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The present study aimed to evaluate animal welfare of pigs from the same farm, raised with two ventilation systems. The study involved 60 pens of fattening pigs, raised in two buildings: one naturally ventilated (NV) and the other mechanically ventilated (MV). Pigs were assessed on three observation days: at 40 kg (T1), 100 kg (T2), and 160 kg (T3) of live weight. Animal-based measures were used such as qualitative behavioral analysis (QBA), behavioral measures (BMs), and lesion and health measures (LHMs). Housing conditions (HCs) measured at each observation day were the number of pigs per pen, space allowance, temperature, light, and CO2. The association study was performed using a general linear model and analysis of variance. Ventilation effect was analyzed by performing computational fluid dynamics. Results showed that overall pigs raised in the MV were in a more positive affective state. Despite that, with hot temperatures, the higher occurrence of pig soiling indicated heat stress in pigs and consequent welfare impairment. The higher frequency of pigs showing dog sitting behavior at T2 and T3 suggest welfare worsening in the last phases of fattening. The study concludes that ventilation system influences animal behavior and overall animal welfare, especially during the warmer season.
Marika Vitali; Enrica Santolini; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari; Daniele Torreggiani; Paolo Trevisi. Behavior and Welfare of Undocked Heavy Pigs Raised in Buildings with Different Ventilation Systems. Animals 2021, 11, 2338 .
AMA StyleMarika Vitali, Enrica Santolini, Marco Bovo, Patrizia Tassinari, Daniele Torreggiani, Paolo Trevisi. Behavior and Welfare of Undocked Heavy Pigs Raised in Buildings with Different Ventilation Systems. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarika Vitali; Enrica Santolini; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari; Daniele Torreggiani; Paolo Trevisi. 2021. "Behavior and Welfare of Undocked Heavy Pigs Raised in Buildings with Different Ventilation Systems." Animals 11, no. 8: 2338.
In recent years, the agricultural sector has taken advantage of real time monitoring, particularly in delicate systems such aquaculture plants. In this context there is a need to develop integrated systems for sustainable production of both vegetable crops and fish. Since a monitoring system able to collect all the involved metrics is not available on the market, a specific monitoring system called ISMaCS (Integrated Smart Monitoring and Control System) has been designed and developed to collect and analyse relevant data. A method is proposed for the validation of the measurements collected by ISMaCS based on comparisons between the data series collected by investigated and reference sensors. Firstly, experiments has been carried out recording with sensors, parameters and an indicator, called Distance between Measurements (DbM) that has been defined and calculated. DbM has been compared to two thresholds to test the sensor reliability. The first, the Identical Reference Value (IRV) was based on the characteristics of the reference sensor, whilst the second, the Acceptability Reference Value (ARV), was selected on the basis of the precision required by the application. Specifically, DbM showed that if the precision of the investigated sensor was suitable for a specific application, it quantifies the reliability of the measurements and can be used as a tool to compare and rank different sensors measuring the same metrics.
Alberto Barbaresi; Miki Agrusti; Mattia Ceccarelli; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari; Daniele Torreggiani. A method for the validation of measurements collected by different monitoring systems applied to aquaculture processing plants. Biosystems Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlberto Barbaresi, Miki Agrusti, Mattia Ceccarelli, Marco Bovo, Patrizia Tassinari, Daniele Torreggiani. A method for the validation of measurements collected by different monitoring systems applied to aquaculture processing plants. Biosystems Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Barbaresi; Miki Agrusti; Mattia Ceccarelli; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari; Daniele Torreggiani. 2021. "A method for the validation of measurements collected by different monitoring systems applied to aquaculture processing plants." Biosystems Engineering , no. : 1.
Circular economy plays a key role in increasing the sustainability of the agricultural sector, given the countless possibilities of transforming crop residues and recycling precious resources. The maize cultivation process produces a significant amount of residual organic materials, commonly left on the field, as a soil conditioner and source of nutrients even if some parts, such as the cob, play a minor role in these actions. The solutions for the valorization of this remnant depend on economic and environmental factors and the evaluation of the environmental performances of the processes in a life-cycle perspective is important to compare the overall sustainability of the valorization alternatives, maximizing their environmental added value. This work reports the results of Life Cycle Analysis, from cradle-to-gate of corn cob valorized as a raw material in two scenarios: corn cob pellet and corn cob abrasive grits to use as blasting or finishing media. A comparative study has been performed with two products available on the market and with the same functions. The results show that cob-based products have lower impact than those currently used. The work provides indication for evaluating the benefits of turning agricultural wastes in natural-based materials and intends to promote circular economy processes in agriculture production.
