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Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen
Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the status of traffic safety and the public perception of traffic safety during the during COVID-19 pandemic. Three different data sets are used in this study: road crash and traffic violation data from Qatar, and two separate questionnaire surveys (from general public and road safety experts). Results showed that during COVID-19 period, the total number of crashes in Qatar significantly reduced during the pandemic compared with the previous 5 years. However, the rates of serious and fatal injuries significantly increased. Regarding the general public perceptions, more than 80% reported that roads became safer while driving behaviours improved during the pandemic. On the other hand, more than 50% of the experts disagreed that roads became safer, 55% disagreed that driving behaviours improved and 70% agreed that less attention from governments was directed toward road safety during the pandemic. The findings from this study could help policy makers to understand the road safety status during the pandemic to make appropriate adjustments in the traffic laws and regulations on a temporary basis. This could help in reducing crash-related injuries and as a result reduce pressure on health and other emergency services.

ACS Style

Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Qinaat Hussain; Mustafa Almallah; Mohammed Abdullah Al Malki; Jayaseelan Singaravelu; Susanna Zammataro. Road safety status during COVID-19 pandemic: exploring public and road safety expert’s opinions. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen, Abdulkarim Almukdad, Qinaat Hussain, Mustafa Almallah, Mohammed Abdullah Al Malki, Jayaseelan Singaravelu, Susanna Zammataro. Road safety status during COVID-19 pandemic: exploring public and road safety expert’s opinions. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Qinaat Hussain; Mustafa Almallah; Mohammed Abdullah Al Malki; Jayaseelan Singaravelu; Susanna Zammataro. 2021. "Road safety status during COVID-19 pandemic: exploring public and road safety expert’s opinions." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , no. : 1-17.

Research article
Published: 16 August 2021 in PLOS ONE
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This study proposes a methodical approach to model desired speed distributions under different road-weather and traffic conditions followed by identification of road-weather conditions with potentially higher safety risks in rural divided highways located in extremely cold regions. Desired speed distributions encompassing unique combinations of adverse road-weather and traffic conditions are modelled as normal distributions characterized by their means and standard deviations formulated based on two principal statistical theorems and techniques i.e., Central Limit Theorem and Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation. Combination of the precipitation conditions, road surface conditions, time of the day, temperature, traffic flow and the heavy vehicle percentage at the time of travel were considered in defining the combinations of road-weather and traffic conditions. The findings reveal that simultaneous occurrence of particular precipitation and pavement conditions significantly affect the characteristics of the desired speed distribution and potentially expose drivers to elevated safety risks. Jurisdictions experiencing extreme road-weather conditions may adapt the proposed methodology to assess speed behaviour under different road-weather conditions to establishing and deploying weather-responsive traffic management strategies such as variable speed limit to regulate speeding and improve traffic safety in winter.

ACS Style

Rillagoda G. N. Yasanthi; Babak Mehran; Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen. Modelling speed behaviour in rural highways: Safety analysis of driving under adverse road-weather conditions. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0256322 .

AMA Style

Rillagoda G. N. Yasanthi, Babak Mehran, Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen. Modelling speed behaviour in rural highways: Safety analysis of driving under adverse road-weather conditions. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (8):e0256322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rillagoda G. N. Yasanthi; Babak Mehran; Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen. 2021. "Modelling speed behaviour in rural highways: Safety analysis of driving under adverse road-weather conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8: e0256322.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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A critical safety problem in road networks is the conflicts on unsignalized crosswalks. Thus, a proactive approach to assess pedestrian safety performance is required. Simulating the microscopic road user behavior in a virtual platform is one of the typical approaches. However, current simulation tools are not flexible enough to properly reproduce various behaviors of pedestrians and drivers considering their interactions with the road environment and other road users. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose a novel agent-based framework for evaluating pedestrian safety at unsignalized crosswalks. Unsignalized mid-block crosswalks with refuge islands (UMCR) are considered as an example facility to implement the proposed framework, where relevant behavioral elements such as the reaction time, visual field with obstacles, and minimum safety margin time are addressed. Not only the pedestrian-vehicle interaction is modeled but also the vehicle-vehicle interaction is considered. Empirical validation on a UMCR shows that the proposed framework can reproduce reliable distributions of the post encroachment time compared to the observed distributions within an acceptable error range. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the high reaction time of drivers, small safety margin time, and visual obstacles near crosswalks increase the probability of serious conflicts. The results also show that the framework can reproduce traffic crashes under assumed extreme road conditions.

ACS Style

Hong Zhu; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Miho Iryo-Asano; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Hideki Nakamura; Xin Zhang. A novel agent-based framework for evaluating pedestrian safety at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 159, 106288 .

