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This study investigated the effects of using mushroom waste compost as the residue medium for Pleurotus eryngii planting, which was used as a feed replacement; its consequent influence on broiler chickens’ intestinal microbiota, anti-inflammatory responses, and anti-oxidative status was likewise studied. A total of 240 male broilers were used and allocated to four treatment groups: the basal diet—control group (corn–soybean); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via FPW (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented PWMC); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PP (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2). Each treatment had three replicates and 20 birds per pen. The levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase mRNA as well as protein increased in the liver and serum in chickens, respectively; mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes were also suppressed 2 to 10 times in all treatments as compared to those in the control group. The tight junction and mucin were enhanced 2 to 10 times in all treatment groups as compared to those in the control, especially in the PWMC group. Nevertheless, the appetite-related mRNA levels were increased in the PWMC and FPW groups by at least two times. In ileum and cecum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in broilers were decreased in the PWMC, FPW, and PP groups. The Lactobacillaceae in the ileum were increased mainly in the PWMC and control groups. Overall, high-fiber feeds (PWMC, FPW, and PP) could enhance the broilers’ health by improving their antioxidant capacities and decreasing their inflammatory response as compared to the control. Based on the results, a 5% replacement of the soybean meal via PWMC is recommended in the broiler chickens’ diet.
Wen Yang Chuang; Li Jen Lin; Hsin Der Shih; Yih Min Shy; Shang Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Mushroom Waste Compost By-Products. Animals 2021, 11, 2550 .
AMA StyleWen Yang Chuang, Li Jen Lin, Hsin Der Shih, Yih Min Shy, Shang Chang Chang, Tzu Tai Lee. Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Mushroom Waste Compost By-Products. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Yang Chuang; Li Jen Lin; Hsin Der Shih; Yih Min Shy; Shang Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. 2021. "Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Mushroom Waste Compost By-Products." Animals 11, no. 9: 2550.
The effect of soybean peptides from fermented soybean meal on the intestinal immunity and tight junction of broilers was assessed. Roughly, two-stage fermented soybean meal prepared with Bv and Lb (FSBMB+L), which has nearly three times higher soluble peptides than soybean meal (SBM), and reduced galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) content and allergen protein. The one-stage fermented by Bv (FSBMB) has the highest soluble peptides, while commercial lactic acid bacteria (FSBML) has the highest Lactic acid bacteria count; these were used to compare the differences in the process. Ross308 broilers (n = 320) were divided into four groups: SBM diet and a diet replaced with 6% FSBMB+L, FSBMB, or FSBML. The growth performance was recorded during the experiment, and six birds (35-day-old) per group were euthanized. Analysis of their jejunum and ileum showed that the fermented soybean meal significantly improved the villus height in the jejunum (p< 0.05) and reduced the crypt hyperplasia. The FSBMB group had the highest reducing crypt depth; however, the FSBMB+L group had the highest villus height/crypt depth in the ileum (p< 0.05). In the jejunum, the relative mRNA of CLDN-1 and Occludin increased 2-fold in the treatments, and ZO-1 mRNA increased 1.5 times in FSBML and FSBMB+L (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the level of NF-κB and IL-6 mRNAs in FSBML increased, respectively, by 4 and 2.5 times. While FSBMB, along with FSBMB+L, had a 1.5-fold increase in the mRNA of IL-10, that of NF-κB increased 2-fold. FSBMB+L and FSBMB singly led to a 2- and 3-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA, respectively (p< 0.05). FSBMB and FSBMB+L can also upregulate MUC2 in the jejunum (p< 0.05). In short, using the soybean peptides from two-stage fermented soybean meal can ameliorate the negative factors of SBM and effectively regulate immune expression and intestinal repair, which will help broilers maintain intestinal integrity.
Chia Tsai; Li Lin; Chao Wang; Ching Tsai; Shang Chang; Tzu Lee. Assessment of Intestinal Immunity and Permeability of Broilers on Partial Replacement Diets of Two-Stage Fermented Soybean Meal by Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367. Animals 2021, 11, 2336 .
AMA StyleChia Tsai, Li Lin, Chao Wang, Ching Tsai, Shang Chang, Tzu Lee. Assessment of Intestinal Immunity and Permeability of Broilers on Partial Replacement Diets of Two-Stage Fermented Soybean Meal by Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia Tsai; Li Lin; Chao Wang; Ching Tsai; Shang Chang; Tzu Lee. 2021. "Assessment of Intestinal Immunity and Permeability of Broilers on Partial Replacement Diets of Two-Stage Fermented Soybean Meal by Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367." Animals 11, no. 8: 2336.
