The presence or absence of pressure ulcers has been generally regarded as a performance measure of quality nursing care and overall patient health. The aim of this study- wasto explorenurses’ attitude about pressure ulcer prevention’and to identify staff nurses’ perceived barriers to pressure ulcer prevention public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A self-reported multi-center institutional based cross sectional study design was employed to collect data from staff nurses (N = 222) working in six (6) selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, from April 01–28/2015. Majority of the nurses had (n = 116, 52.2%) negative attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention. The mean scores of the test for all participants was 3.09out of 11(SD =0.92, range = 1–5). Similarly, the study revealed several barriers need to be resolved to put in to practice the strategies of pressure ulcer prevention; Heavy workload and inadequate staff (lack of tie) (83.1%), shortage of resources/equipment (67.7%) and inadequate training (63.2%) were among the major barriers identified in the study. The study finding suggests that Addis Ababa nurses have negative attitude to pressure ulcer prevention. Also several barriers exist for implementing pressure ulcer prevention protocols in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Suggestion for improving this situation is attractive.

Pressure ulcer is a preventable medical complication of immobility. It has psychological, economic and social impact on individual and family. Its cost of treatment is more than twice of cost of prevention. It is primarily the nurses’ responsibility to prevent pressure ulcer. The aim of this study was to assess the nurses’ knowledge to pressure ulcer prevention in public hospitals in Wollega. A descriptive multicenter cross-sectional study design using quantitative method was employed to collect data from 212 randomly selected nurses. Data was collected using structured two validated self-administered instruments of pressure ulcer knowledge test evaluate nurses’ knowledge. Mean scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Means, standard deviation, and frequencies were used to describe nurses’ knowledge levels and barriers to pressure ulcer prevention. Analysis of the study displayed 91.5% had inadequate knowledge to pressure ulcer prevention. The mean of nurses’ knowledge in all theme and per item were 11.31 (SD = 5.97) and 0.43 (SD = 0.22).respectively. The study participants had the highest mean item score (2.65 ± 0.87) in nutrition theme, whereas, scored lowest on etiology and development (0.27 ± 0.18) and preventive measures to reduce duration of pressure (0.29 ± 0.18), The study also identified significant nurses read articles (0.000) and received training (p = 0.003). Shortage of pressure relieving devices, lack of staff and lack of training were the most commonly cited perceived barriers to practice pressure ulcer prevention. This study highlights areas where measures can be made to facilitate pressure ulcer prevention in public hospitals in Wollega zones, such as increase regular adequate further training of nurses regarding pressure ulcer/its prevention points.

Palliative care is nowadays essential in nursing care, due to the increasing number of patients who require attention in the final stages of their life. Lack of knowledge of and negative attitude palliative care among nurses is one of the most common barriers to quality palliative care. This study, therefore, aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge about palliative care and attitude toward end-of-life care in public hospitals in Wollega zones, Ethiopia. A multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 372 nurses working in public hospitals in Wollega zones from October 02–22, 2019. A self-administered questionnaire with three different parts: Demographic characteristics of nurses, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN), and the Frommelt Attitudes Towards Care of the Dying (FATCOD). SPSS version 21 was used for analysis used for data analysis. The binary logistic regression test was used for analysis at p < 0.05. Our final sample size was 422 nurses (response rate = 88%). With the mean total PCQN scores (9.34), the majority of them showed an inadequate level of knowledge about palliative care. The mean total FATCOD scores (79.58) displayed a positive attitude toward end-of-life care, with 52% of respondents eager to care for a dying person and their family. Nurses who had PC service experience [AOR = 1.94 CI (1.10–3.42), p = 0.02] and had ever attended training/lecture on PC [AOR = 1.87 CI (1.01–3.46), p = 0.04] were independently associated with nurses’ knowledge about PC. Similarly, nurses who had no PC service experience [AOR = 0.41, CI (0.21–0.79), p = 0.008], who read articles/brochures about PC [AOR = 1.94, CI (1.11–3.39), p = 0.01] and had provided care for a smaller number of terminally ill patients [AOR = 1.74, CI (1.01–2.97), p = 0.04] were significantly associated with nurses’ attitude towards end-of-life care. The study highlighted that nurses’ knowledge about palliative care is inadequate, and showed a less favorable attitude toward end-of-life care. The findings also provide evidence for greater attentions and resources should be directed towards educating and supporting nurses caring for patients with palliative care needs in Wollega Zones.