AMA Style

Hong Zhu, Abdulkarim Almukdad, Miho Iryo-Asano, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Hideki Nakamura, Xin Zhang. A novel agent-based framework for evaluating pedestrian safety at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 159 ():106288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Zhu; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Miho Iryo-Asano; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Hideki Nakamura; Xin Zhang. 2021. "A novel agent-based framework for evaluating pedestrian safety at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks." Accident Analysis & Prevention 159, no. : 106288.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Transport Policy
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Due to the ongoing enormous infrastructural developments and car ownership culture in Qatar, it could be one of those countries to introduce Autonomous Vehicles (AV) technology at the early stages. Therefore, this study surveyed a number of residents at the State of Qatar to improve our understandings of their perceptions regarding overall safety of AV (General_safety), safety due to the fact that AV could eliminate human errors (Human_errors), safety due to the interactions between Human-Driven Vehicles (HDV) and AV (HDV-AV_interactions), performance in harsh environmental conditions, security, comfort level, travel time, congestion and operational costs. In addition, the study uncovered the relationships of public perceptions towards AV and some other contextual factors with the willingness to adopt it in the future. To study these relations, we relied on a Structural Equation Modeling. Overall, the results showed that respondents had higher and positive perceptions regarding “General_safety” and “Human_errors”, however, they were more concerned about “HDV-AV_interactions” and its security. In addition, individuals’ preference to shift to AV in the future was positively correlated with their perception level of “General_safety”, “Human_errors”, Comfort and Travel_time. Regarding ethnicity of the respondents, non-Arabs reported higher concerns regarding AV security, compared to Arabs. Furthermore, interestingly the results revealed that individuals having higher knowledge about AV technology had more concerns on “General_safety” and “HDV-AV_interactions”, while they had positive perceptions that AV could eliminate human errors. The findings from this study are anticipated to allow AV manufacturers and other relevant authorities to enhance public confidence towards AV technology by targeting different sub-groups through particular safety or security awareness campaigns.

ACS Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Muhammad Adnan; Mustafa Almallah; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Mohammed Alqaradawi. Autonomous vehicles between anticipation and apprehension: Investigations through safety and security perceptions. Transport Policy 2021, 110, 440 -451.

AMA Style

Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Muhammad Adnan, Mustafa Almallah, Abdulkarim Almukdad, Mohammed Alqaradawi. Autonomous vehicles between anticipation and apprehension: Investigations through safety and security perceptions. Transport Policy. 2021; 110 ():440-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Muhammad Adnan; Mustafa Almallah; Abdulkarim Almukdad; Mohammed Alqaradawi. 2021. "Autonomous vehicles between anticipation and apprehension: Investigations through safety and security perceptions." Transport Policy 110, no. : 440-451.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Work zones are established to provide a safe environment for all road users and road workers. However, based on the statistics, they can be considered as crash prone zones due to changes in the road alignments and the posted speed limits. In this driving simulator study, we aimed at investigating the safety impacts of a newly proposed system composed of graphical and animation-based variable message signs (VMSs) in the state of Qatar. The proposed VMS condition was compared with a control condition that was designed following the Qatar Work Zone Traffic Management Guide. A total of seventy subjects were invited to participate in the experiment voluntarily. Study results showed that in the VMS condition, drivers reduced their traveling speeds in advanced compared to the control condition. Drivers’ traveling speed in the VMS condition was significantly reduced by 6.3 and 11.1 km/h on the leftmost and the second leftmost lanes, respectively. Next, the results uncovered that the proposed system motivated drivers to initiate early lane changing maneuvers, i.e., 150 m earlier than the control condition. Finally, the VMS condition was effective in stimulating drivers to keep larger headways with a merging vehicle. In sum, the proposed VMS system outperformed the control condition in terms of speed reduction, early merging, and higher headways between the through and the merging vehicle.

ACS Style

Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Ali Pirdavani; Kris Brijs; Charitha Dias; Tom Brijs. Improved traffic safety at work zones through animation-based variable message signs. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 159, 106284 .

