Introduction. The risk of metabolic abnormalities is greatly increased in schizophrenic patients started on an atypical antipsychotic medication. Patients with psychiatric disorders exceed mortality ranges resulting from, among others, increased risk of cardiovascular events. Other factors contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome include prolonged duration of illness, increasing age, female sex and lifestyle factors. Objective. This cross-sectional study was taken up to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenic patients receiving olanzapine monotherapy for at least six months and to determine the most important risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome presence in these patients. Methods. A total of 93 long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients (71 men, 22 women), had a screening of the following: case-history data, psychiatric scales, anthropometric measures, blood (fasting glucose, lipid status, C-reactive protein - CRP) and urine samples (microalbuminuria). Results. Prevalence of MetS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria in our study was 34.4%. The multivariate analysis distinguished the following significant predictors of MetS presence (in order of appearance): data about diabetes mellitus in family history (p=0.002), body mass index >25 kg/m2 (p=0.002), hyperlipidemia in family history (p=0.008), and elevated CRP value (p=0.042). Conclusion. High rate of MetS in patients treated with olanzapine in this study exceeds MetS prevalence in general population. Among observed parameters, our study pointed to several ?high risk? predictors associated with MetS presence. Regular monitoring of cardiometabolic risk factors is highly recommended. Positive heredity distress mentioned above may direct a psychiatrist to prescribe some other drug than olanzapine in the long term treatment of schizophrenia.

This detailed review focuses on retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), a particularly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and complex presentation. By documenting a new case of retroperitoneal UPS and conducting a comprehensive review of all known cases, this article aims to expand the existing body of knowledge on the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment strategies associated with this rare disease. The complexity of diagnosing UPS is emphasized given that it rarely occurs in the retroperitoneal space and its histological and molecular complexity often complicates its recognition. This review highlights the need for specialized diagnostic approaches, including advanced imaging techniques and histopathological studies, to accurately diagnose and stage the disease. In terms of treatment, this paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and tailors it to individual patients to optimize treatment outcomes. This review highlights case studies that illustrate the effectiveness of surgical intervention in the treatment of these tumors and emphasize the importance of achieving clear surgical margins to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential of new molecular targets and the need for innovative therapies that could bring new hope to patients affected by this challenging sarcoma.

Introduction: A lipoma is a benign tumor of the adipose tissue and the most common tumor of the subcutaneous tissue which is most commonly found on the trunk. It appears as a round or oval subcutaneous mass of soft consistency, which is not attached to the skin or to the deeper tissues. Its growth can cause compressive symptoms, the most common being pain and paresthesia. Case report: Considering the fact that lipomas very rarely occur in the hand and foot, in this paper we present a case of a large lipoma in the hand of a 70-year-old female patient, with a subcutaneous tumor, in the area of the ulnar side of the left palm, and the pain and tingling in the fourth and fifth finger. Longitudinal incision on the medial side of the palm and transversal incision up to the proximal palmar crease were performed under general endotracheal anesthesia. The extirpated tumor was, due to its dimensions (5.6 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm), categorized as a giant hand lipoma. A histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. Conclusion: A hand lipoma requires surgical treatment exclusively, involving a qualified hand surgeon, which is important because of the high functional and aesthetic importance of the hand.

Introduction. Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, also known as Trevor?s disease, is an extremely rare skeletal developmental disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by an osteocartilaginous outgrowth of one or more epiphyses or of a tarsal bone during childhood. Case report. We presented a sporadic case of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica developed in the talus. A 6- year-old boy complained of swelling of his right ankle joint, with painful and reduced movements. Radiographies suggested excessive overgrowth of the dorsomedial aspect of the talus. The tumor was surgically excised and the gross and histological findings were consistent with those of osteochondroma. Conclusion. Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica is diagnosed by clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. Early diagnosis is important for the condition to be treated before the deformity becomes disabling.

Introduction. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a rare, prognostically bad tumor category. Primary, it can be localized in every organ, even in the ovary, where, due to its clinical specificities, it represents a challenge in diagnosis, as well as in therapy. Small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCOC) is biologically very aggressive malignant tumor of unknown histogenesis. We presented a rare case of SCOC with hypercalcemia of aggressive course and fatal outcome in a postmenopausal woman at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Ia stage. Case report. A 60-year-old woman, Caucasian, came to the doctor because of discomfort in the lower abdomen and pain of greater intensity in last few days. Ultrasound examination and CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of large adnexal masses of cystic-solid appearance with the largest diameter of 13 cm, regular structure of the other gynecological organs, without verifying the existence of metastatic deposits. All the results of laboratory analysis gave normal values, except for calcium, which was elevated. Explorative laparotomy with complete hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, dissection of lymph nodes and omentectomy were conducted. Based on pathohistological analysis of the operative material, SCOC at FIGO Ia stage was diagnosed. No complications were observed in a postsurgery period and after 10 days the patient was discharged in a good condition and with normal calcemia. The treatment was continued with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, in spite of overall treatment, the disease progressed, and the patient died of disseminated metastatic disease, 26 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion. Small cell carcinoma localized in the ovary is generally a tumor category with bad prognosis depending on the stage of the disease.