Enrica Santolini; Marco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. Turning Agricultural Wastes into Biomaterials: Assessing the Sustainability of Scenarios of Circular Valorization of Corn Cob in a Life-Cycle Perspective. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6281 .
AMA StyleEnrica Santolini, Marco Bovo, Alberto Barbaresi, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari. Turning Agricultural Wastes into Biomaterials: Assessing the Sustainability of Scenarios of Circular Valorization of Corn Cob in a Life-Cycle Perspective. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrica Santolini; Marco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. 2021. "Turning Agricultural Wastes into Biomaterials: Assessing the Sustainability of Scenarios of Circular Valorization of Corn Cob in a Life-Cycle Perspective." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6281.
The actual seismic building codes have a prescriptive nature, and they are principally aimed to guarantee a prescribed life-safety level against a design-level earthquake even if some methods have been proposed to evaluate the seismic performance of a building along its entire service life. Among these, the performance-based seismic design method permits the design of buildings with a more realistic understanding of both risk of life for occupants and economic losses that may occur in future earthquakes. On the other side, the capacity design method, providing criteria to properly spread the inelastic deformation demand between the different structural elements, allows to establish a ductile collapse mechanism avoiding undesired brittle failures. In this context, modern building codes consider the adoption of a single value for the behaviour factor q to be used in the design process. All this should be argued since, especially for buildings characterized by storeys with different uses and occupancy ratios, the adoption of a single value for q could guide the design process to a solution not minimizing the seismic loss. With reference to these aspects, the paper shows the comparison of the seismic responses of a multistorey framed building designed following two different approaches. The first approach, suggested by many international codes, follows the capacity design rules and considers a single value for the behaviour factor valid for the whole building. In this first case, the damage mechanisms could affect, theoretically, every storey of the building. The second approach, proposed here, considers instead the possibility to adopt different behaviour factors to attribute to different storeys. In this way, it is possible to concentrate and localize the most severe earthquake-induced structural damage on (few) storeys, selected by the designers. By means of the seismic performance assessment methodology, the comparison between the two building responses is provided in terms of expected losses during the whole building service life and is reported in terms of both economical loss and human life loss. The results in the paper show that, if different behaviour factors are properly selected for different storeys, the design process can provide a solution characterized by lower values of seismic loss with respect to the case of the design assuming a single-q value.
Marco Bovo; Marco Savoia; Lucia Praticò. Seismic Performance Assessment of a Multistorey Building Designed with an Alternative Capacity Design Approach. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Marco Savoia, Lucia Praticò. Seismic Performance Assessment of a Multistorey Building Designed with an Alternative Capacity Design Approach. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2021; 2021 ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Marco Savoia; Lucia Praticò. 2021. "Seismic Performance Assessment of a Multistorey Building Designed with an Alternative Capacity Design Approach." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, no. : 1-18.
Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) relies on several technological approaches to acquire, in the most efficient way, precise and real-time data concerning production and welfare of individual animals. In this regard, in the dairy sector, PLF devices are being increasingly adopted, automatic milking systems (AMSs) are becoming increasingly widespread, and monitoring systems for animals and environmental conditions are becoming common tools in herd management. As a consequence, a great amount of daily recorded data concerning individual animals are available for the farmers and they could be used effectively for the calibration of numerical models to be used for the prediction of future animal production trends. On the other hand, the machine learning approaches in PLF are nowadays considered an extremely promising solution in the research field of livestock farms and the application of these techniques in the dairy cattle farming would increase sustainability and efficiency of the sector. The study aims to define, train, and test a model developed through machine learning techniques, adopting a Random Forest algorithm, having the main goal to assess the trend in daily milk yield of a single cow in relation to environmental conditions. The model has been calibrated and tested on the data collected on 91 lactating cows of a dairy farm, located in northern Italy, and equipped with an AMS and thermo-hygrometric sensors during the years 2016–2017. In the statistical model, having seven predictor features, the daily milk yield is evaluated as a function of the position of the day in the lactation curve and the indoor barn conditions expressed in terms of daily average of the temperature-humidity index (THI) in the same day and its value in each of the five previous days. In this way, extreme hot conditions inducing heat stress effects can be considered in the yield predictions by the model. The average relative prediction error of the milk yield of each cow is about 18% of daily production, and only 2% of the total milk production.