AMA Style

Mustafa Almallah, Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Ali Pirdavani, Kris Brijs, Charitha Dias, Tom Brijs. Improved traffic safety at work zones through animation-based variable message signs. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 159 ():106284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Ali Pirdavani; Kris Brijs; Charitha Dias; Tom Brijs. 2021. "Improved traffic safety at work zones through animation-based variable message signs." Accident Analysis & Prevention 159, no. : 106284.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Procedia Computer Science
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Entry capacity is an important parameter for evaluating the roundabout performance. In general, entry capacity is influenced by three gap parameters: critical gap, follow-up time and minimum headway of circulating vehicles. These gap parameters certainly are correlated with the driving behavior as well as the roundabout characteristics. In this paper, video records of two single roundabouts in the state of Qatar were used to estimate the gap parameters. In addition, the entry capacity of both roundabouts was estimated and compared through different methodologies. Results showed that the entry capacity is directly related with the inscribed circle diameter (ICD) until 400 vph of circulating flow. However, it is inversely related with ICD if the circulating flow exceeds 400 vph. Moreover, we found that the entry capacity has a negative relation with the gap parameters. Estimated entry capacities with the calibrated Highway Capacity Manual 6th Edition model (HCM, 2016) were significantly higher than estimated ones through the proposed approach by Qatar Highway Design Manual (QHDM, 2015). Interestingly, the entry capacity was underestimated in both approaches if default gap parameter values are used compared to the calibrated models using the observed gap parameters (36.7% less for HCM, and 19.4% less for QHDM). Thus, the utilization of realistic gap parameter values representing local traffic condition is essential for traffic planners to accurately estimate the entry capacity and accordingly ensure feasible design of different types of roundabouts.

ACS Style

Abdulkarim Almukdad; Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Naeem Albeitjali; Mohammed Alqaradawy. Analysis of gap parameters for the estimation of single lane roundabouts’ capacity in the State of Qatar. Procedia Computer Science 2021, 184, 250 -257.

AMA Style

Abdulkarim Almukdad, Mustafa Almallah, Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Naeem Albeitjali, Mohammed Alqaradawy. Analysis of gap parameters for the estimation of single lane roundabouts’ capacity in the State of Qatar. Procedia Computer Science. 2021; 184 ():250-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdulkarim Almukdad; Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Naeem Albeitjali; Mohammed Alqaradawy. 2021. "Analysis of gap parameters for the estimation of single lane roundabouts’ capacity in the State of Qatar." Procedia Computer Science 184, no. : 250-257.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Pedestrians being the most vulnerable road users account for a large proportion of injuries and fatalities from road traffic crashes. Pedestrians are involved in around one-third of the whole fatalities coming from the road traffic crashes in the state of Qatar. In areas with uncontrolled midblock crosswalks, it is very crucial to improve drivers’ alertness and yielding behavior. The objective of this driving simulator study is to investigate the impact of pedestrian detection strategies and pavement markings on driving behavior at high-speed uncontrolled crosswalks. To this end, an untreated condition (i.e. Control) was compared with three treatment conditions. The three treated conditions included two detection strategies, i.e., advance variable message sign (VMS) and LED lights, and road markings with pedestrian encircled. Each condition was tested with a yield/stop controlled marked crosswalk for two situations, i.e. with vs. without a pedestrian present. The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator at Qatar University. In total, 67 volunteers possessing a valid Qatari driving license participated in the study. Different analyses were conducted on vehicle-pedestrian interactions, driving speed, variations in acceleration/deceleration and lateral position. The results showed that both the LED and VMS conditions were helpful in increasing yielding rates up to 98.4 % and reducing the vehicle-pedestrian conflicts significantly. Furthermore, both treatments were effective in motivating drivers to reduce vehicle speed in advance. Considering the findings of this study, we recommend LED and VMS conditions as potentially effective solutions to improve safety at yield/stop controlled crosswalks.

ACS Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Ali Pirdavani; Kris Brijs; Khaled Shaaban; Tom Brijs. Do detection-based warning strategies improve vehicle yielding behavior at uncontrolled midblock crosswalks? Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 157, 106166 .

AMA Style

Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Ali Pirdavani, Kris Brijs, Khaled Shaaban, Tom Brijs. Do detection-based warning strategies improve vehicle yielding behavior at uncontrolled midblock crosswalks? Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 157 ():106166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Ali Pirdavani; Kris Brijs; Khaled Shaaban; Tom Brijs. 2021. "Do detection-based warning strategies improve vehicle yielding behavior at uncontrolled midblock crosswalks?" Accident Analysis & Prevention 157, no. : 106166.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
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Problem: Evolving sandstorms on rural expressways in desert countries impair drivers' contrast vision and increase the risk of serious crashes due to delayed speed adjustments. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) such as Variable Message Signs (VMS) conveying warnings can be activated to address drivers’ speed adaptation before entering a low visibility zone. To improve drivers’ understanding of the hazard, a sandstorm animation visualizing turbulent sand and its consequences was designed and compared with a general warning pictogram, which is applied if no specific weather pictogram is available. Moreover, minimum warning distances of the VMS to the low visibility zone were tested (e.g., 300 m or 500 m). Sixty-three participants from the State of Qatar drove in a driving simulator through clear, transition, and low visibility conditions on a rural expressway. A repeated analysis of variances was conducted to examine the impact of the two on-road warning displays on driving behavior. The results showed that the sandstorm animation was similarly effective as a generic warning pictogram in reducing driving speeds before entering the transition and low visibility zone, irrespective of being displayed 500 m or 300 m away. However, the sandstorm animation resulted in consistent similar speed reductions within the low visibility zone, whereas the generic warning pictogram did either perform better or worse after several encounters with a sandstorm. Drivers did strongly agree that the animation is clearly referring to the issue of low visibility, which can be beneficial for recurring low visibility conditions. Practical applications: 1.) Displaying a sandstorm animation is beneficial for rural expressway sections with recurring degrading visibility and low traffic densities, whereas a warning pictogram can be more effective in speed reductions if drivers expect additional traffic hazards. 2.) Roadway authorities have the flexibility to activate a VMS sandstorm warning even for minimum warning distances.

