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I am Dr. Shafeeq-ur-Rahman from Pakistan and have gotten a Ph.D. degree from Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS, Xinxiang, China. I have expertise in plant physiology and biochemistry, Antioxidants enzymes, Reactive Oxygen Species, Heavy metal Toxicities, Acidic and Alkaline stresses, phytoremediations, Carbon sequestration, Air pollution, saline and alkaline toxicity, Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Soil Chemistry, and Soil Sciences. I have published 9 articles with the first author and 6 articles as corresponding authors and 28 articles with co-authors
The North China Plain is an important irrigated agricultural area in China. However, the effects of irrigation management on carbon emission are not well documented in this region. Due to the uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall, irrigation is mainly concentrated in the winter wheat growing season in the North China Plain. In this study, we estimated CO2 emission and soil CH4 uptake from winter wheat fields with different irrigation methods and scheduling treatments using the static chamber-gas chromatography method from April to May 2017 and 2018. Treatments included three irrigation methods (surface drip, sprinkler, and border) and three irrigation scheduling levels that initiated as soon as the soil moisture drained to 50%, 60%, and 70% of the field capacity for a 0–100 cm soil profile were tested. The results showed that both the irrigation methods and scheduling significantly influenced (p< 0.05) the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emission, grain yield, global warming potential (GWP), GWP Intensity (GWPI), GWPI per unit irrigation applied, and water use efficiency (WUE). Compared to 60% and 70% FC, 50% FC irrigation scheduling de-creased accumulated CH4 uptake 26.8–30.3% and 17.8–25.4%, and reduced accumulated CO2 emissions 7.0–15.3% and 12.6–19.4%, respectively. Conversely, 50% FC reduced GWP 6.5–13.3% and 12.5–19.4% and lower grain yield 10.4–19.7% and 8.5–16.6% compared to 60% and 70% FC irrigation scheduling in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Compared to sprinkler irrigation and border irrigation, drip irrigation at 60% FC increased the accumulated CH4 uptake 11.3–12.1% and 1.9–5.5%, while reduced the accumulated CO2 emissions from 7.5–8.8% and 10.1–12.1% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Moreover, drip irrigation at 60% FC increased grain yield 5.2–7.5% and 6.3–6.8%, WUE 0.9–5.4% and 5.7–7.4%, and lowered GWP 8.0–9.8% and 10.1–12.0% compared to sprinkler and border irrigation in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The interaction of irrigation scheduling and irrigation methods significantly impacted accumulated CH4 uptake, cumulative CO2 amount, and GWP in 2018 only while grain yield and WUE in the entire study. Overall, drip irrigation at 60% FC is the optimal choice in terms of higher grain yield, WUE, and mitigating GWP and GWPI from winter wheat fields in North China Plain.
Faisal Mehmood; Guangshuai Wang; Yang Gao; Yueping Liang; Muhammad Zain; Shafeeq Rahman; Aiwang Duan. Impacts of Irrigation Managements on Soil CO2 Emission and Soil CH4 Uptake of Winter Wheat Field in the North China Plain. Water 2021, 13, 2052 .
AMA StyleFaisal Mehmood, Guangshuai Wang, Yang Gao, Yueping Liang, Muhammad Zain, Shafeeq Rahman, Aiwang Duan. Impacts of Irrigation Managements on Soil CO2 Emission and Soil CH4 Uptake of Winter Wheat Field in the North China Plain. Water. 2021; 13 (15):2052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaisal Mehmood; Guangshuai Wang; Yang Gao; Yueping Liang; Muhammad Zain; Shafeeq Rahman; Aiwang Duan. 2021. "Impacts of Irrigation Managements on Soil CO2 Emission and Soil CH4 Uptake of Winter Wheat Field in the North China Plain." Water 13, no. 15: 2052.
