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Haengdueng Jeong
Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Toxics
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Biocides are commonly used as spray- or trigger-type formulations, thus dermal and respiratory exposure to biocide aerosol is unavoidable. However, little is known about the impact of aerosolization on the local toxicity of biocides on the skin or the airway. We compared the local toxicity of biocides after direct or aerosol exposure on reconstructed human skin epidermis and upper airway models. Three biocides, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), and 2-phenylphenol (OPP), most widely used in the market were selected. When the biocide was treated in aerosols, toxicity to the skin epidermis and upper airway tissue became significantly attenuated compared with the direct application as determined by the higher tissue viabilities. This was further confirmed in histological examination, wherein the tissue damages were less pronounced. LC-MS/MS and GC/MS analysis revealed that concentrations of biocides decreased during aerosolization. Importantly, the toxicity of biocides treated in 3 μm (median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)) aerosols was stronger than that of 5 μm aerosol, suggesting that the aerosol particle size may affect biocide toxicity. Collectively, we demonstrated that aerosolization could affect the local toxicity of biocides on the skin epidermis and the upper airway.

ACS Style

Nahyun Lee; Dae Jang; Do Lee; Haengdueng Jeong; Ki Nam; Dal-Woong Choi; Kyung-Min Lim. Local Toxicity of Biocides after Direct and Aerosol Exposure on the Human Skin Epidermis and Airway Tissue Models. Toxics 2021, 9, 29 .

AMA Style

Nahyun Lee, Dae Jang, Do Lee, Haengdueng Jeong, Ki Nam, Dal-Woong Choi, Kyung-Min Lim. Local Toxicity of Biocides after Direct and Aerosol Exposure on the Human Skin Epidermis and Airway Tissue Models. Toxics. 2021; 9 (2):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nahyun Lee; Dae Jang; Do Lee; Haengdueng Jeong; Ki Nam; Dal-Woong Choi; Kyung-Min Lim. 2021. "Local Toxicity of Biocides after Direct and Aerosol Exposure on the Human Skin Epidermis and Airway Tissue Models." Toxics 9, no. 2: 29.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients.

ACS Style

Jee-Hyun Hwang; Haengdueng Jeong; Nahyun Lee; Sumin Hur; Nakyum Lee; Jeong Jun Han; Hye Won Jang; Wang Keun Choi; Ki Taek Nam; Kyung-Min Lim. Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 657 .

AMA Style

Jee-Hyun Hwang, Haengdueng Jeong, Nahyun Lee, Sumin Hur, Nakyum Lee, Jeong Jun Han, Hye Won Jang, Wang Keun Choi, Ki Taek Nam, Kyung-Min Lim. Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (2):657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jee-Hyun Hwang; Haengdueng Jeong; Nahyun Lee; Sumin Hur; Nakyum Lee; Jeong Jun Han; Hye Won Jang; Wang Keun Choi; Ki Taek Nam; Kyung-Min Lim. 2021. "Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 657.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The main function of the skin is to protect the body from the external environment. The barrier function of the skin is mainly provided by the stratum corneum, which consists of corneocytes bound with the corneodesmosomes and lamellar lipids. Skin barrier proteins like loricrin and filaggrin also contribute to the skin barrier function. In various skin diseases, skin barrier dysfunction is a common symptom, and skin irritants like detergents or surfactants could also perturb skin barrier function. Many efforts have been made to develop strategies to improve skin barrier function. Here, we investigated whether the microfluidized lysates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), one of the most widely used probiotic species for various health benefits, may improve the skin barrier function in a reconstructed human epidermis, Keraskin™. Application of LR lysate on Keraskin™ increased the expression of tight junction proteins; claudin 1 and occludin as determined by immunofluorescence analysis, and skin barrier proteins; loricrin and filaggrin as determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis and qPCR. Also, the cytotoxicity of a skin irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was alleviated by the pretreatment of LR lysate. The skin barrier protective effects of LR lysate could be further demonstrated by the attenuation of SLS-enhanced dye-penetration. LR lysate also attenuated the destruction of desmosomes after SLS treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated that LR lysate has protective effects on the skin barrier, which could expand the utility of probiotics to skin-moisturization ingredients.

ACS Style

Ye-On Jung; Haengdueng Jeong; Yejin Cho; Eun-Ok Lee; Hye-Won Jang; Jinwook Kim; Ki Taek Nam; Kyung-Min Lim. Lysates of a Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Can Improve Skin Barrier Function in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 4289 .

AMA Style

Ye-On Jung, Haengdueng Jeong, Yejin Cho, Eun-Ok Lee, Hye-Won Jang, Jinwook Kim, Ki Taek Nam, Kyung-Min Lim. Lysates of a Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Can Improve Skin Barrier Function in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (17):4289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ye-On Jung; Haengdueng Jeong; Yejin Cho; Eun-Ok Lee; Hye-Won Jang; Jinwook Kim; Ki Taek Nam; Kyung-Min Lim. 2019. "Lysates of a Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Can Improve Skin Barrier Function in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17: 4289.