Marco Bovo; Miki Agrusti; Stefano Benni; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. Random Forest Modelling of Milk Yield of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals 2021, 11, 1305 .
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Miki Agrusti, Stefano Benni, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari. Random Forest Modelling of Milk Yield of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Miki Agrusti; Stefano Benni; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. 2021. "Random Forest Modelling of Milk Yield of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress Conditions." Animals 11, no. 5: 1305.
Precision Livestock Farming relies on several technological approaches to acquire in the most efficient way precise and up-to-date data concerning individual animals. In dairy farming, particular attention is paid to the automatic cow detection and tracking, as such information is closely related to animal welfare and thus to possible health issues. Computer vision represents a suitable and promising method for this purpose. This paper describes the first step for the development of a computer vision system, based on deep learning, aiming to recognize in real-time the individual cows, detect their positions, actions and movements and record the time history outputs for each animal. Specifically, a neural network based on deep learning techniques has been trained and validated on a case study farm, for the automatic recognition of individual cows in videos recorded in the barn. Four cows were selected to train and validate a YOLO neural network able to recognize a cow starting from the coat pattern. Then, precision-recall curves of the identification of individual cows were elaborated for both the specific target classes and the whole dataset in order to assess the performances of the network. By means of data augmentation techniques, an enlarged dataset has been created and considered in order to improve the performance of the network and to provide indications to increase detection efficiency in those cases where data acquisition is not easy to be carried out for long periods. The mean average precision of the detection, ranging from 0.64 to 0.66, showed that it is possible to properly identify individual cows based on their morphological appearance and that the piebald spotting pattern of a cow’s coat represents a clearly distinguishable object for a computer vision network. The results also led to obtain indications about the quantity and the characteristics of the images to be used for the network training in order to achieve efficient detections when facing with applications involving animals.
Patrizia Tassinari; Marco Bovo; Stefano Benni; Simone Franzoni; Matteo Poggi; Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi; Stefano Mattoccia; Luigi Di Stefano; Filippo Bonora; Alberto Barbaresi; Enrica Santolini; Daniele Torreggiani. A computer vision approach based on deep learning for the detection of dairy cows in free stall barn. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2021, 182, 106030 .
AMA StylePatrizia Tassinari, Marco Bovo, Stefano Benni, Simone Franzoni, Matteo Poggi, Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi, Stefano Mattoccia, Luigi Di Stefano, Filippo Bonora, Alberto Barbaresi, Enrica Santolini, Daniele Torreggiani. A computer vision approach based on deep learning for the detection of dairy cows in free stall barn. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2021; 182 ():106030.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrizia Tassinari; Marco Bovo; Stefano Benni; Simone Franzoni; Matteo Poggi; Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi; Stefano Mattoccia; Luigi Di Stefano; Filippo Bonora; Alberto Barbaresi; Enrica Santolini; Daniele Torreggiani. 2021. "A computer vision approach based on deep learning for the detection of dairy cows in free stall barn." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 182, no. : 106030.
Background and Aims The importance of indoor environmental conditions in a cellar is well known and continuously investigated. The process of wine ageing consists of several steps, during which temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) play a fundamental role as the quality of the final product is strongly related to stable and suitable environmental conditions. Critical factors, such as mould growth or wine evaporation, have emerged when ventilation has proved to be insufficient or poorly designed. The limitation of stagnant areas and the homogeneity inT and RH provide for proper wine conservation; however, unwanted local conditions can occur in the zones with insufficient air exchange. Methods and Results Considering these aspects, a controlled microventilation and monitoring system was installed in a case study cellar, and T and RH were monitored for 1 year. The data have been analysed to investigate criticalities of the environmental conditions. The ventilation was activated in specific critical conditions to increase the homogeneity of the T and RH in the critical zones. The results show that the microventilation system improves the homogeneity of both T and RH without affecting the average values. Conclusions The study demonstrated the efficacy of the system and indicated possible modifications to improve system performance. Significance of the Study The system proved to be a useful tool for both improving the environmental conditions and providing useful information to the winemakers about the ageing conditions.
A. Barbaresi; E. Santolini; M. Agrusti; M. Bovo; M. Accorsi; D. Torreggiani; P. Tassinari. Microventilation system improves the ageing conditions in existent wine cellars. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 2020, 26, 417 -426.
