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Paolo Marzullo
IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy

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Review
Published: 30 July 2020 in Nutrients
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Background: Global dietary patterns have gradually shifted toward a ‘western type’ with progressive increases in rates of metabolic imbalance. Recently, animal and human studies have revealed positive effects of caloric restriction (CR) on many health domains, giving new knowledge for prevention of ill and health promotion; Methods: We conducted a systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of CR on health status in adults. A meta-analysis was performed on anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes; Results: A total of 29 articles were retrieved including data from eight RCTs. All included RCTs were at low risk for performance bias related to objective outcomes. Collectively, articles included 704 subjects. Among the 334 subjects subjected to CR, the compliance with the intervention appeared generally high. Meta-analyses proved benefit of CR on reduction of body weight, BMI, fat mass, total cholesterol, while a minor impact was shown for LDL, fasting glucose and insulin levels. No effect emerged for HDL and blood pressure after CR. Data were insufficient for other hormone variables in relation to meta-analysis of CR effects; Conclusion: CR is a nutritional pattern linked to improved cardiometabolic status. However, evidence is limited on the multidimensional aspects of health and requires more studies of high quality to identify the precise impact of CR on health status and longevity.

ACS Style

Silvia Caristia; Marta Vito; Andrea Sarro; Alessio Leone; Alessandro Pecere; Angelica Zibetti; Nicoletta Filigheddu; Patrizia Zeppegno; Flavia Prodam; Fabrizio Faggiano; Paolo Marzullo. Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2290 .

AMA Style

Silvia Caristia, Marta Vito, Andrea Sarro, Alessio Leone, Alessandro Pecere, Angelica Zibetti, Nicoletta Filigheddu, Patrizia Zeppegno, Flavia Prodam, Fabrizio Faggiano, Paolo Marzullo. Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (8):2290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Caristia; Marta Vito; Andrea Sarro; Alessio Leone; Alessandro Pecere; Angelica Zibetti; Nicoletta Filigheddu; Patrizia Zeppegno; Flavia Prodam; Fabrizio Faggiano; Paolo Marzullo. 2020. "Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2290.

Review
Published: 06 October 2019 in Nutrients
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Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.

ACS Style

Silvia Caristia; Nicoletta Filigheddu; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Andrea Sarro; Tommaso Testa; Corrado Magnani; Gianluca Aimaretti; Fabrizio Faggiano; Paolo Marzullo; Barone- Adesi. Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2384 .

AMA Style

Silvia Caristia, Nicoletta Filigheddu, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Andrea Sarro, Tommaso Testa, Corrado Magnani, Gianluca Aimaretti, Fabrizio Faggiano, Paolo Marzullo, Barone- Adesi. Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (10):2384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Caristia; Nicoletta Filigheddu; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Andrea Sarro; Tommaso Testa; Corrado Magnani; Gianluca Aimaretti; Fabrizio Faggiano; Paolo Marzullo; Barone- Adesi. 2019. "Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies." Nutrients 11, no. 10: 2384.