ACS Style

Nora Reinolsmann; Wael Alhajyaseen; Tom Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Qinaat Hussain; Kris Brijs. Sandstorm animations on rural expressways: The impact of variable message sign strategies on driver behavior in low visibility conditions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2021, 78, 308 -325.

AMA Style

Nora Reinolsmann, Wael Alhajyaseen, Tom Brijs, Ali Pirdavani, Qinaat Hussain, Kris Brijs. Sandstorm animations on rural expressways: The impact of variable message sign strategies on driver behavior in low visibility conditions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2021; 78 ():308-325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nora Reinolsmann; Wael Alhajyaseen; Tom Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Qinaat Hussain; Kris Brijs. 2021. "Sandstorm animations on rural expressways: The impact of variable message sign strategies on driver behavior in low visibility conditions." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 78, no. : 308-325.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
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Driving simulators are useful and effective tools for conducting studies in the field of traffic safety. Simulation sickness (SS) and the sense of presence (SP) are two well-known factors that could affect the results of the driving simulator experiments. This study investigated the relationship between SP and SS in a medium-fidelity driving simulator. Additionally, the impact of the road environment (urban arterials or rural expressways) on these subscales was investigated. Data was collected by means of self-reported questionnaires, which were conducted after the participants have driven the simulation scenarios in a fixed-base medium-fidelity driving simulator. A total of 125 drivers participated in this study. Results showed that females reported significantly higher SS scores than males. An increasing trend in the SS was observed with the increase of age. Importantly, designing buildings that replicate a real-world environment could increase SP and decrease SS. Moreover, designing high quality and resolution scenarios could also increase SP, thus decreasing the severity of SS symptoms. The results of this study can help researchers using medium-fidelity driving simulators to know the influencing factors for each subscale of SP on SS. Adjustments in the driving simulator and scenario settings as well as additional training exercises for higher speed scenarios can be beneficial in reducing the severity of SS.

ACS Style

Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Nora Reinolsmann; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen. Driving simulation sickness and the sense of presence: Correlation and contributing factors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2021, 78, 180 -193.

AMA Style

Mustafa Almallah, Qinaat Hussain, Nora Reinolsmann, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen. Driving simulation sickness and the sense of presence: Correlation and contributing factors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2021; 78 ():180-193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mustafa Almallah; Qinaat Hussain; Nora Reinolsmann; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen. 2021. "Driving simulation sickness and the sense of presence: Correlation and contributing factors." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 78, no. : 180-193.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
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A safe headway to the lead vehicle is important to reduce conflicts with merging vehicles from highway on-ramps. Previous research has outlined the advantage of gap metering strategies to yield sufficient space to merging vehicles and improve highway capacity during peak hours. However, prevailing gap metering systems fail to indicate the minimum required gap and leave it to the drivers’ judgment to adjust their headway. This paper proposes a new Active Gap Metering (AGM) signalization that helps outer lane drivers to adjust their headway to the lead vehicle when approaching highway ramps with incoming vehicles. This AGM signalization represents a combination of pavement markings and an innovative Variable Message Sign (VMS). The AGM system was tested alone and in combination with additional variable speed limits (VSL) in distinct environments of the Doha Expressway in the State of Qatar using a driving simulator. The driving behavior of 64 drivers was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that the AGM effectively influenced the drivers’ behavior on the right stream lane. Drivers did gradually increase the distance to the lead vehicle, which resulted in optimal headways to merging on-ramp vehicles. Most importantly, the minimum time-to-collision (TTCmin) to the merging vehicle was increased by an additional 1–1.5 s as compared to no treatment. The proposed AGM signalization can, therefore, be considered by policymakers to influence drivers’ headways at critical merging sections.

ACS Style

Nora Reinolsmann; Wael Alhajyaseen; Tom Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Qinaat Hussain; Kris Brijs. Investigating the impact of a novel active gap metering signalization strategy on driver behavior at highway merging sections. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2021, 78, 42 -57.