Anthropogenic activities such as mining, manufacturing, and application of fertilizers release substantial quantities of cadmium (Cd) into the environment. In the natural environment, varying pH may play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of Cd in plants, which can cause toxicity and increase the risk to humans. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to examine the impact of pH on cadmium (Cd) solubility and bioavailability in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that Cd concentration was significantly reduced in wheat with an increase in pH from 5 to 7, while it was dramatically increased at pH ranging from 7 to 9. However, in both cases, a significant reduction in physiological traits was observed. The addition of Cd (20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1) at all pH levels caused a substantial decline in wheat growth, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, nutrient availability, while elevated cell membrane damage was observed in terms of electrolytic leakage (EL), osmoprotectants, and antioxidants activity. In our findings, the negative effects of acidic pH (5) on wheat growth and development were more pronounced in the presence of Cd toxicities. For instance, Cd concentration with 20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1 at acidic pH (5) reduced shoot dry biomass by 45%, 53%, and 79%, total chlorophyll contents by 26%, 41%, 56% while increased CAT activity in shoot by 109%, 175%, and 221%, SOD activity in shoot by 122%, 135%, and 167%, POD activity in shoot by 137%, 250%, and 265%, MDA contents in shoot by 51%, 83%, and 150%, H2O2 contents in shoot by 175%, 219%, and 292%, EL in shoot by 108%, 165%, and 230%, proline contents in shoot by 235%, 280%, and 393%, respectively as compared to neutral pH without Cd toxicities. On the other hand, neutral pH with Cd toxicities alleviated the negative effects of Cd toxicity on wheat plants by limiting Cd uptake, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and increased nutrient availability. In conclusion, neutral pH minimized the adverse effects of Cd stress by minimizing its uptake and accumulation in wheat plants.
Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Luqman Riaz; Ghulam Yasin; Adnan Noor Shah; Umbreen Shahzad; Muhammad Shah Jahan; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Amjad Bashir; Abdur Rehim; Zhenjie Du. The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0253798 .
AMA StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman, Qi Xuebin, Luqman Riaz, Ghulam Yasin, Adnan Noor Shah, Umbreen Shahzad, Muhammad Shah Jahan, Allah Ditta, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Abdur Rehim, Zhenjie Du. The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (7):e0253798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Luqman Riaz; Ghulam Yasin; Adnan Noor Shah; Umbreen Shahzad; Muhammad Shah Jahan; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Amjad Bashir; Abdur Rehim; Zhenjie Du. 2021. "The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7: e0253798.
Soil pollution by heavy metals from industrial and anthropogenic activities is prevalent and a serious threat to ecosystems and humans. To immobilize heavy metal toxicity using trees is an effective and low-cost method for soil remediation. The present study was aimed to assess the most suitable bioindicator of trace elements including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Morus alba and Eucalyptus camaldulensis plant species at seven different sites in Faisalabad, an industrial city of Pakistan during the summer and winter seasons. Samples from the leaf, bark, deposited dust, and soil of both subjected species was collected for the assessment of metals accumulation. The recorded data showed that the trend of heavy metal concentration in soil, deposited dust, bark, and the leaf of both species was Pb > Cu > Cd. Generally, the maximum concentration of Cd, Cu, and Pb was recorded at the building material processing area during both seasons in both subjected species. Moreover, the highest concentration of Cd and Pb was recorded in leaf samples, while the highest concentration of Cu was recorded in dust samples. These results suggesting the idea that tree leaves can be used as a good indicator of Cd, and Pb concentration. In the case of Cu, a highly significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between Cu concentration in deposited dust and leaves of both species during both growing seasons, indicating that the main source of Cu accumulation is atmospheric dust. Moreover, the summer season was more sensitive for the exposure of Cd, Cu, and Pb while, M. alba was proved as a good bioindicator and bioaccumulator for all recorded heavy metals during both seasons. According to the obtained results, M. alba trees are more likely to capture Cd, Cu, and Pb from the air, so planting these trees in industrial areas with such atmosphere pollutants would be beneficial.
Ghulam Yasin; Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf; Muhammad Farooq Azhar; Din Muhammad Zahid; Muhammad Imtiaz; Babar Hussain. Phytoremediation Potential of E. camaldulensis and M. alba for Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Absorption in Urban Areas of Faisalabad City, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research 2021, 15, 597 -612.
AMA StyleGhulam Yasin, Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf, Muhammad Farooq Azhar, Din Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Babar Hussain. Phytoremediation Potential of E. camaldulensis and M. alba for Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Absorption in Urban Areas of Faisalabad City, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2021; 15 (4):597-612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhulam Yasin; Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf; Muhammad Farooq Azhar; Din Muhammad Zahid; Muhammad Imtiaz; Babar Hussain. 2021. "Phytoremediation Potential of E. camaldulensis and M. alba for Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Absorption in Urban Areas of Faisalabad City, Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research 15, no. 4: 597-612.