AMA StyleA. Barbaresi, E. Santolini, M. Agrusti, M. Bovo, M. Accorsi, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari. Microventilation system improves the ageing conditions in existent wine cellars. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 2020; 26 (4):417-426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Barbaresi; E. Santolini; M. Agrusti; M. Bovo; M. Accorsi; D. Torreggiani; P. Tassinari. 2020. "Microventilation system improves the ageing conditions in existent wine cellars." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 26, no. 4: 417-426.
In order to correctly capture the dynamic behavior of infilled framed buildings, the importance to take into account in seismic design the infill panels’ contribution is nowadays well recognized since they could modify in a significant way the global and local response of the whole building. Despite about sixty years of continuous research in the field, the modelling of the frame-infill interaction still represents a serious issue for the daily practical design since there is no reference model proven to be suitable to cover a wide record of possible cases. Moreover, few works are available in the literature, comparing the results of different modelling proposals with outcomes of dynamic tests on a full-scale building. To this regard, starting from the results of induced vibration dynamic tests performed on a 7-story building with reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill, in the present paper, the effects of the infill presence have been evaluated by comparing experimental outcomes, achieved using a MDOF Circle-Fit identification procedure, with the results obtained by means of numerical analyses performed on finite element models. Using a model updating procedure, the optimal width to assign to the masonry equivalent struts modelling the infill panels was defined. Furthermore, several literature proposals for the definition of the equivalent strut width have been analysed. Thirteen different proposals have been selected and implemented in thirteen different finite element models. The reliability of each proposal has been investigated and quantified by comparing the dynamic properties of the models with the building dynamic response obtained by the experimental tests. The main outcomes of the analyses highlight that different proposals provide a great variability for the strut width. This brings to a large variability of the mechanical properties of the equivalent struts, and as a consequence, the modelling choice also influences the dynamic behaviour of the numerical models. Currently, this represents a serious issue for the daily designers’ activity. The outcomes provided in the paper, although established for a specific case study, can be extended to a wide range of buildings and should drive the future research studies in order to provide more robust criteria for the modelling of this worldwide building class.
Marco Bovo; Michele Tondi; Marco Savoia. Infill Modelling Influence on Dynamic Identification and Model Updating of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -16.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Michele Tondi, Marco Savoia. Infill Modelling Influence on Dynamic Identification and Model Updating of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Michele Tondi; Marco Savoia. 2020. "Infill Modelling Influence on Dynamic Identification and Model Updating of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, no. : 1-16.
In urban areas, a considerable proportion of energy demand is allocated to buildings. Since rooftops constitute one-fourth of all urban surfaces, an increasing amount of attention is paid to achieving the most efficient shapes and component designs compatible with every climate and urban context, for rooftops of varying sizes. In this study, three types of rooftop technologies, namely insulated, green roof, and rooftop greenhouse, are evaluated for energy and thermal performance using computer simulations. Water surface exposure, absorption, and intrusion are the three important factors in the calculation of hygrothermal models that impact energy consumption and building envelope performance; however, a few studies are specifically focused on providing realistic results in multi-dimensional hygrothermal models and the assessment of the impact of moisture in roofing solutions. This paper aims at evaluating the performance of three different roofing technologies through a two-dimensional hygrothermal simulation in software WUFI. To accomplish this, a precise localized microclimate model of a complex urban context on the scale of a neighborhood was employed to evaluate the cooling and heating loads of the buildings, the impact of the water content in the green roof on the thermal behavior of the roof surface, and the feasibility of designing a building with nearly zero cooling needs. A two-story building in the city center of Bologna, Italy is modelled. Simulation results have shown that during the cooling period, the performance of the designed rooftop greenhouse is the most effective by 50% reduction in cooling loads. Besides, the impact of moisture in green roofs has been detected as a negative factor for thermal and energy performance of the building in the Mediterranean climate. The results ultimately highlighted the capability of passively-designed rooftop greenhouses to create a building with nearly zero cooling needs.
Mansoureh Gholami; Alberto Barbaresi; Patrizia Tassinari; Marco Bovo; Daniele Torreggiani. A Comparison of Energy and Thermal Performance of Rooftop Greenhouses and Green Roofs in Mediterranean Climate: A Hygrothermal Assessment in WUFI. Energies 2020, 13, 2030 .