With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.
Wen-Yang Chuang; Li-Jen Lin; Hsin-Der Shih; Yih-Min Shy; Shang-Chang Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review. Animals 2021, 11, 2098 .
AMA StyleWen-Yang Chuang, Li-Jen Lin, Hsin-Der Shih, Yih-Min Shy, Shang-Chang Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Yang Chuang; Li-Jen Lin; Hsin-Der Shih; Yih-Min Shy; Shang-Chang Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2021. "The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review." Animals 11, no. 7: 2098.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of wheat bran (WB) inclusion and postbiotics form by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase cofermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth performance and health status of broilers. Methods: Study randomly allocated a total of 300 male broilers to a control and 4 treatment groups (5% WB, 5% FWB, 10% WB, and 10% FWB inclusion, respectively) with each pen having 20 broilers and 3 pens per treatment. Results: The WB does not contain enzymes, but there are 152.8, 549.2, 289.5, and 147.1 U/g dry matter xylanase, protease, cellulase and β-glucanase in FWB, respectively. Furthermore, FWB can decrease nitric oxide release of lipopolysaccharide stimulated chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells by about two times. Results show that 10% FWB inclusion had significantly the highest weight gain (WG) at 1 to 21 d; 5% FWB had the lowest feed conversion rate at 22 to 35 d; 10% WB and 10% FWB inclusion have the highest villus height and Lactobacillus spp. number in caecum; and both 5% and 10% FWB can increase ash content in femurs. Compared to control group, all treatments increase mucin 2, and tight junction (TJ), such as occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, and mRNA expression in ileum by at least 5 folds. In chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-1 mRNA expression decreases from 2 to 5 times, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA expression also increases in all treatment groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB, and IL-1β, decreases in 5% and 10% FWB groups compared to control group. Conclusion: To summarize, both WB and FWB inclusion in broilers diets increase TJ mRNA expression and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but up to 10% FWB groups have better WG in different stages of broiler development.
Wen-Yang Chuang; Li-Jen Lin; Yun-Chen Hsieh; Shang-Chang Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers. Animal Bioscience 2021, 34, 1157 -1168.
AMA StyleWen-Yang Chuang, Li-Jen Lin, Yun-Chen Hsieh, Shang-Chang Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers. Animal Bioscience. 2021; 34 (7):1157-1168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Yang Chuang; Li-Jen Lin; Yun-Chen Hsieh; Shang-Chang Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2021. "Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 7: 1157-1168.
Objective: Seaweeds could be an alternative and functional feed resource. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Sargassum meal on laying performance and egg quality of layers.Methods: Two hundred 36-wk-old layers were divided into five treatment groups. Each treatment had four replicates with 10 hens per experimental unit. The corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated as control group. Sargassum meals were included 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 5% to diets for five treatment groups, respectively. Treatment groups were isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets. Laying performance and egg quality were measured for eight weeks.Results: Sargassum meal supplementation did not affect daily feed intake. Supplementation 1% to 3% of Sargassum meal in diets increased daily laying rate and egg mass compared with those from control group (p
Geng-Jen Fan; Bor-Ling Shih; Hui-Chiu Lin; Tzu Tai Lee; Churng-Faung Lee; Yih-Fwu Lin. Effect of dietary supplementation of Sargassum meal on laying performance and egg quality of Leghorn layers. Animal Bioscience 2021, 34, 449 -456.
AMA StyleGeng-Jen Fan, Bor-Ling Shih, Hui-Chiu Lin, Tzu Tai Lee, Churng-Faung Lee, Yih-Fwu Lin. Effect of dietary supplementation of Sargassum meal on laying performance and egg quality of Leghorn layers. Animal Bioscience. 2021; 34 (3):449-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeng-Jen Fan; Bor-Ling Shih; Hui-Chiu Lin; Tzu Tai Lee; Churng-Faung Lee; Yih-Fwu Lin. 2021. "Effect of dietary supplementation of Sargassum meal on laying performance and egg quality of Leghorn layers." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 3: 449-456.
