Odorous components emitted from different forms of solid natural rubber (NR) were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) associated with head space sampling technique. The most odorous components from most samples were identified as low molecular weight volatile fatty acids (C₂-C₅). Other volatile organic contents verified based on characteristic ions of mass spectra included carbonyl compounds, low molecular weight compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur and aromatic compounds. The total content and composition of volatile organic compounds were directly correlated to the rubber quality and drying process. Low-grade NR samples, i.e. STR 20 from cup lumps with intense smell, had high quantity of volatile organic contents especially low molecular weight volatile fatty acids. On the other hand, high-quality rubber, i.e. deproteinized NR and STR 5L from which no smell was detected, contained only minute quantities of volatile organic contents. Aromatic components were regarded as other major odorous contents found in ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) samples. The results suggested that the odorous components were the by-products of non-rubber components which had undergone microbial breakdown during storage or thermal degradation during processing.

Data gathering systems in the Industrial IoT require an end-to-end latency as low as 1 s with coverage of a few hundred meters. The 6TiSCH standard is well suited for these types of applications. A 6TiSCH network is a multihop wireless IPv6 network which uses time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH). TSCH is a medium access mode of IEEE802.15.4 which provides deterministic properties, and increases robustness against external interference and multipath fading. A key component of TSCH is its scheduling function that builds the communication schedule, which greatly impacts network performance. Although there are several proposed TSCH scheduling solutions in the literature, most of them are not directly applicable to 6TiSCH for real-world deployments because they fail to take into consideration the dynamics of a network. Some of them assume a fixed routing topology, which does not match 6TiSCH where the routing topology dynamically changes with the radio environment. In this article, we propose a full-featured 6TiSCH scheduling function called YSF, that autonomously takes into account all aspects of network dynamics, including the network formation phase and parent switching. YSF aims at minimizing latency and maximizing reliability for data gathering applications. We evaluate YSF by simulation, and compare it to MSF, the state-of-art scheduling function being standardized by the IETF 6TiSCH working group.

Many Industrial IoT TSCH networks, such as SmartMesh IP, operate in the same 2.4 GHz frequency band as WiFi. As the smart factory becomes more and more connected, WiFi starts being rolled out on many factory floors. It is hence completely legitimate to question whether WiFi impacts Industrial IoT TSCH networks, and in particular their endto-end reliability. In a setup which replicates a worst case industrial setting, we conduct a thorough experimental study which looks at the performance of a 47-mote SmartMesh IP network undergoing several levels of WiFi interference. The result is that, even though the latency and power consumption of the network increase, end-to-end reliability stays at 100% even under very high WiFi interference. The conclusion is that TSCH technology at 2.4 GHz, such as SmartMesh IP, is perfectly appropriate to for an industrial environment where WiFi is heavily used. This paper is complemented by a research report which contains all the information needed to replicate the measurements, and the raw data.

• The effect of ultrasound and LMNO on reduction of Au³⁺ to Au NPs are determined. • Au NPs are successfully deposited on a 5-V-class cathode material using ultrasound. • Ultrasound is superior to stirring for dispersing Au NPs on LMNO/C. • Au NP deposition using ultrasound improves the electronic conductivity of LMNO/C.

Simulation is a powerful tool for development of wireless networks. One key drawback of simulation‐based studies for wireless networking is the need to use a radio propagation model. In this paper, we propose trace‐based simulation for 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE802.15.4e). We make the 6TiSCH Simulator run against connectivity traces collected in a real‐world deployment. Our evaluation shows the trace‐based simulation can yield almost the same results as experiments, with 1200 times faster speed in execution time.