AMA StyleMansoureh Gholami, Alberto Barbaresi, Patrizia Tassinari, Marco Bovo, Daniele Torreggiani. A Comparison of Energy and Thermal Performance of Rooftop Greenhouses and Green Roofs in Mediterranean Climate: A Hygrothermal Assessment in WUFI. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):2030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMansoureh Gholami; Alberto Barbaresi; Patrizia Tassinari; Marco Bovo; Daniele Torreggiani. 2020. "A Comparison of Energy and Thermal Performance of Rooftop Greenhouses and Green Roofs in Mediterranean Climate: A Hygrothermal Assessment in WUFI." Energies 13, no. 8: 2030.
In May 2012, two strong earthquakes hit the northern Italy and caused strong damage to both historical rural heritage and modern agricultural precast facilities. In this paper, damage and collapses observed in the aftermath surveys on historical rural and modern agricultural buildings, are presented and commented. It was observed that in the area hit by the earthquakes few recurrent typologies are present, and buildings of the same typology showed similar damage mechanisms. Therefore, in order to define the most typical damage affecting constructions in the agricultural sector, the stock of the historical rural buildings has been classified in different categories, based on layout and usage of each building. The outcomes presented in this paper allowed to identify the rural building typologies most vulnerable to earthquakes and to define recurring deficiencies for the various categories. The main reasons of the damage to historical buildings can be ascribed to lack of effective connections between orthogonal walls, poor connections and excessive flexibility of floor diaphragms. The main lacks observed in the precast facilities were the absence of mechanical connections between precast elements and the great flexibility of vertical elements inducing large horizontal displacements.
M. Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; D. Torreggiani; P. Tassinari. Damages to Rural Buildings and Facilities Observed in the Aftermath of 2012 Emilia Earthquakes. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 323 -331.
AMA StyleM. Bovo, Alberto Barbaresi, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari. Damages to Rural Buildings and Facilities Observed in the Aftermath of 2012 Emilia Earthquakes. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():323-331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; D. Torreggiani; P. Tassinari. 2020. "Damages to Rural Buildings and Facilities Observed in the Aftermath of 2012 Emilia Earthquakes." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 323-331.
In May 2012, two seismic events hit the Emilia-Romagna Region, in Northern Italy. The earthquakes caused collapses and damage to traditional vernacular building heritage, highlighting its seismic high vulnerability. The paper presents a wide collection of damage and collapses observed in the aftermath field inspections on 22 historical vernacular buildings. It was noted that few recurring structural typologies are present in the area hit by earthquake and buildings of the same typology show similar damage mechanisms. Then, with the main goal to identify the most typical damage affecting similar structures, the building stock has been subdivided in different categories based on building plan distribution and intended use. The principal collapse causes, based both on in-field observations and analyses, performed on local and global finite element models, can be ascribed to poor connections between orthogonal walls, lack of effective connections between floor elements and walls, excessive flexibility of floor diaphragms and high slenderness of vertical elements. The outcomes in the present paper allow identifying the vernacular building typologies most vulnerable to earthquake and can help to plan the future retrofitting strategies for vernacular heritage.
Marco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. Collapse and damage to vernacular buildings induced by 2012 Emilia earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2019, 18, 1049 -1080.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Alberto Barbaresi, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari. Collapse and damage to vernacular buildings induced by 2012 Emilia earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2019; 18 (3):1049-1080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. 2019. "Collapse and damage to vernacular buildings induced by 2012 Emilia earthquakes." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 3: 1049-1080.
The industrialization after World War II marked a severe discontinuity between rural heritage and contemporary farm buildings. Rural landscapes have thus become more and more uniform; historical buildings are often abandoned and degraded, while contemporary buildings are often disconnected from their surrounding environment. Besides aiming to protect and restore rural heritage—more and more acknowledged as a common good contributing to societal identity—attention should be paid to increasing the quality of new buildings, a crucial issue to improve landscape quality in everyday landscape contexts. Based on a series of previous studies carried out to develop and test a robust methodology allowing the analysis of the main formal features of rural buildings, organized in a comprehensive framework known as the FarmBuiLD model (Farm Building Landscape Design), this study aims to perform an integrated and compared analysis of sets of traditional and contemporary rural buildings through experimental trials on an Italian case study. In particular, the study focuses on defining and measuring indexes allowing the quantification of the level of consistency of contemporary buildings with the traditional typologies. A contemporary farm building is evaluated based on the distance of each of its formal features from those which proved to be representative of the corresponding traditional building type, evaluated through a cluster analysis of the typological characters of traditional buildings in the study area. The results showed that different degrees of dissonance can be detected. Similarities have been found, in particular with respect to the shape of buildings and their closure with regards to landscape. The major dissonances are related to the perception of buildings as flattened on the ground, due to their excessively elongated shape, and in the case of buildings completely permeable to landscape, this being necessary for structural purposes and for the type of use of historic buildings. The expected impact of this study is to provide designers and planners with indicators allowing the evaluation, on an objective basis, of the level of consistency of new buildings with local rural heritage, thus supporting both design phases and project evaluation as well as building management processes (maintenance, restoration, extension, change in use, etc.).
