Peer reviewed article authored by (Wang LS, Chuang MC, Ho JA). Read article or submit your manuscript for publishing.

Molecular logic gates, designs constructed with biological and chemical molecules, have emerged as an alternative computing approach to silicon-based logic operations. These molecular computers are capable of receiving and integrating multiple stimuli of biochemical significance to generate a definitive output, opening a new research avenue to advanced diagnostics and therapeutics which demand handling of complex factors and precise control. In molecularly gated devices, Boolean logic computations can be activated by specific inputs and accurately processed via bio-recognition, bio-catalysis, and selective chemical reactions. In this review, we survey recent advances of the molecular logic approaches to practical applications of biosensors, including designs constructed with proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, nanomaterials, and organic compounds, as well as the research avenues for future development of digitally operating “sense and act” schemes that logically process biochemical signals through networked circuits to implement intelligent control systems.

Cu₂O/TNA/Ti photoanode showed spectral response outperformed Cu₂O/Ti and Cu₂O/FTO photocathodes. Cu₂O/TNA/Ti showed better spectral response than that of TNA/Ti, ascribed to UV-visible light absorption of Cu₂O, not to charge separation enhancement.