Methoxyphenols, as the main products and tracers of biomass burning, have been demonstrated to play an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols. However, their chemical transformation and migration in the atmosphere haven't been well characterized. In this study, detailed gas-phase reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three representative methoxyphenols (guaiacol, creosol and syringol) with OH radicals were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The initial reactions of methoxyphenols with OH radicals proceed via two different patterns, including OH-addition and H-atom abstraction. Subsequent reaction schemes of the active intermediates in the presence of O₂/NO_x are thoughtfully modeled. Catechol, methyl glyoxylate, malealdehyde and carbonyl or carboxyl compounds were confirmed as the dominant oxidation products for guaiacol. As a supplementary study, the formation pathways for the expected products nitroguaiacol and nitrocatechol were presented in high-NO₂ conditions. Total and individual rate coefficients are calculated using the MESMER program at 294 K and 1 atm. The lifetimes of guaiacol, creosol and syringol were estimated to be 4.27, 3.56 and 2.98 hours, respectively, which are strongly competitive with the solar photolysis of methoxyphenols.

Surface-oxidized vanadium nitride transforms into Zn₃V₂O₇(OH)₂-based materials with oxygen defects by electrochemical conversion, which act as cathodes for high performance aqueous zinc ion batteries.

Aromatic acids, which are generated from numerous anthropogenic emissions and secondary transformations, have been considered to play a crucial role in new particle formation. In this study, we performed theoretical calculations at the PW91PW91/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level to investigate the interaction between typical aromatic acids namely benzoic acid (BA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), phthalic acid (PA), isophthalic acid (mPA), and terephthalic acid (PTA) and common atmospheric nucleation precursors namely sulfuric acid (SA), water (H₂O), ammonia (NH₃), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA). The geometric analysis, Gibbs free energy analysis, OH/NH-stretching vibrational frequency calculation, and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis were conducted to determine the interactions in the complexes. The heterodimers formed a six to eight membered ring through four types of hydrogen bond, and the bond strength could be ranked in descending order: SO–H⋯O > O–H⋯O/N > N–H⋯O. The BA/PAA/mPA/PTA–SA complexes had the lowest Gibbs free energy values. PA was more likely to interact with NH₃ or amines rather than SA due to an intra-molecular hydrogen bond. Additionally, the aromatic acids have similar ability to interact with SA and NH₃ as monocarboxylic/dicarboxylic acid. The formation potential of the heterodimers from aromatic acids with common nucleation precursors in ambient atmosphere was investigated.