Stefano Benni; Elisabetta Carfagna; Daniele Torreggiani; Elisabetta Maino; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari. Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4242 .
AMA StyleStefano Benni, Elisabetta Carfagna, Daniele Torreggiani, Elisabetta Maino, Marco Bovo, Patrizia Tassinari. Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Benni; Elisabetta Carfagna; Daniele Torreggiani; Elisabetta Maino; Marco Bovo; Patrizia Tassinari. 2019. "Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4242.
The rural landscape is undergoing rapid changes, and catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, can speed up this mutation, bringing to a loss of its traditional signs. In May 2012, two strong seismic events hit the Emilia Romagna region, in northern Italy. Those earthquakes caused several damages and collapses to historical rural buildings, highlighting their high seismic vulnerability. In this paper, damages and collapses collected in the aftermath surveys on 22 rural historical buildings, are presented and commented. It was observed that in the area hit by the earthquake few recurrent typologies are present, and buildings of the same typology showed similar damage mechanisms. Therefore, in order to define the most typical damages affecting rural constructions, the building stock has been classified in different categories, based on plan distribution and intended use of each building. The first criterion suggests considering isolated and composed buildings. The second separates the structures in dwellings for residential use, stable-haylofts and buildings used for other minor services. The outcomes presented in this paper allowed to identify the rural building typologies most vulnerable to earthquakes and to define recurring deficiencies for the various categories. In general, the main reasons of the collapses can be ascribed to lack of effective connections between orthogonal walls, poor connections between floor elements and walls, and excessive flexibility of floor diaphragms.
Marco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. Report on earthquake-induced failures of rural buildings aimed at future preservation strategies. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2019, 50, 66 -79.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Alberto Barbaresi, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari. Report on earthquake-induced failures of rural buildings aimed at future preservation strategies. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2019; 50 (2):66-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Alberto Barbaresi; Daniele Torreggiani; Patrizia Tassinari. 2019. "Report on earthquake-induced failures of rural buildings aimed at future preservation strategies." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 50, no. 2: 66-79.
In the framework of uncertainty propagation in seismic analyses, most of the research efforts were devoted to quantifying and reducing uncertainties related to seismic input. However, also uncertainties associated to the definition of constitutive models must be taken into account, in order to have a reliable estimate of the total uncertainty in structural response. The present paper, by means of incremental dynamic analyses on reinforced concrete frames, evaluates the effect of the epistemic uncertainty for plastic-hinges hysteretic models selection. Eleven different hysteretic models, identified based on literature data, were used and seismic fragility curves were obtained for three different levels of maximum interstorey drift ratio. Finally, by means of analysis of variance techniques, the paper shows that the uncertainty associated to the hysteretic model definition has a magnitude similar to that due to record-to-record variability.
Marco Bovo; Nicola Buratti. Evaluation of the variability contribution due to epistemic uncertainty on constitutive models in the definition of fragility curves of RC frames. Engineering Structures 2019, 188, 700 -716.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Nicola Buratti. Evaluation of the variability contribution due to epistemic uncertainty on constitutive models in the definition of fragility curves of RC frames. Engineering Structures. 2019; 188 ():700-716.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Nicola Buratti. 2019. "Evaluation of the variability contribution due to epistemic uncertainty on constitutive models in the definition of fragility curves of RC frames." Engineering Structures 188, no. : 700-716.
