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Tolke Jensen
Institute of Phytopathology, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.

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Original article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Mycotoxin Research
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Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives are frequently detected in freshly harvested forage maize. This study assessed the time course effects during ensiling of forage maize on the fate of Fusarium mycotoxins, using laboratory-scale silos and artificially contaminated raw material. A multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to determine the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, deepoxy-DON, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol. A significant increase of DON was observed during ensiling, whereas the levels of DON-3-glucoside and its acetylated forms proportionally decreased. In contrast, levels of ZEN, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol were not affected by the ensiling process. Based on these findings, ensiling is not a practical method for reducing the total amount of Fusarium mycotoxins present at harvest.

ACS Style

Tolke Jensen; Marthe De Boevre; Sarah De Saeger; Nils Preußke; Frank D. Sönnichsen; Ewald Kramer; Holger Klink; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Tim Birr. Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage. Mycotoxin Research 2019, 36, 127 -136.

AMA Style

Tolke Jensen, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen, Ewald Kramer, Holger Klink, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Tim Birr. Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage. Mycotoxin Research. 2019; 36 (2):127-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tolke Jensen; Marthe De Boevre; Sarah De Saeger; Nils Preußke; Frank D. Sönnichsen; Ewald Kramer; Holger Klink; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Tim Birr. 2019. "Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage." Mycotoxin Research 36, no. 2: 127-136.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2019 in Toxins
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The selective and sensitive analysis of mycotoxins in highly complex feed matrices is a great challenge. In this study, the suitability of OrbitrapTM-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for routine mycotoxin analysis in complex feeds was demonstrated by the successful validation of a full MS/data-dependent MS/MS acquisition method for the quantitative determination of eight Fusarium mycotoxins in forage maize and maize silage according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The required resolving power for accurate mass assignments (A), intra-day precision (RSDr), and inter-day precision (RSDR) of measurements were in the range of 94 to 108%, 2 to 16%, and 2 to 12%, whereas the decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) varied from 11 to 88 µg/kg and 20 to 141 µg/kg, respectively. A set of naturally contaminated forage maize and maize silage samples collected in northern Germany in 2017 was analyzed to confirm the applicability of the HRMS method to real samples. At least four Fusarium mycotoxins were quantified in each sample, highlighting the frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed.

ACS Style

Tolke Jensen; Marthe de Boevre; Nils Preußke; Sarah de Saeger; Tim Birr; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Frank Sönnichsen. Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins in Complex Feed Matrices. Toxins 2019, 11, 531 .

AMA Style

Tolke Jensen, Marthe de Boevre, Nils Preußke, Sarah de Saeger, Tim Birr, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Frank Sönnichsen. Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins in Complex Feed Matrices. Toxins. 2019; 11 (9):531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tolke Jensen; Marthe de Boevre; Nils Preußke; Sarah de Saeger; Tim Birr; Joseph-Alexander Verreet; Frank Sönnichsen. 2019. "Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins in Complex Feed Matrices." Toxins 11, no. 9: 531.