Objective: Wheat bran (WB) was co-fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and phytase (Phy) to determine whether co-fermentation improve WB phosphorus and fiber utilization in Isa-brown layers.Methods: A total of 112 Isa brown layer were randomly divided into 7 treatments with 8 replicates per a treatment and 2 hens per a replicate. The treatments included basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 250 unit/kg Phy (control+Phy), diet with 10% WB (10% WB), diet with 5% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (5% WB+Phy) diet with 10% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (10% WB+Phy), diet with 5% fermented WB supplemented with molasses and phy (PCFWH) and 125 unit/kg Phy (5% PCFWH), and diet with 10% PCFWH (10% PCFWH). The intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and excreta phosphorus content were assessed.Results: In PCFWH, spore counts, protease activity, xylanase activity, and ferulic acid were 8.50 log/g dry matter (DM), 190 unit/g DM, 120 unit/g DM, and 127 μg/g, respectively. Xylobiose and xylotriose were released in PCFWH, while they were not detectable in WB. Antioxidant capacity was also enhanced in PCFWH compared to WB. The 10% WB+Phy and 10% PCFWH groups produced higher egg mass, but hens fed 5% WB+Phy had the lowest amount of feed intake. Eggs from 10% PCFWH had better eggshell weight, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness. Birds fed with 10% PCFWH also had higher serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Compare to control, 10% PCFWH significantly reduced excreta phosphorus content.Conclusion: Diet inclusion of 10% PCFWH improved egg quality, antioxidant status, and excreta phosphorus content of laying hens.
Chung Ming Huang; Wei Chih Lin; Li Jen Lin; Sheng Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. Production performances and antioxidant activities of laying hens fed Aspergillus oryzae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran. Animal Bioscience 2021, 34, 371 -384.
AMA StyleChung Ming Huang, Wei Chih Lin, Li Jen Lin, Sheng Chang Chang, Tzu Tai Lee. Production performances and antioxidant activities of laying hens fed Aspergillus oryzae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran. Animal Bioscience. 2021; 34 (3):371-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung Ming Huang; Wei Chih Lin; Li Jen Lin; Sheng Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. 2021. "Production performances and antioxidant activities of laying hens fed Aspergillus oryzae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 3: 371-384.
Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens.Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured.Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP.Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.
L. W. Chen; W. Y. Chuang; Y. C. Hsieh; H. H. Lin; W. C. Lin; L. J. Lin; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary supplementation with Taiwanese tea byproducts and probiotics on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and the immune response in red feather native chickens. Animal Bioscience 2021, 34, 393 -404.
AMA StyleL. W. Chen, W. Y. Chuang, Y. C. Hsieh, H. H. Lin, W. C. Lin, L. J. Lin, S. C. Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary supplementation with Taiwanese tea byproducts and probiotics on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and the immune response in red feather native chickens. Animal Bioscience. 2021; 34 (3):393-404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. W. Chen; W. Y. Chuang; Y. C. Hsieh; H. H. Lin; W. C. Lin; L. J. Lin; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2021. "Effects of dietary supplementation with Taiwanese tea byproducts and probiotics on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and the immune response in red feather native chickens." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 3: 393-404.
Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.
Y. C. Hsieh; W. C. Lin; W. Y. Chuang; M. H. Chen; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers. Animal Bioscience 2021, 34, 265 -275.
AMA StyleY. C. Hsieh, W. C. Lin, W. Y. Chuang, M. H. Chen, S. C. Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers. Animal Bioscience. 2021; 34 (2):265-275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. C. Hsieh; W. C. Lin; W. Y. Chuang; M. H. Chen; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2021. "Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 2: 265-275.