AMA Style

Nora Reinolsmann, Wael Alhajyaseen, Tom Brijs, Ali Pirdavani, Qinaat Hussain, Kris Brijs. Investigating the impact of a novel active gap metering signalization strategy on driver behavior at highway merging sections. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2021; 78 ():42-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nora Reinolsmann; Wael Alhajyaseen; Tom Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Qinaat Hussain; Kris Brijs. 2021. "Investigating the impact of a novel active gap metering signalization strategy on driver behavior at highway merging sections." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 78, no. : 42-57.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Driving anger and aggressive driving are main contributors to crashes, especially among young males. Trait driving anger is context-specific and unique from other forms of anger. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of trait driving anger to develop targeted interventions. Although literature conceptually distinguished reactive and proactive aggression, this distinction is uncommon in driving research. Similar, cognitive biases related to driving anger, measured by a combination of explicit and implicit measures, received little attention. This pilot study related explicit and implicit measures associated with reactive and proactive aggression to trait driving anger, while considering age. The sample consisted of 42 male drivers. The implicit measures included a self-aggression association (i.e., Single-Target Implicit Association Test) and an attentional aggression bias (i.e., Emotional Stroop Task). Reactive aggression related positively with trait driving anger. Moreover, a self-aggression association negatively related to trait driving anger. Finally, an interaction effect for age suggested that only in young male drivers, higher proactive aggression related to lower trait driving anger. These preliminary results motivate further attention to the combination of explicit and implicit measures related to reactive and proactive aggression in trait driving anger research.

ACS Style

Veerle Ross; Nora Reinolsmann; Jill Lobbestael; Chantal Timmermans; Tom Brijs; Wael Alhajyaseen; Kris Brijs. Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1850 .

AMA Style

Veerle Ross, Nora Reinolsmann, Jill Lobbestael, Chantal Timmermans, Tom Brijs, Wael Alhajyaseen, Kris Brijs. Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veerle Ross; Nora Reinolsmann; Jill Lobbestael; Chantal Timmermans; Tom Brijs; Wael Alhajyaseen; Kris Brijs. 2021. "Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1850.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2020 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Transition zones are a road section where posted speed drops from higher to lower limits. Due to the sudden changes in posted speed limits and road environment, drivers usually do not adapt to the posted speed limits and underestimate their traveling speed. Previous studies have highlighted that crash rates are usually higher in these sections. This study aims at improving the safety at transition zones by introducing perceptual measures that are tested using a driving simulator. The proposed measures are speed limit pavement markings with a gradual increase of brightness and/or size that were placed at transition zones in simulation scenarios replicating the real-world environment of the Doha Expressway in Qatar. These innovative measures aim to produce the impression of increased speed that could stimulate drivers to better adapt speed limits. The driving behavior of 81 drivers possessing a valid Qatari driving license was recorded with a driving simulator interfaced with STISIM Drive® 3. Results showed that pavement markings combining size and brightness manipulations were the most effective treatment, keeping drivers' traveling speed significantly below the traveling speed recorded in the untreated control condition. In this regard, the maximum mean speed reductions of 5.3 km/h and 4.6 km/h were observed for this treatment at the first transition (120 to 100 km/h) and second transition (100 to 80 km/h) zones, respectively. Regarding the variations in drivers' lateral position, the results showed that the proposed pavement markings did not negatively influence drivers' lateral control on the road as the maximum observed standard deviation of lateral position was around 0.065 m. This study shows that the proposed pavement markings are recommended for improving the speed adaptation of drivers in the transition zones.

ACS Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Nora Reinolsmann; Kris Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Geert Wets; Tom Brijs. Optical pavement treatments and their impact on speed and lateral position at transition zones: A driving simulator study. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020, 150, 105916 .

