Carmelinda Ruggiero graduated in Medicine and Surgery in 2001 from the Catholic University of Rome, Italy. She completed her residency in Geriatrics at the University of Perugia and obtained her Ph.D. in Biology and Pathology of Aging at the University of Genova, Italy. She was a research volunteer and post-doctoral research fellow at the Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Aging, MD, USA. Then, she got a Master's degree in Bone metabolic diseases at the University of Florence, Italy, and the certification for the Advanced Post-Graduated Course of the European Academy for Medicine of Aging, Institut Universitaire Kurt Bosch, Sion, Switzerland. She is an Associate Professor in Gerontology and Geriatrics at the University of Perugia. Her research interests mainly focus on geriatrics; medicine; frailty; falls and fragility fractures; orthogeriatrics; bone/muscle health.