The Laetiporus sp. is a fungal species that is traditionally used for medicinal purposes. This study investigated the effects of the Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product (FL) as a feed supplementation on the antioxidant activities, the intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Four-hundred one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five experimental diets: (1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), (2) a basal diet replaced with 5% Wheat Bran (5% WB), (3) a basal diet replaced with 10% WB (10% WB), (4) a basal diet replaced with 5% FL (5% FL), and (5) a basal diet replaced with 10% FL (10% FL). The FL-supplemented groups exhibited a better feed conversion ratio in the overall experimental period compared to the WB and control groups. The serum antioxidant profiles of 35-day-old broilers showed that, compared to the control and 10% WB groups, the 5% FL supplementation group had a significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity, while it down-regulated the concentration of malondialdehyde in the serum (p < 0.05). The assessment of selected antioxidant gene expression showed that the 5% FL group significantly elevated heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 expression, compared to the control and WB groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both of the FL supplemented groups had a significantly higher expression of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, compared to that of the WB and control groups in the jejunum (p < 0.05). The TJ mRNA expression in the jejunum showed that 5% FL significantly elevated the zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and mucin-2 expression (p < 0.05), while 5% and 10% FL supplementation significantly improved OCLN expression in both the jejunum and ileum, compared to control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology of 35-day-old broilers showed that a 5% FL supplementation significantly increased the villus height in the ileum and jejunum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 5% and 10% FL supplementation groups had a significantly higher villi:crypt ratio in the ileum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). To conclude, FL supplementation improved the antioxidative status, the TJ mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology, and it was accompanied by a lowered feed conversion ratio in broilers. Finally, 5% supplementation had the overall best results in improving the antioxidant status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers.
Wei Chih Lin; Tzu Tai Lee. The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals 2021, 11, 149 .
AMA StyleWei Chih Lin, Tzu Tai Lee. The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Chih Lin; Tzu Tai Lee. 2021. "The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens." Animals 11, no. 1: 149.
Objective: This study assessed the effects of probiotics on cecal microbiota, gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and immune response in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were randomly allocated to four treatments: negative control (Cont), multi-strain probiotic-treated group (Pro), Salmonella-infected group (Sal), and multi-strain probiotic-treated and Salmonella-infected group (ProSal). All chickens except those in the Cont and Pro groups were gavaged with 1×108 cfu/mL of S. enterica subsp. enterica 4 days after hatching.Results: Our results indicated that body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of birds were significantly reduced (p
Chi Huan Chang; Po Yun Teng; Tzu Tai Lee; Bi Yu. Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2020, 33, 1797 -1808.
AMA StyleChi Huan Chang, Po Yun Teng, Tzu Tai Lee, Bi Yu. Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2020; 33 (11):1797-1808.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi Huan Chang; Po Yun Teng; Tzu Tai Lee; Bi Yu. 2020. "Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 11: 1797-1808.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether goose growth and feather characteristics are influenced by their line and feeding surroundings, inclusive of floor materials and types, since there are no reports regarding these factors.Methods: The 240 White Roman geese which were hatched and sex identified came from 3 commercial goose farms. They were randomly distributed to 24 pens depending on a completely random design. The study continued for 13 weeks and included 3 lines of commercial geese and 2 floor types (cement strip floor [CSF] or cement floor [CF]).Results: The day one gosling weight from A farm was lower than other two farms (96 g vs 107 and 115 g; p
Min Jung Lin; Shen Chang Chang; Tzu Jou Chen; Wei Chih Lin; Shao Yu Peng; Tzu Tai Lee. Effect of line and floor type on growth performance and feather characterization during the growth period of White Roman geese. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2020, 33, 1455 -1462.
AMA StyleMin Jung Lin, Shen Chang Chang, Tzu Jou Chen, Wei Chih Lin, Shao Yu Peng, Tzu Tai Lee. Effect of line and floor type on growth performance and feather characterization during the growth period of White Roman geese. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2020; 33 (9):1455-1462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin Jung Lin; Shen Chang Chang; Tzu Jou Chen; Wei Chih Lin; Shao Yu Peng; Tzu Tai Lee. 2020. "Effect of line and floor type on growth performance and feather characterization during the growth period of White Roman geese." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 9: 1455-1462.
Mushroom waste compost is the main byproduct when cultivating mushrooms. Containing many mycelia, it has a positive effect on animal health but its high fibre content may be detrimental to growth. In order to reduce the environmental problems caused by mushroom waste compost and possibly increase the use of agriculture byproducts, this study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing broiler feed with Pennisetum purpureum schum compost (PWMC) and its effect on meat quality and fat metabolism. Totally 240 broilers were used and allocated to 4 different treatments, including control group, 5% PWMC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented PWMC (FPW) and Pennisetum purpureum schum (PP). Each treatment had 3 replicates and 20 broilers in a pen. The results show that replacing 5% broiler feed with PWMC, FPW and PP decreased the depth of subcutaneous fat in broilers from 3.6 to 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 mm, respectively (p = .0132). Furthermore, adipolysis mRNA expression increased in all treatment groups, slightly increasing breast and thigh meat accumulation. Overall, mushroom waste compost at 5% in broiler diets could improve the body composition of broilers and adipolysis-related mRNA expression.
