Food contaminants are challenging the food industry due to the inefficiency of conventional decontamination techniques. Cold plasma as an emerging technique for the degradation of food contaminants attracted notable attention. The current study overviews the plasma-induced degradation of food contaminants, discusses the mechanisms involved, points its benefits and drawbacks out, highlights the research needed in this area, and explores future trends. According to the literature, cold plasma efficiently degraded many common pesticides (e.g. parathion, paraoxon, omethoate, dichlorvos, malathion, azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos) and food allergens (e.g. tropomyosin, b-conglycinin, glycinin, trypsin inhibitor, and Kunitztype trypsin inhibitor). These degradations occurred primarily due to the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the plasma that attack the chemical bonds of food contaminants. The type of pesticide degrades are highly dependent on the concentrations of plasma-generated ROS and RNS. Research showed that several parameters, such as plasma generation device, plasma exposure time, plasma power, and the carrier gas composition, influence the type and concentration of reactive species (e.g. ROS and RNS) and the overall efficiency of cold plasma degradation for a specific pesticide or allergen.