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Although inorganic and organic manures with high concentrations of heavy metals can lead to accumulation or contamination of heavy metals in soils, there are few reports on the effects of long-term application of swine and green manures on the accumulation of heavy metals in rice grains in paddy soils. A long-term field experiment, which was established in 1990 in paddy soil in Hangzhou, China, was used to investigate the effects of inorganic and organic manures on the availability and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and uptake by rice plant. The results showed that long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash (NPK) plus green manure or swine manure, and swine manure only increased 202%, 146%, and 100% for total Cd, and 5.5%, 7.6%, and 6.6% for total Cu in rice grains, respectively compared to the control without fertilization. Total Zn in rice grain was significantly increased by 13.9% for the treatment of NPK plus green manure. The accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grains after long-term application of swine and green manures is due to the combined effects of the increased concentrations of total and EDTA extractable Cd, Zn, and Cu in soil and the changes of soil properties. Furthermore, the highest bioconcentration factor for Cd was found in the treatment of NPK plus green manure while for Zn and Cu it was observed in NPK treatment. Thus, it may be concluded that green manure and manure with increased Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grain results in a potential risk of metal accumulation in paddy soils.
Babar Hussain; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Yi Chen; Chunyan Wu; Aman Ullah; Nazia Tahir. A Field Evidence of Cd, Zn and Cu Accumulation in Soil and Rice Grains after Long-Term (27 Years) Application of Swine and Green Manures in a Paddy Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2404 .
AMA StyleBabar Hussain, Jumei Li, Yibing Ma, Yi Chen, Chunyan Wu, Aman Ullah, Nazia Tahir. A Field Evidence of Cd, Zn and Cu Accumulation in Soil and Rice Grains after Long-Term (27 Years) Application of Swine and Green Manures in a Paddy Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabar Hussain; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Yi Chen; Chunyan Wu; Aman Ullah; Nazia Tahir. 2021. "A Field Evidence of Cd, Zn and Cu Accumulation in Soil and Rice Grains after Long-Term (27 Years) Application of Swine and Green Manures in a Paddy Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2404.
A high concentration of toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the paddy soils and its translocation and subsequent accumulation in the rice grain and the food chain is a global environmental issue. Mechanistic understanding of soil properties that affects the uptake and translocation of Cd in rice may help to reduce Cd uptake by rice plants and its accumulation in the grains. This review discusses the known and unknown soil and plant factors involved in the transportation of Cd from the soil through roots into rice grains. Various management practices to remediate Cd from contaminated soil are known, but only a few of these technologies are practically applicable in the field. The use of effective, ecofriendly, and natural resource-based remediation practices and understanding of their underlying mechanism is indispensable. The translocation of Cd from soil to rice roots may be reduced by controlling soil pH and redox potential through wise management of nutrients and water. The uptake and translocation of Cd and its accumulation in rice grains may be reduced by developing genotypes restricting Cd uptake. This can be achieved through breeding and identifying Cd tolerant genes followed by knocking out and/or editing these genes via CRISPR/Cas9 technique.
Babar Hussain; Muhammad Jawad Umer; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Yawar Abbas; Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf; Nazia Tahir; Aman Ullah; Nirmali Gogoi; Muhammad Farooq. Strategies for reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 286, 125557 .
AMA StyleBabar Hussain, Muhammad Jawad Umer, Jumei Li, Yibing Ma, Yawar Abbas, Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, Nazia Tahir, Aman Ullah, Nirmali Gogoi, Muhammad Farooq. Strategies for reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 286 ():125557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabar Hussain; Muhammad Jawad Umer; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Yawar Abbas; Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf; Nazia Tahir; Aman Ullah; Nirmali Gogoi; Muhammad Farooq. 2020. "Strategies for reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains." Journal of Cleaner Production 286, no. : 125557.