Wen Yang Chuang; Hsin Der Shih; Yi Ming Shy; Sheng Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. Evaluation of mushroom waste compost on broiler body composition, nutrient absorption and adipose metabolism. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 940 -950.
AMA StyleWen Yang Chuang, Hsin Der Shih, Yi Ming Shy, Sheng Chang Chang, Tzu Tai Lee. Evaluation of mushroom waste compost on broiler body composition, nutrient absorption and adipose metabolism. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):940-950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Yang Chuang; Hsin Der Shih; Yi Ming Shy; Sheng Chang Chang; Tzu Tai Lee. 2020. "Evaluation of mushroom waste compost on broiler body composition, nutrient absorption and adipose metabolism." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 940-950.
This study investigated the effects of a Laetiporus sulphureus-fermented wheat bran (LS) supplementation on the microbiota and digesta characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into three groups fed with a corn–soybean-based diet (control), and the control diet being replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB) and 5% LS, respectively. Each group had four replicates and 20 birds per pen. Metagenomics analysis results of the ileum microbiota showed that, at the family level, the 5% LS groups had over 40% higher Lactobacillaceae compared to the control group in a mean difference comparison. Heat maps showed that, at the phylum level, the population of Firmicutes was higher and Proteobacteria was lower in the ileum of 5% LS compared to the control group. Results of the stack column plots of the top ten OTUs at the family level showed that a 5% LS and 5% WB supplementation altered the broiler microbiota distribution by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Cecal microbiota analysis showed that the 5% LS-supplemented group had approximately 5% and 3% higher Veillonellaceae and Lactobacillaceae, respectively. Stack column plots of the top ten OTUs indicated that the distribution of cecal bacteria in each group was not markedly different. Both the ileum and cecum digesta in the 5% LS supplementation group had a slight and not significant elevation on the total VFA, while the pH values and ammonia nitrogen were significantly lowered compared to the control and 5% WB groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the 5% LS supplementation group had a significantly higher lactic acid concentration in both the ileum and cecum compared to the control and 5% WB groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a 5% LS supplementation could potentially enhance the feed conversion ratio and European Broiler Index (EBI) of broilers by elevating the family Lactobacillaceae and suppressing the phylum Proteobacteria’s population, thus creating changed intestinal environments that may potentially favor the growth and health of the broilers.
Wei Chih Lin; Tzu Tai Lee. Effects of Laetiporus sulphureus-Fermented Wheat Bran on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Digesta Characteristics in Broiler Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 1457 .
AMA StyleWei Chih Lin, Tzu Tai Lee. Effects of Laetiporus sulphureus-Fermented Wheat Bran on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Digesta Characteristics in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Chih Lin; Tzu Tai Lee. 2020. "Effects of Laetiporus sulphureus-Fermented Wheat Bran on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Digesta Characteristics in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 9: 1457.
In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.
Wen Yang Chuang; Yun Chen Hsieh; Li Wei Chen; Tzu-Tai Lee. Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken. Animals 2020, 10, 1282 .
AMA StyleWen Yang Chuang, Yun Chen Hsieh, Li Wei Chen, Tzu-Tai Lee. Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Yang Chuang; Yun Chen Hsieh; Li Wei Chen; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2020. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken." Animals 10, no. 8: 1282.
Objective: This study was conducted to fathom the underlying mechanisms of nutrition intervention and redox sensitive transcription factors regulated by Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product (FAC) dietary supplementation in broiler chickens.Methods: Four hundreds d-old broilers (41±0.5 g/bird) assigned to 5 groups were examined after consuming control diet, or control diet replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB), 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC. Liver mRNA expression of antioxidant, inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways were analyzed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in each group were tested in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) of 35-d old broilers to represent the stress level of the chickens. Furthermore, these cells were stimulated with 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the cell stress tolerance by measuring cell viability and oxidative species.Results: Heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and superoxide dismutase, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that regulates the above antioxidant genes were all up-regulated significantly in FAC groups. Reactive oxygen species modulator protein 1 and NADPH oxygenase 1 were both rather down-regulated in 10% FAC group as comparison with two WB groups. Despite expressing higher level than control group, birds receiving diet containing FAC had significantly lower expression level in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and other genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-richcontaining family, pyrin domain-containing-3, and cyclooxygenase 2) involving in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, except for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that showed relatively higher in both groups, the WB, lipoprotein lipase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein, fatty acid desaturase 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha genes were expressed at higher levels in 10% FAC group. In support of above results, promoted Nrf2 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in chicken liver were found in FAC containing groups. H2O2 and NO levels induced by LPS and AAPH in cPBMCs were compromised in FAC containing diet. In 35-d-old birds, PGE2 production in cPBMCs was also suppressed by the FAC diet.Conclusion: FAC may promote Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and positively regulate lipid metabolism, both are potential inhibitor of NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
M. T. Lee; W. C. Lin; L. J. Lin; Sheng-Yang Wang; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2020, 33, 1167 -1179.
