Cervical spondylosis adversely affects life quality for its heavy disease burden. The report on the community-based prevalence and associated factors of cervical spondylosis is rare, especially in Chinese population. Whether prevention is needed and how to prevent it is not clear. This study aims to explore its prevalence and related lifestyle factors and provide evidence on prevention of cervical spondylosis. A community-based multistage cross-sectional survey of six communities from the Chinese population was conducted. A face-to-face interview was conducted to obtain individual information, and prevalence was calculated. Single-factor analysis and multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore the associated factors in total and subgroup populations. A total of 3859 adults were analyzed. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis was 13.76%, although it differed significantly among the urban, suburban, and rural populations (13.07%, 15.97%, and 12.25%, respectively). Moreover, it was higher in females than in males (16.51% vs 10.49%). The prevalence among different age groups had an inverted U shape. The highest prevalence was in the age group from 45 to 60 years old. The associated factors differed by subgroups. There were positive associations between engaging in mental work, high housework intensity, and sleep duration of less than 7 h/day with cervical spondylosis. Going to work on foot was a negative factor of cervical spondylosis in the total population. For people aged less than 30 years, keeping the same work posture for 1–2.9 h/day was a special related factor. Exposure to vibration was an associated factor for females aged 45–60 years. Menopause was a special related factor for women. Prevalence of cervical spondylosis was high in Chinese population. People younger than 60 years were the focus of prevention for cervical spondylosis. Moreover, the characters between male and female and among different age groups were different and required targeted interventions.

Background: HPV has been found repeatedly in esophageal carcinoma tissues. However, reported detection rates of HPV DNA in these tumors have varied markedly. Differences in detection methods, sample types, and geographic regions of sample origin have been suggested as potential causes of this discrepancy.Methods: HPV L1 DNA and HPV genotypes were evaluated in 435 esophageal carcinoma specimens collected from four geographic regions with different ethnicities including Anyang in north China, Shantou in south China, Xinjiang in west China, and the United States. The HPV L1 fragment was detected using SPF1/GP6+ primers. HPV genotyping was performed using genotype specific PCR.Results: Two hundred and forty four of 435 samples (56.1%) tested positive for HPV L1. Significant differences in detection rate were observed neither among the three areas of China nor between China and the US. HPV6, 16, 18, 26, 45, 56, 57, and 58 were identified in L1 positive samples. HPV16 and 57 were the most common types in all regions, followed by HPV26 and HPV18.Conclusions: HPV infection is common in esophageal carcinoma independent of region and ethnic group of origin. Findings in this study raise the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Further investigation with a larger sample size over broader geographic areas may be warranted.

To evaluate the association between rate of gestational weight gain and preterm birth varying prepregnancy body mass indices and trimester. Data from Maternal and Newborn’s Health Monitoring System on 17475 pregnant women who delivered live singletons at ≥ 28 weeks of gestation between October 2013 and September 2014 from 12 districts/counties of 6 provinces in China and started prenatal care at ≤ 12 weeks of gestation was analyzed. Gestational weight gain was categorized by rate of weight gain during the 2nd and 3rd trimester, based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between rate of gestational weight gain and preterm birth stratified by prepregnancy body mass indices and trimester. Excessive weight gain occurred in 57.9 % pregnant women, and insufficient weight gain 12.5 %. Average rate of gestational weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester was independently associated with preterm birth (U-shaped), and the association varied by prepregnancy body mass indices and trimesters. In underweight women, excessive gestational weight gain was positively associated with preterm birth (OR 1.93, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.29- 2.88) when compared with women who gained adequately. While in overweight/obese women, insufficient gestational weight gain was positively associated with preterm birth (OR 3.92, 95 % CI: 1.13–13.67). When stratifying by trimester, we found that excessive weight gain in 3rd trimester had a significantly positive effect on preterm birth (OR 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.58). Excessive gestational weight gain among underweight pregnant women, insufficient gestational weight gain among overweight/obese women and excessive gestational weight gain in 3rd trimester were important predictors of preterm birth.

Hypertension is considered to be the leading risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and accounts for a large proportion of premature deaths in China. An empirical understanding of the pattern of disease burden, such as reliable information about the trend and prevalence of hypertension, is essential in developing effective prevention and control strategies and is also important in the decision-making and planning processes of health. However, there are limited comprehensive reviews or nationwide studies that reveal the current burden of hypertension in China. This review is to systematically evaluate hypertension prevalence and determinants as well as its awareness, treatment and control over decades in China. A systematic search was performed for epidemiological studies on hypertension, published between 1982 and January 2013. MeSH major topic terms ‘hypertension’ and ‘prevalence’ and ‘China’ were used in the search. Data on hypertension prevalence, determinants and awareness, as well as its treatment and control, were extracted and compared. Sixty articles were included for data extraction. The prevalence reported in the studies varied from 7.17 to 51.2%. Awareness, treatment and control rates also varied regionally. Except in the central region of China, where a declining trend in hypertension prevalence was witnessed, a rising trend in hypertension prevalence over time could still be observed in other parts of China. Higher hypertension prevalence was found among men and in the urban population, whereas lower prevalence was found in the southern region. Hypertension awareness and treatment rate varied extensively, with a low control rate, nationwide.