The paper presents the numerical analysis performed for interpreting structural behavior of an historical masonry storehouse in Trieste, Italy. The large complex subject of the study is dated back to XIX Century and it is nowadays disused and in an advanced state of deterioration. The monumental building, after a detailed survey defining geometry and characteristics, were extensively tested by means of a comprehensive experimental campaign conducted on its walls, foundations and arches. The main outcomes of the in-situ and laboratory tests allowed to defining the properties and the behavior of some structural elements. The collected experimental data allowed defining and calibrating of detailed finite element models (global and partial) of the building composed of walls, columns, arches and vaults. The main goals of the modelling were the calibration of global material parameters to obtain a correct interpretation of the experimental tests conducted and the study of behaviour and capacity of the building when subject to horizontal loadings, such those due to a seismic excitation. Furthermore, nonlinear analyses were performed to estimate the ductility of the stonework arches-vaults system, taking also into account, or excluding, the flexibility of the foundation system.
Marco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. Numerical Interpretation of Structural Behavior of Stone Arches of Historical Storehouses Building. RILEM Bookseries 2019, 1519 -1527.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Claudio Mazzotti, Marco Savoia. Numerical Interpretation of Structural Behavior of Stone Arches of Historical Storehouses Building. RILEM Bookseries. 2019; ():1519-1527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. 2019. "Numerical Interpretation of Structural Behavior of Stone Arches of Historical Storehouses Building." RILEM Bookseries , no. : 1519-1527.
Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites are a relatively new strengthening system family, whose mechanical behavior is strongly affected by the wide array of possible inorganic matrices and composites fabrics that can be used and coupled together. Structural tests highlighted that global capacity of the system is strongly affected by fabric-matrix adhesion mechanism. In the present paper, the experimental results of tensile and single-lap shear tests, aimed to define mechanical properties of four FRCM types, are discussed and compared. For each system type, the failure modes for both types of test have been physically identified and clarified. The following development of detailed finite element models, carefully reproducing the mechanical behavior of the different layers of the strengthening system, allowed for the proposal of a reliable shear stress-slip relation for the fiber-matrix interface. The experimental outcomes showed the relevant dispersion of the results in terms of performance, effectiveness and failure mechanisms exhibited by the different FRCM types while the numerical interpretation allowed for a better understanding of the reasons and the parameters behind them.
Alessandro Bellini; Marco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti. Experimental and numerical evaluation of fiber-matrix interface behaviour of different FRCM systems. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018, 161, 411 -426.
AMA StyleAlessandro Bellini, Marco Bovo, Claudio Mazzotti. Experimental and numerical evaluation of fiber-matrix interface behaviour of different FRCM systems. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 161 ():411-426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Bellini; Marco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti. 2018. "Experimental and numerical evaluation of fiber-matrix interface behaviour of different FRCM systems." Composites Part B: Engineering 161, no. : 411-426.
In many documented cases, reinforced concrete precast structures collapse during strong earthquakes was ascribed to the combination of horizontal and vertical ground motion components. In fact, the vertical component can increase significantly the axial compression in columns, with a reduction of the section ductility of the columns subject to bending induced by horizontal forces. The vertical components can have also detrimental effect at the beam – column connection level. Starting from these evidence, the effects of the vertical seismic component in reinforced concrete precast buildings are investigated here. In particular, the attention is devoted to the assessment of the fluctuations of the axial force in columns and vertical forces at the beam – column connection level. The paper reports the main outcomes of a series of nonlinear time-history analyses performed on 48 finite element models representative of the behaviour of existing precast structures with hinged connections and single or multi-bay, single or multi-storey, characterized by strong connection-weak column failure mechanisms. Far fault and near fault excitation types have been considered. Pulse-type velocity records were further considered in order to identify if they can cause possible amplification of seismic effects. Numerical outcomes are reported in terms of force response of a synthetic parameter α, ratio between vertical force induced by ground motion and that due to gravitational load. For this ratio, an analytical expression is proposed and calibrated based on numerical results. The proposed analytical relation, valid for the class of studied buildings, can be considered for design purpose as a more reliable alternative to the response spectra analysis with the current version of design vertical spectra of the Eurocode to assess the vertical force fluctuations on columns and connections. Lastly, different seismic intensity measures are considered in order to define the best predictor of the seismic vertical force fluctuations expected for this class of buildings.
Marco Bovo; Marco Savoia. Evaluation of force fluctuations induced by vertical seismic component on reinforced concrete precast structures. Engineering Structures 2018, 178, 70 -87.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Marco Savoia. Evaluation of force fluctuations induced by vertical seismic component on reinforced concrete precast structures. Engineering Structures. 2018; 178 ():70-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Marco Savoia. 2018. "Evaluation of force fluctuations induced by vertical seismic component on reinforced concrete precast structures." Engineering Structures 178, no. : 70-87.