AMA StyleM. T. Lee, W. C. Lin, L. J. Lin, Sheng-Yang Wang, S. C. Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2020; 33 (7):1167-1179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. T. Lee; W. C. Lin; L. J. Lin; Sheng-Yang Wang; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2020. "Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 7: 1167-1179.
Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers.Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured.Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB.Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.
M. T. Lee; W. C. Lin; Li-Jen Lin; Sheng-Yang Wang; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2020, 33, 1113 -1125.
AMA StyleM. T. Lee, W. C. Lin, Li-Jen Lin, Sheng-Yang Wang, S. C. Chang, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2020; 33 (7):1113-1125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. T. Lee; W. C. Lin; Li-Jen Lin; Sheng-Yang Wang; S. C. Chang; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2020. "Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 7: 1113-1125.
As probiotics, fungi enhance animal health and are suitable animal feed additives. In addition to brewing fungi, there are also edible and medicinal fungi. Common fungi utilized in feeding programs include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Pleurotus spp., Antrodia cinnamomea, and Cordyceps militaris. These fungi are rich in glucans, polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenes, ergosterol, adenosine, and laccases. These functional components play important roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immune system regulation. As such, fungal feed additives could be of potential use when breeding livestock. In previous studies, fungal feed additives enhanced body weight and egg production in poultry and improved the feed conversion rate. Several mycotoxins can be produced by hazardous fungi but fortunately, the cell walls constituents and enzymes of fungal probiotics can also act to decrease the toxicity of mycotoxins. Overall, fungal feed additives are of value, but their safety and usage must be studied further, including cost-benefit economic analyses.
Wen Yang Chuang; Yun Chen Hsieh; Tzu-Tai Lee. The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review. Animals 2020, 10, 805 .
AMA StyleWen Yang Chuang, Yun Chen Hsieh, Tzu-Tai Lee. The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):805.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Yang Chuang; Yun Chen Hsieh; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2020. "The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review." Animals 10, no. 5: 805.
This study investigates the effects of L. sulphureus fermented wheat bran (LS) as a feed supplementation on the immunomodulative properties in broiler chickens. Crude phenolic compounds, crude polysaccharides, crude triterpenoids and ergosterol were determined in the LS water extracts. In the animal experiments, 400 male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 5 groups fed with corn-soybean-based diet (control), and control diet replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB), 10% WB, 5% LS and 10% LS, respectively. Each group had 4 replicates and 20 birds per pen (total of 80 birds/ treatment). The results showed that the 5% LS supplemented group had significantly higher body weight in the finisher phase (22-35 d). Better FCR (P < 0.05) of LS supplemented groups was observed in both the finisher phase and the overall experimental period. LS supplemented groups had significantly lower coliform counts in ileum compared to other treatment and control groups (P < 0.05). The results of serum immunoglobulin showed that LS supplementation significantly increased serum IgA concentration compared to the control and WB supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, ileal IgA contents of LS groups were significantly higher than in the WB and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, serum TNF-α and IL-6 in the LS supplemented groups were significantly lower compared to 10% WB group (P < 0.05), while serum TNF-α and IL-1β in the 5% LS group were significantly lower than in both the control and WB supplemented groups (P < 0.05). An investigation on the effects of LS on immune-related genes in broiler showed that chickens supplemented with 5% LS had lower levels of liver and jejunum IL-1β and NF-κB mRNA compared to the control group and WB groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LS supplementation can potentially enhance growth performance of broilers by improving intestinal microflora and inflammation status.
W.C. Lin; T.T. Lee. Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status. Poultry Science 2020, 99, 3606 -3616.