Background: Although minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is one of the core indicators of a high-quality diet for infants and young children, meeting this dietary diversity standard remains a challenge in Ethiopia. Therefore, adequate information on the status and factors affecting minimum dietary diversity is essential to identify potential strategic interventions. This study to study is to assess DD and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Chelia District, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the seven kebeles of Chelia District from 12th April to April 30th, 2020. Kebele is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select 631 participants who had a child aged 6 to 23 months. Data was entered into the Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. A binary logistic regression was fitted to identify significant factors associated with met MDD at 95% CI and a p-value < 0.05. Results: Less than one-quarter (17.32%) of infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months had met MDD. The dominant group of foods consumed was composed of grains, roots, and tubers. Children aged18-23 months (AOR = 3.26, 1.36-7.79), mothers aged 35-44 years (AOR = 3.25, 1.38-7.45), housewives as household heads (AOR = 3.41, 1.56-2.37), children of smaller family size (AOR = 3.89, 1.18-12.78), and caregivers who studied grade 9-12 (AOR = 9.98, 5.66-17.10), who received information about food diversity during ANC (AOR = 1.48, 2.21-11.23) and PNC (AOR = 3.94, 2.04-7.63) visit, who travels less than one hour to reach the market (AOR = 2.94, 1.24-6.91) and who had high family income (AOR = 4.12, 1.90-8.19) were significantly associated with meeting MDD. Conclusion: Dietary diversity among children aged 6 to 23 months in Chelia District is low. It is proposed that caregivers on MDD be educated/trained and encouraged to share information during health service in order to increase the diverse diet and achieve a better dietary diversity score for infants and younger children.

Background: Scabies is a public health problem that affects children and elders predominantly. Its burden is higher in resource-poor settings, and scabies has a significant impact on the long-term health of children. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about scabies in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of scabies and its associated factors among children aged 5–14 years in Meta Robi District, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design using a multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 457 participants by systematic random sampling. Scabies was diagnosed based on the clinical criteria set by the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS, 2020). Findings: The prevalence of scabies among children aged 5–14 years old was 19.26% (95%CI: 17.20–22.52). In addition, over half (54.6%) of identified cases of scabies were of moderate severity. Factors like families’ low income (aOR = 2.72; 95%CI: 1.32–5.59), being a male child (aOR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.61–4.01), using only water for hand washing (aOR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.84–4.79), having a contact history of scabies/skin lesions (aOR = 4.15, 95%CI: 2.02–13.67), and sharing sleeping beds (aOR = 6.33, 95%CI: 2.09–19.13) were significantly associated with scabies. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of scabies among children aged 5–14 years in the district. Provision of adequate health education for the community and children about the scabies and delivering mass drug administration to the district is suggested.

Background: Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. Published articles from various electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were accessed. In addition, a manual search was performed including Google Scholar. Searching of articles were searched from January 1st to February 1_, 2021. All observational studies conducted among university students in English language were included in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed articles before inclusion in the final review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) instrument for critical appraisal. The I² test was used to assess heterogeneity. Since the included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. Results: We found of 812 published and unpublished studies in our search. Finally, 31 full-text studies were reviewed, and 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 5377 study respondents from 13 studies were included in the study. The results of our study revealed that the pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 49.41% (95% CI 38.67%, 60.13%). The included studies had a sample size ranging from 250 to 792 with the lowest prevalence (19.87%) of self-medication from the University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) was recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. From the pooled estimation, there was a significant association between self-medication and income (OR = 0.67: 95% CI 0.55–0.80). However, the association between self-medication and year of study and sex of participants was insignificant. Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of self-medication among Ethiopian university students was relatively high compared to the current global health problem with an increase in anti-microbial resistance. Health professionals and concerned bodies should pay attention to raising awareness regarding the consequences of using medications without prescription.