The paper describes the failure scenario of a precast building that collapsed during the 2012 Emilia earthquake. By means of time-history analyses on a detailed finite-element model, the dynamic behavior of the structure was investigated and the most reliable causes producing the seismic collapse were established. All collapse mechanisms (column failures induced by exceeding the shear force capacity, attainment of ultimate chord rotation, equilibrium instability of columns due to second-order effects and loss of support due to sliding at the double-tee slab-beam and beam-column friction-based supports) were monitored for the whole earthquake duration. The collapse scenario obtained from the interpretation of numerical results was compared with that suggested by the in situ inspection, confirming that friction-based supports (with absence of connection mechanical devices), typically adopted in Italy in precast technology when no seismic design provisions were prescribed, are inadequate to carry medium-high horizontal seismic loading. The modeling criteria and the procedure adopted for safety checks until the attainment of a collapse condition are presented and discussed.
Marco Bovo; Marco Savoia. Numerical Simulation of Seismic-Induced Failure of a Precast Structure during the Emilia Earthquake. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 2018, 32, 04017119 .
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Marco Savoia. Numerical Simulation of Seismic-Induced Failure of a Precast Structure during the Emilia Earthquake. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2018; 32 (1):04017119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Marco Savoia. 2018. "Numerical Simulation of Seismic-Induced Failure of a Precast Structure during the Emilia Earthquake." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 32, no. 1: 04017119.
In order to properly design strengthening intervention of existing buildings, careful assessment of the structural behavior is certainly required. This is particularly important when dealing with historical constructions made of heterogeneous materials like masonry or stonework. In this context, this paper presents the results of knowledge process on a large monumental nineteenth century building located in Trieste. The traditional investigation approach considering a wide number of destructive tests for characterization of materials and evaluation of the structural details were not admissible due to the valuable cultural and historical importance of the building. Therefore, an alternative and not conventional investigation approach has been considered. After a wide historical research and a detailed structural survey, it has been possible to identify the main structural systems of the building. Then, to characterize the structural response, a limited number of nondestructive tests but on full-scale typological systems have been preferred to a larger number of destructive tests on specimens of the different materials. The selected experimental load tests have been conducted in order to assess the actual structural response of the main systems that constitute the building, thus allowing for a fine tuning of both the rehabilitation interventions and the numerical finite element models.
Marco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. Structural Characterization of an Historical Building by Means of Experimental Tests on Full-Scale Elements. Advances in Civil Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Claudio Mazzotti, Marco Savoia. Structural Characterization of an Historical Building by Means of Experimental Tests on Full-Scale Elements. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. 2017. "Structural Characterization of an Historical Building by Means of Experimental Tests on Full-Scale Elements." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017, no. : 1-15.
Recent seismic events showed the dramatic need, especially in case of historical and existing buildings, of important strengthening activities to be carried out. In order to properly design them, a careful assessment of real structural behaviour and load-carrying capacity of these buildings is strongly required. This is particularly important when dealing with constructions made of heterogeneous materials like masonry or stonework, where often conventional analysis techniques do not behave satisfactorily. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental and numerical investigation on historical stone arches and vaults. A series of in-situ tests were carried out on different types of stone arches belonging to a large building of the XIX century, with the purpose of investigating their mechanical response and obtaining the structural behaviour of stonework under different types of in-plane loads. The experimental results were compared with the numerical solutions obtained by a detailed finite element model of a portion of the structure. Numerical linear and non-linear FE analyses were conducted in order to reproduce the experimental tests and analyse the interaction between series of arches that are linked by cross vault or tunnel vault. Finally, non-linear analyses with vertical and horizontal loads were carried out with the scope of simulating the seismic effect and to verify the ductility of this type of vaulted structures.
Marco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. Structural Behaviour of Historical Stone Arches and Vaults: Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses. Key Engineering Materials 2014, 628, 43 -48.
AMA StyleMarco Bovo, Claudio Mazzotti, Marco Savoia. Structural Behaviour of Historical Stone Arches and Vaults: Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses. Key Engineering Materials. 2014; 628 ():43-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bovo; Claudio Mazzotti; Marco Savoia. 2014. "Structural Behaviour of Historical Stone Arches and Vaults: Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses." Key Engineering Materials 628, no. : 43-48.