AMA StyleW.C. Lin, T.T. Lee. Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status. Poultry Science. 2020; 99 (7):3606-3616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW.C. Lin; T.T. Lee. 2020. "Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status." Poultry Science 99, no. 7: 3606-3616.
Fish sauce is popular for fermenting food in Southeast and Eastern Asia, while black bean is used to ferment condiments in Taiwan. Researchers have recently investigated the use of fish and black bean sauce in places where combining both fish and black bean is rare. This study was focused on fish sauce made from concentrated tuna cooking juice mixed with black bean koji. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the pre-fermentation stage, a suitable fermentation time with no salt added was determined. In the later fermentation stage, two preformatted samples of 4 and 7 days were added to salt water at 20 °Bé. In the pre-fermentation stage, the results show that the protease activity increased as time passed, but the pH value decreased. The highest browning degree was achieved after 120 days. In the later fermentation period, the total nitrogen contents for both experimental groups of 4 days and 7 days reached up to twice that of soy sauce. The total nitrogen content increased with time. In addition, the level of ammonia nitrogen increased from 0.08 to 0.15 g/dL in the first month. In conclusion, a new flavor of fermented sauce was produced in a shorter time and more effectively by combining tuna cooking juice and black bean.
Jhih-Ying Ciou; Lu-Sheng Hsieh; Tzu-Tai Lee; Changwei Hsieh. Enhancement of Agricultural Processed By-Products: Qualities Analysis of Fermentation Method in Gradient Salt Adding Treatment of Tuna Cooking Juice with Black Bean Koji Added. Foods 2020, 9, 320 .
AMA StyleJhih-Ying Ciou, Lu-Sheng Hsieh, Tzu-Tai Lee, Changwei Hsieh. Enhancement of Agricultural Processed By-Products: Qualities Analysis of Fermentation Method in Gradient Salt Adding Treatment of Tuna Cooking Juice with Black Bean Koji Added. Foods. 2020; 9 (3):320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJhih-Ying Ciou; Lu-Sheng Hsieh; Tzu-Tai Lee; Changwei Hsieh. 2020. "Enhancement of Agricultural Processed By-Products: Qualities Analysis of Fermentation Method in Gradient Salt Adding Treatment of Tuna Cooking Juice with Black Bean Koji Added." Foods 9, no. 3: 320.
Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost (PWMC) is the main byproduct when cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Due to the high mycelium levels in PWMC, it may have potential as a feed supplement for broilers. This study investigated the effects of PWMC supplementation on antioxidant capacity and adipose metabolism in broilers. In the study, 240 broilers were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: basal diet (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% PWMC supplementation. Each treatment group had 60 broilers, divided into three replicates. The results showed that supplementation with 0.5% PWMC decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) from 1.36 to 1.28, compared to the control. Supplementation with 0.5% or 2% PWMC decreased glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the control (p < 0.0001), the concentrations of adiponectin and oxytocin increased from 5948 to 5709, 11820, and 7938 ng/ mL; and 259 to 447, 873, and 963 pg/ mL, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 was slightly increased in the 0.5% and 1% PWMC groups. Both interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were significantly decreased, by about three to five times for IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 to 1.6 times for IL-1ß (p = 0.0002). All antioxidant-related mRNA, including nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD-1), increased significantly following PWMC supplementation. Both claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 increased, especially in the 2% PWMC group. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) significantly increased by about 5, 12, and 11 times in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PWMC groups. All adipolysis-related mRNA were induced in the PWMC treatment groups, further enhancing adipolysis. Overall, 0.5% PWMC supplementation was recommended due to its improving FCR, similar antioxidant capacity, and upregulated adipolysis.
Wen Yang Chuang; Chu Ling Liu; Chia Fen Tsai; Wei Chih Lin; Shen Chang Chang; Hsin Der Shih; Yi Ming Shy; Tzu-Tai Lee. Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers. Animals 2020, 10, 445 .
AMA StyleWen Yang Chuang, Chu Ling Liu, Chia Fen Tsai, Wei Chih Lin, Shen Chang Chang, Hsin Der Shih, Yi Ming Shy, Tzu-Tai Lee. Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers. Animals. 2020; 10 (3):445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Yang Chuang; Chu Ling Liu; Chia Fen Tsai; Wei Chih Lin; Shen Chang Chang; Hsin Der Shih; Yi Ming Shy; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2020. "Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers." Animals 10, no. 3: 445.