Heavy metal toxicity causes a remarkable decline in the growth and yield of numerous plant species in the agricultural system. Cadmium (Cd) among the other heavy metals is the most distinguished lethal heavy metal as its higher water solubility, relative mobility, and phytotoxicity. Silicon (Si), as a second most abundant element, has been reported to mitigate numerous abiotic stresses, comprising heavy metal stress in plants. The 2-repeated studies were conducted to disclose the protective role of silica gel derived from sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) at the rate of 1 and 3 mmol L−1 on the root morphological characters of wheat plants grown in cultured medium with three levels of Cd toxicities (0, 50, and 200 µmol L−1). The results of our studies demonstrated a remarkable alteration in morphological traits of wheat roots with both levels of Cd toxicities through incorporating an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), by lipid peroxidation, by limitation of essential nutrient availability, and by the accumulation of the high contents of Cd in root cells. While the introduction of Si nanoparticles at the rate of 1 and 3 mmol L−1 in the cultured medium having Cd toxicities remarkably demolished Cd adversity by shifting the balance between antioxidant enzymes and oxidants of ROS. Moreover, Si significantly increased cations concentrations in root tips that compete with Cd ions for exchange sites and reduced Cd uptake and accumulation by roots. Being an effective beneficial element, Si improved root morphological characters by strengthening the antioxidative defense system and by hindering ROS in root tissues grown in a cultured medium with different toxicities of Cd.
Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Ghulam Yasin; Hefa Cheng; Faisal Mehmood; Muhammad Zain; Muhammad Shehzad; Muhammad Irfan Ahmad; Luqman Riaz; Abdur Rahim; Saeed Ur Rahman. Role of silicon on root morphological characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown under Cd-contaminated nutrient solution. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2021, 43, 1 -13.
AMA StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman, Qi Xuebin, Ghulam Yasin, Hefa Cheng, Faisal Mehmood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Shehzad, Muhammad Irfan Ahmad, Luqman Riaz, Abdur Rahim, Saeed Ur Rahman. Role of silicon on root morphological characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown under Cd-contaminated nutrient solution. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2021; 43 (4):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Ghulam Yasin; Hefa Cheng; Faisal Mehmood; Muhammad Zain; Muhammad Shehzad; Muhammad Irfan Ahmad; Luqman Riaz; Abdur Rahim; Saeed Ur Rahman. 2021. "Role of silicon on root morphological characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown under Cd-contaminated nutrient solution." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 43, no. 4: 1-13.
The increasing soil salinity levels under reclaimed water irrigation have a negative effect on plant growth. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 under reclaimed water–fresh water combined irrigation. After transplanting (Day 1), rice was irrigated with clean water (tap water) for 10 days to facilitate rice root colonisation. Subsequently, rice was irrigated with reclaimed water for 50 days (Day 11 to 60), and then irrigated with clean water. B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae were mixed with clean water (tap water) and irrigated into soil at Day 61. B. subtilis (20 billion colony-forming units/g) and S. cerevisiae (20 billion colony-forming units/g) were mixed at the following proportions: 5 g and 0 (J1), 3.75 g and 1.25 g (J2), 2.5 g and 2.5 g (J3), 1.25 g and 3.75 g (J4), and 0 and 5 g (J5), respectively; rice treated with reclaimed water (CK) and clean water (J0) with no microorganisms applied were also used. We measured NO3 --N and NH4 +-N concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–25 cm layers; root activity; and malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in leaves at Day 71. B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae combination could promote rice physiological indices, and B. subtilis had a greater effect than S. cerevisiae. There are obvious differences in the physiological performance and soil N between 2018 and 2019 due to the EC of reclaimed water. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil NO3 −-N and the mass of B. subtilis applied were major factors influencing leaf physiological indices. Five grams of B. subtilis is recommended to facilitate rice growth after irrigation with reclaimed water. Our research provides a new agronomic measure for the safe utilisation of reclaimed water.
Hongfei Lu; Xuebin Qi; Shafeeq Rahman; Dongmei Qiao; Ping Li; Yang Han; Zhijuan Zhao. Rice Physiological Response with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculation into Soil under Reclaimed Water–Fresh Water Combined Irrigation. Water 2021, 13, 773 .
AMA StyleHongfei Lu, Xuebin Qi, Shafeeq Rahman, Dongmei Qiao, Ping Li, Yang Han, Zhijuan Zhao. Rice Physiological Response with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculation into Soil under Reclaimed Water–Fresh Water Combined Irrigation. Water. 2021; 13 (6):773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongfei Lu; Xuebin Qi; Shafeeq Rahman; Dongmei Qiao; Ping Li; Yang Han; Zhijuan Zhao. 2021. "Rice Physiological Response with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculation into Soil under Reclaimed Water–Fresh Water Combined Irrigation." Water 13, no. 6: 773.