AMA Style

Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Nora Reinolsmann, Kris Brijs, Ali Pirdavani, Geert Wets, Tom Brijs. Optical pavement treatments and their impact on speed and lateral position at transition zones: A driving simulator study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2020; 150 ():105916.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Nora Reinolsmann; Kris Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Geert Wets; Tom Brijs. 2020. "Optical pavement treatments and their impact on speed and lateral position at transition zones: A driving simulator study." Accident Analysis & Prevention 150, no. : 105916.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Inadequate and unnecessary stopping at signalized intersections reduces operational efficiency. The study aims at investigating the effect of a smart advanced warning system on driving behavior and the efficiency of signalized intersections. A green LED dynamic light (G-LED) system (combined system with countdown strategy) is developed and evaluated by means of a driving simulator experiment. The efficiency of the proposed system is compared with a default traffic signal condition with green-yellow-red order (i.e. control condition), and a flashing green (F-green) traffic signal (i.e. order: green-flashing green-yellow-red). Sixty-seven participants holding a valid driving license from Qatar participated in the study. All the participants drove a simulation run replicating the real-world environment of the Corniche road in Doha city (Qatar). Data such as vehicle lateral or longitudinal position, travel speed, acceleration or deceleration, and violation tickets were collected for each participant using the STISIM Drive® Software. Results from a binary logistic regression model showed that the probability of crossing during the change interval significantly increased for the G-LED condition compared to the control condition, while it decreased in the F-green condition. Furthermore, the experiment disclosed that the odds of crossing the intersection (without red-light running) for the proposed smart advanced warning system (G-LED) were 29.67 and 2.58 compared to the F-green and the control conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the time-space and speed analyses revealed that most of the drivers decelerated in the option zone and decided to stop at the intersection equipped with flashing green signal.

ACS Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael Alhajyaseen; Kris Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Tom Brijs. Improved Traffic Flow Efficiency During Yellow Interval at Signalized Intersections Using a Smart Countdown System. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2020, PP, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Qinaat Hussain, Wael Alhajyaseen, Kris Brijs, Ali Pirdavani, Tom Brijs. Improved Traffic Flow Efficiency During Yellow Interval at Signalized Intersections Using a Smart Countdown System. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2020; PP (99):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinaat Hussain; Wael Alhajyaseen; Kris Brijs; Ali Pirdavani; Tom Brijs. 2020. "Improved Traffic Flow Efficiency During Yellow Interval at Signalized Intersections Using a Smart Countdown System." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems PP, no. 99: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Transportation Research Procedia
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Internationally, an annual number of more than a million fatalities are caused by road traffic crashes, with particularly signalized intersections being crash prone locations within the highway system. An accumulation of conflicts between drivers is caused by the different movements (through and turning) from different directions at the intersection; hence, studying the trajectories of turning vehicles is an important step towards improving traffic safety performance of these facilities. In view of that, the current paper aims at providing further insight into the behaviour of left-turning vehicles (right-hand traffic rule) at signalized intersections in the State of Qatar. At first, a total of 44 trajectories of free-flowing vehicles were manually extracted from a recorded video for a single approach of Lekhwair signalized intersection in Doha City, State of Qatar. After that, the extracted trajectories were statistically analysed in an attempt to explore the factors affecting the path of left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections. The results suggest that the characteristics of the extracted paths are significantly related to the vehicle’s entry speed, minimum speed throughout its turning manoeuvre, and the lateral distance between the exit point and the curb (i.e., targeted exit lane). Provided that the speed parameters can be fairly an indication to the driving behaviour, it can be concluded that the driver’s attitude plays an important role in drawing the manoeuvre of a turning vehicle as does the pre-selection of the exit lane. Finally, the effort presented in this paper can be regarded as a way forward towards understanding the behaviour of turning vehicles at signalised intersection in the State of Qatar.

ACS Style

Osama Abdeljaber; Adel Younis; Wael Alhajyaseen. Analysis of the Trajectories of Left-turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 48, 1288 -1295.

AMA Style

Osama Abdeljaber, Adel Younis, Wael Alhajyaseen. Analysis of the Trajectories of Left-turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 48 ():1288-1295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Osama Abdeljaber; Adel Younis; Wael Alhajyaseen. 2020. "Analysis of the Trajectories of Left-turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Procedia 48, no. : 1288-1295.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2020 in IEEE Access
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Information on the trajectories of turning vehicles at signalized intersections can be used in numerous applications, such as movement planning of autonomous vehicles, realistic representation of surrounding vehicle movements in driving simulator and virtual reality applications, and in microscopic simulation tools. However, no proper framework is currently available to realistically model and estimate trajectories of turning vehicles reflecting the intersection geometries, which is critical for the reliability of simulation models. This study explores the applicability of the minimum-jerk principle, which has been initially applied in neuroscience and robotics domains, to model and simulate free-flow trajectories of turning vehicles. The modeling method is validated by comparing model outputs with empirical trajectories collected at several signalized intersections in Nagoya, Japan. The capability of the model in realistically capturing the variations in turning trajectories based on intersection geometry (e.g., intersection angle and turning radius) is also explained. Further, the applicability of the modeling framework at intersections with different geometric features under different speeds and accelerations are also discussed.

ACS Style

Charitha Dias; Miho Iryo-Asano; Muhammad Abdullah; Takashi Oguchi; Wael Alhajyaseen. Modeling Trajectories and Trajectory Variation of Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 109821 -109834.

