This study investigates the influence of oil price shocks on GDP per capita, exchange rate, and total trade turnover in Azerbaijan using the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) method to data collected from 1992 to 2019. The estimation results of the SVAR method conclude that oil price shocks (rise in oil prices) affect GDP per capita and total trade turnover positively, whereas its influence on the exchange rate is negative in the case of Azerbaijan. According to results of this study, Azerbaijan and similar oil-exporting countries should reduce the dependence of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and total trade turnover from oil resources and its prices in the global market. Therefore, these countries should attempt to the diversification of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and other sources of total trade turnover.

The importance of sustainable consumption requires understanding and studying the factors that influence consumer preferences. This study contributes to the understanding of intergenerational differences in the factors that drive consumers toward sustainable consumption in Azerbaijan. In this research, 200 sustainable consumers were first interviewed and the factors that pushed them to sustainable consumption were listed. According to the answers received, these factors were ecological concerns, health concerns and subjective norms. Based on these approaches, a survey was conducted among 1380 sustainable consumers in 2022 and analyzed which of these factors had the greater impact among Generations X, Y and Z. The results obtained using ANOVA revealed that ecological and health issues differed across generations, while subjective norms did not vary across generations.

In the study; the eco-entrepreneurship and environmental sensitivity of companies operating in Azerbaijan were examined within the scope of environmental practices. For this purpose, companies operating in the country were invited to participate in a survey, and their sensitivity to the environment was examined from four main dimensions—consumption, production, financial, and technology. The mentioned dimensions were analyzed according to four aspects; namely, business field of activity, business size, operating year, and the level of implementation of environmentally friendly policies. According to the results of a one-way analysis of variance, carried out by field of activity, operating year, and the level of implementation of eco-friendly policy; it was found that there was no group that significantly differed from the overall group mean. A difference was found only in terms of the size of the enterprise. The study found that large businesses were more aware of environmental sensitivity than small- and medium-sized businesses.

Based on survey data from 320 Azerbaijani enterprises operating across the organic product value chain—including producers, sellers, and key supporting firms such as logistics, financial, and ICT service providers—this study investigates how digital platform capability influences firms’ innovation and performance outcomes and their perceived high-quality economic development within an emerging digital economy context. Four constructs—Digital Platform Capability, Enterprise Digital Transformation, Innovation and Performance Outcomes, and Perceived High-Quality Economic Development—are measured using multi-item Likert scales. Confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) are employed to test the proposed relationships. The results show that Digital Platform Capability exerts a strong positive effect on Innovation and Performance Outcomes (β = 0.574) and on Perceived High-Quality Economic Development (β = 0.512). In addition, Innovation and Performance Outcomes have a direct positive impact on Perceived High-Quality Economic Development (β = 0.313). Mediation analysis further indicates that Enterprise Digital Transformation partially mediates this relationship, transmitting approximately 52% of the total effect of Innovation and Performance Outcomes on Perceived High-Quality Economic Development. These findings underscore digital transformation as a key structural mechanism through which firm-level innovation and performance contribute to broader perceptions of high-quality economic development. The study provides novel empirical evidence from Azerbaijan and offers practical implications for digital policy design and enterprise strategies aimed at promoting innovation-driven, inclusive, and sustainable growth.

This study examines how external regulatory conditions and internal organizational capabilities shape corporate tax compliance among foreign investment enterprises (FIEs) in Azerbaijan. It develops an integrated framework that brings together enforcement-based factors, tax planning capacity, and institutional and governance quality. Using survey data from 266 foreign-owned firms, the study applies structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyse direct, mediating, and moderating relationships. The results show that stronger enforcement is associated with higher levels of compliance and encourages firms to develop tax planning capabilities. In turn, these capabilities contribute positively to compliance behaviour. The findings also indicate that tax planning capacity partially mediates the relationship between enforcement and compliance. In addition, institutional and governance quality moderates the link between enforcement and tax planning capacity, with the effect varying across institutional environments. Overall, the results suggest that corporate tax compliance is influenced not only by external regulatory pressure but also by firms’ internal capabilities and the broader institutional context. The study provides useful insights for policymakers seeking to improve compliance through coordinated regulatory and institutional reforms.

Climate change and the transition toward sustainable development have increased interest in the institutional and psychological factors shaping sustainable consumption behavior. This study investigates how perceived government regulation, perceived corporate environmental responsibility, sustainable production practices, perceived digital environmental transparency, and eco-anxiety jointly influence sustainable consumption behavior among eco-conscious producer-consumers in Azerbaijan. Data were obtained from 425 eco-conscious producer-consumers through a structured questionnaire, and the proposed research model was empirically examined using Structural Equation Modeling. The findings indicate that perceived government regulation positively influences perceived corporate environmental responsibility, which subsequently enhances sustainable production practices. However, sustainable production practices do not exert a significant direct effect on sustainable consumption behavior. The results further demonstrate that perceived digital environmental transparency partially mediates the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and sustainable consumption behavior, while eco-anxiety positively moderates the relationship between perceived government regulation and sustainable consumption behavior. These findings suggest that self-reported sustainable consumption behavior is shaped by individuals’ perceptions of institutional and organizational sustainability signals, perceived transparency of sustainability communication, and psychological responses to environmental challenges. The study contributes to the sustainability literature by providing evidence from eco-conscious producer-consumers in an emerging sustainability-transition context and highlights the importance of integrating governance, corporate responsibility, digital transparency, and environmental concern within a unified analytical framework.