Sound irrigation and nitrogen management strategies are necessary to achieve sustainable yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The coupled effects of irrigation scheduling and the nitrogen application mode (NAM) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were evaluated with a two-year field experiment, which consisted of three irrigation scheduling levels (ISLs) (irrigating when soil water consumption (SWC) reached 20, 35 and 50 mm, referred as I20, I35 and I50, respectively) and three nitrogen application modes (NAMs) (ratio of basal application and topdressing as 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, referred as N50:50, N25:75 and N0:100, respectively). The experimental results showed that irrigating winter wheat at ISL I35 substantially (p < 0.05) improved the grain yield by 15.89%, 3.32% and 14.82%, 4.31% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.23%, 16.03% and 5.26%, 12.36%, compared with those at ISL I20 and I50 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. NAM N25:75 appeared very beneficial in terms of grain yield, yield components and WUE as compared to other NAM levels. The maximum grain yield (8.62 and 9.40 t ha−1) and water use efficiency (1.88 and 2.09 kg m−3) were achieved in treatment I35N25:75 in two growing seasons over those in other treatments. The results in this study may deliver a scientific basis for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management of the drip-irrigated winter wheat production in the NCP.
Muhammad Zain; Zhuanyun Si; Sen Li; Yang Gao; Faisal Mehmood; Shafeeq-Ur Rahman; Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani; Aiwang Duan. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2742 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Zain, Zhuanyun Si, Sen Li, Yang Gao, Faisal Mehmood, Shafeeq-Ur Rahman, Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani, Aiwang Duan. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zain; Zhuanyun Si; Sen Li; Yang Gao; Faisal Mehmood; Shafeeq-Ur Rahman; Abdoul Mounkaila Hamani; Aiwang Duan. 2021. "The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2742.
Silicon (Si), as a quasi-essential element, has a vital role in alleviating the damaging effects of various environmental stresses on plants. Cadmium (Cd) stress is severe abiotic stress, especially in acidic ecological conditions, and Si can demolish the toxicity induced by Cd as well as acidic pH on plants. Based on these hypotheses, we demonstrated 2-repeated experiments to unfold the effects of Si as silica gel on the root morphology and physiology of wheat seedling under Cd as well as acidic stresses. For this purpose, we used nine treatments with three levels of Si nanoparticles (0, 1, and 3 mmol L−1) derived from sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) against three concentrations of Cd (0, 50, and 200 µmol L−1) in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) with three replications were arranged in a complete randomized design. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted at 5. The averages of three random replications showed that the mutual impacts of Si and Cd in acidic pH on wheat roots depend on the concentrations of Si and Cd. The collective or particular influence of low or high levels of Si (1 or 3 mM) and acidic pH (5) improved the development of wheat roots, and the collective influence was more significant than that of a single parallel treatment. The combined effects of low or high concentrations of Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass while increased antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents. The incorporation of Si (1 or 3 mmol L−1) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solution promoted the wheat root growth, decreased ROS contents, and further increased the antioxidants in the wheat roots compared with Cd single treatments in acidic pH. The demolishing effects were better with a high level of Si (3 mM) than the low level of Si (1 Mm). In conclusion, we could suggest Si as an effective beneficial nutrient that could participate actively in several morphological and physiological activities of roots in wheat plants grown under Cd and acidic pH stresses.
Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Zhijuan Zhao; Zhenjie Du; Muhammad Imtiaz; Faisal Mehmood; Lu Hongfei; Babar Hussain; Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf. Alleviatory effects of Silicon on the morphology, physiology, and antioxidative mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots under cadmium stress in acidic nutrient solutions. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -12.
AMA StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman, Qi Xuebin, Zhijuan Zhao, Zhenjie Du, Muhammad Imtiaz, Faisal Mehmood, Lu Hongfei, Babar Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf. Alleviatory effects of Silicon on the morphology, physiology, and antioxidative mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots under cadmium stress in acidic nutrient solutions. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Zhijuan Zhao; Zhenjie Du; Muhammad Imtiaz; Faisal Mehmood; Lu Hongfei; Babar Hussain; Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf. 2021. "Alleviatory effects of Silicon on the morphology, physiology, and antioxidative mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots under cadmium stress in acidic nutrient solutions." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-12.
