The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), one of the origins of chiral magnetism, is currently attracting considerable attention in the research community focusing on applied magnetism and spintronics. For future applications, an accurate measurement of its strength is indispensable. Here the state of the art of measurement techniques involving the coefficient of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the DMI constant $D$, is reviewed, with a focus on systems where the interaction arises from the interface between two materials (i.e., the interfacial DMI). An overview of the experimental techniques, as well as their theoretical background and models for the quantification of the DMI constant, is given. The measurement techniques are divided into three categories: (a) domain-wall-based measurements, (b) spin-wave-based measurements, and (c) spin-orbit torque-based measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed, and $D$ values at different interfaces are compared. The review aims to obtain a better understanding of the applicability of the different techniques to various stacks and of the origin of apparent disagreements among literature values.

The magnetic properties of steels are affected by plastic deformation, because the domain wall processes magnetoelastically interact with the dislocations and the residual stresses. The evolution of the magnetic hysteresis loop and its parameters with the type and degree of straining can thus provide a macroscopic signature of the underlying the mechanical and structural properties. Additional information can be achieved at a microscopic level through analysis of the Barkhausen noise, the signal generated by the stochastic flux variations associated with the discontinuous motion of the domain walls. Nondestructive methods for the structural evaluation of magnetic steels, devoted, in particular, to the investigation of work-hardening and state of internal stress following plastic straining, have therefore been developed in the literature, either through magnetic hysteresis or Barkhausen noise measurements. In this paper, we summarize significant results regarding the relationship between magnetic properties and plastic deformation in steel samples and the related experimental methods. Attention will be devoted, in particular, to the measurement and analysis of the Barkhausen noise spectral density and the way it relates to the macroscopic magnetic behavior and the structural properties.

The dynamic magnetocaloric effect in La(Fe x Co y Si 1-x-y) 13 with x=0.9 and low Co content of y=0.015 was analysed by calorimetric measurements at constant magnetic field and constant temperature as well as magnetisation relaxation measurements. It is shown that the rate dependence of the measurement, which leads to an increased entropy hysteresis with increasing rate of the driving force (temperature or magnetic field), can be mainly attributed to a thermal contact resistance R between sample and thermal bath of the measurement setup.

Different models have been used to evaluate the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) from the asymmetric bubble expansion method using magneto-optics. Here we investigate the most promising candidates over a range of different magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. Models based on the standard creep hypothesis are not able to reproduce the domain wall (DW) velocity profile when the DW roughness is high. Our results demonstrate that the DW roughness and the interface roughness of the sample layers are correlated. Furthermore, we give guidance on how to obtain reliable results for the DMI value with this popular method. A comparison of the results with Brillouin light scattering (BLS) measurements on the same samples shows that the BLS approach often results in higher measured values of DMI.

We have developed a method for isothermal calorimetry for the determination of the entropy change in magnetic materials. Heat absorbed and released by the sample at constant temperature is measured by means of Peltier cells, used in an active way to simultaneously measure the heat current and keep constant the sample temperature. In the paper we describe the method, the Peltier cell calibration and the test apparatus. The results obtained on a Gadolinium sample at room temperature under a magnetic field up to 0.9 T are discussed. The comparison with other methods demonstrates the validity of the proposed approach to fulfil the isothermal conditions (DeltaTles5 mK) and to obtain a faster time response

We investigate the frequency of thermally excited vortex oscillations in Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) pillars in the presence of defects. Under a variable in-plane magnetic field, a characteristic behavior is observed: the frequency oscillates from a maximum at certain field values to a steep minimum, which tends towards zero frequency. These frequency variations are described qualitatively well by an analytical model based on the Thiele equation taking into account a single Gaussian pinning potential. It is thus possible to calculate the in-plane depinning field for certain pinning potential parameters. For steep potentials, the depinning is hysteretic and jumps between the pinned and unpinned regime occur due to the presence of an energy barrier. A sharp frequency minimum occurs at an applied field, where a large flat region in the energy landscape is present. From the experiments, the pinning potentials are estimated to be between −0.2eV and −0.4eV. We also perform micromagnetic simulations of the vortex oscillations in the presence of a distribution of pinning centers. The simulations confirm the validity of the Thiele-approach showing that the vortex remains sufficiently rigid.