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are nutritional components of rice, plays an important role in its physiological processes and can minimize absorption of cadmium (Cd) in rice. Fe, Mn, and Cd transporters such as CAL1, OsNRAMP5, OsNRAMP1, OsIRT1, OsHMA3, and OsNAAT1 regulate uptake of Cd in rice. However, the effect of exogenous application of Fe, and Mn on the accumulation of Cd and relative expression (RE) of these transporters in rice has not been investigated. Therefore, a hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of Fe and Mn on Cd uptake and RE of these transporters in rice. The results showed that the Fe and Mn application significantly decreased Cd in the roots and shoots of rice. Whereas, Cd concentration in the rice significantly increased with increasing Cd concentration in the solution. The addition of manganese in the culture medium can reduce the cadmium content of rice roots by 11.9–82.3% and shoots by 11.6–85.0%, while the addition of iron in the culture medium can reduce the cadmium content of rice roots and shoots by 26–65% and 9–683% respectively. Meanwhile, application of sufficient doses of Fe and Cd in solution culture increased RE of CAL1, OsNRAMP5, OsNRAMP1, OsIRT1, and OsNAAT1 in roots, whereas expression level of OsHMA3 was decreased. Similarly, expression level of CAL1, OsNRAMP5, and OsNRAMP1 significantly increased in roots in high Cd and Mn deficient treatments. This may be concluded that the Cd increases expression of CAL1, OsNRAMP5, OsNRAMP1, OsIRT1, and OsNAAT1 but decreases OsHMA3 expression in rice roots, which resulted in increased Cd uptake in hydroponically grown rice.
Babar Hussain; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Nazia Tahir; Aman Ullah. Effects of Fe and Mn cations on Cd uptake by rice plant in hydroponic culture experiment. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0243174 .
AMA StyleBabar Hussain, Jumei Li, Yibing Ma, Nazia Tahir, Aman Ullah. Effects of Fe and Mn cations on Cd uptake by rice plant in hydroponic culture experiment. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (12):e0243174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabar Hussain; Jumei Li; Yibing Ma; Nazia Tahir; Aman Ullah. 2020. "Effects of Fe and Mn cations on Cd uptake by rice plant in hydroponic culture experiment." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12: e0243174.
Contamination of paddy soils with heavy metals and metalloids poses a risk to human health through the food chain. For safe agricultural production in contaminated paddy soils, “in situ” remediation through the unavailability of heavy metals from contaminated soils was investigated in order to develop cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches for soils contaminated with complexed heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids. In the present study, the effectiveness of different soil amendments, including sulfur-containing materials (hair or cysteine), manganese compounds as an antagonist and an oxidant, zeolite and iron oxide as adsorbents, and their combinations through coating or modification, was investigated by a pot experiment with rice plants and chemical analysis. Two levels of each treatment were made, termed X1 and X2, which were a single and double dose of each treatment respectively, while CaCO3 was used as a basal and pH enhancement amendment in all treatments to identify the best combination of the above treatments in the in situ remediation of heavy metals and metalloids. The rice plants were kept under the flooded condition. Results indicated that the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in soil was significantly decreased with level two (X2) of iron oxide coated with modified hairs (T7X2) followed by level two (X2) of zeolite coated with KMnO4. The iron oxide coated with modified hairs (X2) decreased the concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in rice plants in the order Pb ˃ As ˃ Cr ˃ Cd by 81%, 80%, 79% and 46%, respectively, followed by zeolite coated with KMnO4 (X2) in the order Pb ˃ As ˃ Cr ˃ Cd by 78%, 76%, 71%, and 31%, respectively, to control. The available content of these elements in soil was decreased in the order As > Cr> Pb > Cd by 67%, 66%, 64% and 60%, respectively, through iron oxide coated with modified hairs, followed by zeolite coated with KMnO4 in the order Pb ˃ Cr ˃ Cd ˃ As by 57%, 53%, 50%, and 46%, respectively, to control, which can explain the decreased bioavailability by these amendments. In addition, the maximum shoot dry and leaf area were noticed in the pots treated with iron oxide coated with modified hairs and zeolite coated with KMnO4. There is potential to use modified hairs (MHs) with iron oxide and KMnO4-coated zeolite as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient “in situ” remediation technology for As, Cd, Pb, and Cr-contaminated rice paddy soils, especially for the soils with complex contamination by Cd and As.
Aman Ullah; Yibing Ma; Jumei Li; Nazia Tahir; Babar Hussain. Effective Amendments on Cadmium, Arsenic, Chromium and Lead Contaminated Paddy Soil for Rice Safety. Agronomy 2020, 10, 359 .
AMA StyleAman Ullah, Yibing Ma, Jumei Li, Nazia Tahir, Babar Hussain. Effective Amendments on Cadmium, Arsenic, Chromium and Lead Contaminated Paddy Soil for Rice Safety. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAman Ullah; Yibing Ma; Jumei Li; Nazia Tahir; Babar Hussain. 2020. "Effective Amendments on Cadmium, Arsenic, Chromium and Lead Contaminated Paddy Soil for Rice Safety." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 359.