AMA Style

Charitha Dias, Miho Iryo-Asano, Muhammad Abdullah, Takashi Oguchi, Wael Alhajyaseen. Modeling Trajectories and Trajectory Variation of Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):109821-109834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charitha Dias; Miho Iryo-Asano; Muhammad Abdullah; Takashi Oguchi; Wael Alhajyaseen. 2020. "Modeling Trajectories and Trajectory Variation of Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 109821-109834.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The Saturation Flow Rate (SFR) is a primary measure that can be used when estimating intersection capacity. Further, the efficiency of signal control parameters also depends on the accuracy of assumed SFR values. Driver behavior, type of movement, vehicle type, intersection layout, and other factors may have a significant impact on the saturation flow rate. Thus, it is expected that driving environments that have heterogeneous driver populations with different driving habits and cultures may have different SFRs. In practice, the proposed SFRs based on US standards (Highway Capacity Manual, 2016) have been adopted in the State of Qatar without validation or calibration to consider the local road environment and the characteristics of the driving population. This study aims to empirically analyze the saturation flow rates for exclusive left-turn lanes and shared left- and U-turn lanes at two signalized intersections in Doha city, while considering the effects of heavy vehicles and U-turn maneuvers. Empirical observations revealed that the average base SFR, i.e., when the influences from heavy vehicles and U-turns were excluded, could vary approximately from 1800 vehicles per hour per lane (vphpl) to 2100 vphpl for exclusive left-turning lanes and approximately from 1800 vphpl to 1900 vphpl for shared left- and U-turning lanes. Furthermore, this study proposed different adjustment factors for heavy vehicle and U-turn percentages which can be applied in practice in designing signalized intersections, particularly in the State of Qatar.

ACS Style

Abdelrahman Abuhijleh; Charitha Dias; Wael Alhajyaseen; Deepti Muley. Effect of U-Turns and Heavy Vehicles on the Saturation Flow Rates of Left-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4485 .

AMA Style

Abdelrahman Abuhijleh, Charitha Dias, Wael Alhajyaseen, Deepti Muley. Effect of U-Turns and Heavy Vehicles on the Saturation Flow Rates of Left-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelrahman Abuhijleh; Charitha Dias; Wael Alhajyaseen; Deepti Muley. 2020. "Effect of U-Turns and Heavy Vehicles on the Saturation Flow Rates of Left-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4485.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2020 in Procedia Computer Science
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Driving simulators have become an effective tool in road safety research. In recent years, the validity of simulators raised debates concerning the extant to which driving in the simulator resembles driving in the reality. Different types of driving simulators with different characteristics have been developed to study driver behavior, however, the fidelity and reliability of such systems are questionable if no proper validation is conducted. Regarding the visual aspect, the fidelity of the simulators can be assessed based on the field of view of the simulator screens. Drivers’ speed perception and lateral position were compared for two different geometric field of view (GFOV) angles (i.e., 60 and 135 degrees). Results from the ANOVA tests showed that drivers highly underestimate their driving speed while driving for the condition with 60 degrees of GFOV compared to the condition with 135 degrees of GFOV. Furthermore, drivers drove closer to the real-world situations in the condition with 135 degree of GFOV compared to the condition with 60 degree. Results of this study suggest that, using incorrect GFOV for any simulator would generate biased results in speed and lateral position. Therefore, a proper calibration criterion of the GFOV for the simulators is essential. This study recommends using a scale factor (GFOV/FOV) of 1.00 for virtual environment offered by the simulation scenarios such as GFOV of 135 degree for simulators having three screens with 135 degree of field of view (FOV).

ACS Style

Qinaat Hussain; Mustafa Almallah; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Charitha Dias. Impact of the geometric field of view on drivers’ speed perception and lateral position in driving simulators. Procedia Computer Science 2020, 170, 18 -25.

AMA Style

Qinaat Hussain, Mustafa Almallah, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Charitha Dias. Impact of the geometric field of view on drivers’ speed perception and lateral position in driving simulators. Procedia Computer Science. 2020; 170 ():18-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinaat Hussain; Mustafa Almallah; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Charitha Dias. 2020. "Impact of the geometric field of view on drivers’ speed perception and lateral position in driving simulators." Procedia Computer Science 170, no. : 18-25.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2020 in Procedia Computer Science
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Start-up behavior at signalized intersection mainly depends on perception reaction time of drivers to the green phase. This study investigated the start-up behavior at signalized intersections by considering reaction time, acceleration and jerk (the rate of change of acceleration) of drivers in the state of Qatar. Distributions for reaction time, acceleration and jerk were plotted and the mean and 50th percentile values were presented. Three demographic factors (i.e., gender, ethnicity and age) were analyzed using two-tailed/unpaired t-tests. The relationships between acceleration and reaction time, and jerk and reaction time were investigated by linear regression analyses. Descriptive analysis showed that drivers had a mean reaction time of 2.91 s. Furthermore, Arab drivers had significantly lower reaction time than non-Arab drivers. Regarding the jerk maneuvers, young drivers (below 30 years) displayed significantly higher jerk than drivers of 30 years or above. Results from linear regressions showed significant negative correlations in both models (i.e., reaction time on acceleration, reaction time on jerk). As this study targeted multi-cultural drivers’ population, the results of reaction time and jerk distributions could be used as inputs in simulation models which are developed for evaluating driver behavior and safety at signalized intersections in regions with multi-cultural driving population.