Plants are exposed to various abiotic stressors in agricultural systems, especially cadmium (Cd) stress, which hinders plant growth and development. The current study was conducted to assess the protective role of silicon (Si) application in two methods and to identify the optimum method of Si application for wheat plants grown hydroponically under the same levels of Cd stress. For this purpose, we used two different silicon (Si; 1 mmol L−1 Na2SiO3) application methods (i.e., root application and foliar spray) on growth, chlorophyll contents, cell membrane injury contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and membrane permeability contents of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against four levels of cadmium (Cd), normal, 50 μmol L−1, 100 μmol L−1, and 200 μmol L−1, in 2-repeated greenhouse experiments. Results showed that Cd stress markedly affects growth, chlorophyll contents, and physiological traits and boosted up anti-oxidative defense system activity, osmoprotectants, and Cd contents. However, Si application as foliar or root induced reversibility of Cd toxic effects by significantly increasing growth, chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, and Si contents and significantly reducing membrane injury contents measured as electrolytic leakage (EL) contents, lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and osmotic pressure measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and increased in enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative defense system’s activity. Being an effective beneficial element, Si with the preference of root application improved leaf area, plant biomass, membrane characteristic, photosynthetic rate, and anti-oxidative defense system of wheat plants by alleviating Cd toxicity.
Shafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Xiao Yatao; Muhammad Irfan Ahmad; Muhammad Shehzad; Muhammad Zain. Silicon and Its Application Methods Improve Physiological Traits and Antioxidants in Triticum aestivum (L.) Under Cadmium Stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2020, 20, 1110 -1121.
AMA StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman, Qi Xuebin, Xiao Yatao, Muhammad Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Shehzad, Muhammad Zain. Silicon and Its Application Methods Improve Physiological Traits and Antioxidants in Triticum aestivum (L.) Under Cadmium Stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2020; 20 (3):1110-1121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafeeq Ur Rahman; Qi Xuebin; Xiao Yatao; Muhammad Irfan Ahmad; Muhammad Shehzad; Muhammad Zain. 2020. "Silicon and Its Application Methods Improve Physiological Traits and Antioxidants in Triticum aestivum (L.) Under Cadmium Stress." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 20, no. 3: 1110-1121.
Abiotic stress is an important limiting factor in crop growth and yield around the world. Owing to the continued genetic erosion of the upland cotton germplasm due to intense selection and inbreeding, attention has shifted towards wild cotton progenitors which offer unique traits that can be introgressed into the cultivated cotton to improve their genetic performance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Pkinase gene family in a previously developed genetic map of the F2 population derived from a cross between two cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum (CCRI 12-4) and Gossypium darwinii (5-7). Based on phylogenetic analysis, Pkinase (PF00069) was found to be the dominant domain with 151 genes in three cotton species, categorized into 13 subfamilies. Structure analysis of G. hirsutum genes showed that a greater percentage of genes and their exons were highly conserved within the group. Syntenic analysis of gene blocks revealed 99 duplicated genes among G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. Most of the genes were duplicated in segmental pattern. Expression pattern analysis showed that the Pkinase gene family possessed species-level variation in induction to salinity and G. darwinii had higher expression levels as compared to G. hirsutum. Based on RNA sequence analysis and preliminary RT-qPCR verification, we hypothesized that the Pkinase gene family, regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, might play key roles in salt stress tolerance. These findings inferred comprehensive information on possible structure and function of Pkinase gene family in cotton under salt stress.
Muhammad Shehzad; Zhongli Zhou; Allah Ditta; Xiaoyan Cai; Majid Khan; Yanchao Xu; Yuqing Hou; Renhai Peng; Fushun Hao; Shafeeq- Ur- Rahman; Kunbo Wang; Fang Liu. Genome-Wide Mining and Identification of Protein Kinase Gene Family Impacts Salinity Stress Tolerance in Highly Dense Genetic Map Developed from Interspecific Cross between G. hirsutum L. and G. darwinii G. Watt. Agronomy 2019, 9, 560 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shehzad, Zhongli Zhou, Allah Ditta, Xiaoyan Cai, Majid Khan, Yanchao Xu, Yuqing Hou, Renhai Peng, Fushun Hao, Shafeeq- Ur- Rahman, Kunbo Wang, Fang Liu. Genome-Wide Mining and Identification of Protein Kinase Gene Family Impacts Salinity Stress Tolerance in Highly Dense Genetic Map Developed from Interspecific Cross between G. hirsutum L. and G. darwinii G. Watt. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (9):560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shehzad; Zhongli Zhou; Allah Ditta; Xiaoyan Cai; Majid Khan; Yanchao Xu; Yuqing Hou; Renhai Peng; Fushun Hao; Shafeeq- Ur- Rahman; Kunbo Wang; Fang Liu. 2019. "Genome-Wide Mining and Identification of Protein Kinase Gene Family Impacts Salinity Stress Tolerance in Highly Dense Genetic Map Developed from Interspecific Cross between G. hirsutum L. and G. darwinii G. Watt." Agronomy 9, no. 9: 560.