ACS Style

Mustafa Almallah; Radwan Alfahel; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Charitha Dias. Empirical evaluation of drivers’ start-up behavior at signalized intersection using driving simulator. Procedia Computer Science 2020, 170, 227 -234.

AMA Style

Mustafa Almallah, Radwan Alfahel, Qinaat Hussain, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Charitha Dias. Empirical evaluation of drivers’ start-up behavior at signalized intersection using driving simulator. Procedia Computer Science. 2020; 170 ():227-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mustafa Almallah; Radwan Alfahel; Qinaat Hussain; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Charitha Dias. 2020. "Empirical evaluation of drivers’ start-up behavior at signalized intersection using driving simulator." Procedia Computer Science 170, no. : 227-234.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Journal of Transport & Health
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ACS Style

Chantal Timmermans; Wael Alhajyaseen; Abdrabo Soliman; Tom Brijs; Khaled Bedair; Veerle Ross. Effect of ADHD traits in young drivers on self-reported deviant driving behaviours: An exploratory study in the Arab gulf region. Journal of Transport & Health 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Chantal Timmermans, Wael Alhajyaseen, Abdrabo Soliman, Tom Brijs, Khaled Bedair, Veerle Ross. Effect of ADHD traits in young drivers on self-reported deviant driving behaviours: An exploratory study in the Arab gulf region. Journal of Transport & Health. 2020; 17 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chantal Timmermans; Wael Alhajyaseen; Abdrabo Soliman; Tom Brijs; Khaled Bedair; Veerle Ross. 2020. "Effect of ADHD traits in young drivers on self-reported deviant driving behaviours: An exploratory study in the Arab gulf region." Journal of Transport & Health 17, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Journal of Safety Research
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Introduction: Heterogeneous driving populations with many different origins are likely to have various sub-cultures that comprise of drivers with shared driver characteristics, most likely with dissimilar traffic safety cultures. An innovative methodology in traffic safety research is introduced which is beneficial for large datasets with multiple variables, making it useful for the multi-variate classification of drivers, driving attitudes and/or (risky) driving behaviours. Method: With the application of multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS), this study explores traffic safety culture in the State of Qatar using a questionnaire and investigates the similarity patterns between the questionnaire items, aiming to classify attitudes towards risky driving behaviours into themes. MDS is subsequently applied to classify drivers within a heterogeneous driving sample into sub-cultures with shared driver characteristics and different risky driving attitudes. Results: Results show that acceptance of speeding is highest among the young Arabic students and acceptance of distraction and drivers’ negligence such as phone use and not wearing a seatbelt is highest among male Arab drivers. Acceptance of extreme risk-taking like intoxicated driving and red-light running is highest among South-Asian business drivers. Conclusion: It is important and practical to understand risky behavioural habits among sub-cultures and thereby focussing on groups of drivers instead of individuals, because groups are easier to approach and drivers within sub-cultures are found to influence each other. By indicating which groups of drivers are most likely to perform specific risky driving themes, it is possible to target these groups and effectively emphasise certain subsets of risky driving behaviours during training or traffic safety education. Practical Applications: This study provides guidance for the improvement of driver education and targeted traffic safety awareness campaigns, intending to make changes to attitudes and habits within specific driver sub-cultures with the aim to improve traffic safety on the longer term.

ACS Style

Chantal P.M. Timmermans; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Veerle Ross; Hideki Nakamura. Introducing a multi-variate classification method: Risky driving acceptance among different heterogeneous driver sub-cultures. Journal of Safety Research 2020, 73, 81 -91.

AMA Style

Chantal P.M. Timmermans, Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen, Veerle Ross, Hideki Nakamura. Introducing a multi-variate classification method: Risky driving acceptance among different heterogeneous driver sub-cultures. Journal of Safety Research. 2020; 73 ():81-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chantal P.M. Timmermans; Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen; Veerle Ross; Hideki Nakamura. 2020. "Introducing a multi-variate classification method: Risky driving acceptance among different heterogeneous driver sub-cultures." Journal of Safety Research 73, no. : 81-91.