The uplift of the Tibet Plateau (TP) during the Miocene is crucial to understanding the evolution of Asian monsoon regimes and alpine biodiversity. However, the northern Tibet Plateau (NTP) remains poorly investigated. We use pollen records of montane conifers ( Tsuga , Podocarpus , Abies , and Picea ) as a new paleoaltimetry to construct two parallel midrange paleoelevation sequences in the NTP at 1332 ± 189 m and 433 ± 189 m, respectively, during the Middle Miocene [~15 million years ago (Ma)]. Both midranges increased rapidly to 3685 ± 87 m in the Late Miocene (~11 Ma) in the east, and to 3589 ± 62 m at ~7 Ma in the west. Our estimated rises in the east and west parts of the NTP during 15 to 7 Ma, together with data from other TP regions, indicate that during the Late Miocene the entire plateau may have reached a high elevation close to that of today, with consequent impacts on atmospheric precipitation and alpine biodiversity.

The southwest Tianshan Mountains of China are bordered by the Tarim foreland and comprise an actively deforming segment of the India‐Asia collisional system. We report a detailed magnetostratigraphic study of the Dashankou section in the Kashi Depression of the Tarim Basin to improve the understanding of the history of sedimentation, denudation, and mountain building in this region. The preferred correlation of the succession with the geomagnetic polarity timescale defines a depositional history between 12.4 and 3.0 Ma with a substantial increase in sedimentation rates identified at ~6.7 Ma corresponding to a pulse of rapid uplift in the southwest Tianshan Mountains. Although climatic changes may have modulated the record during Neogene times, they do not appear to have had an important influence on sediment accumulation rates between 7.0 and 2.6 Ma. Magnetic fabrics identify the influence of a regional stress field imparted by ongoing India‐Asia collision in the lower part of the succession contrasting with predominantly sedimentary fabrics in the higher part of the succession. A major clastic influx with a maximum age estimate of ~3.6 Ma comprises the Xiyu conglomerates, and integration with other magnetostratigraphic investigations around the Tianshan demonstrates unambiguously that depositional onset of this coarse clastic episode is diachronous. Hence, the Xiyu Formation cannot be considered as a chronostratigraphic marker related to any specific tectonic or climatic event.

East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) activity has had profound effects on environmental change throughout East Asia and the western Pacific. Much attention has been paid to Quaternary EAWM evolution, while long-term EAWM fluctuation characteristics and drivers remain unclear, particularly during the late Miocene when marked global climate and Asian paleogeographic changes occurred. To clarify understanding of late Miocene EAWM evolution, we developed a high-precision 9-million-year-long stacked EAWM record from Northwest Pacific Ocean abyssal sediments based on environmental magnetism, sedimentology, and geochemistry, which reveals a strengthened late Miocene EAWM. Our paleoclimate simulations also indicate that atmospheric CO ₂ decline played a vital role in this EAWM intensification over the Northwest Pacific Ocean compared to other factors, including central Asian orogenic belt and northeastern Tibetan Plateau uplift and Antarctic ice-sheet expansion. Our results expand understanding of EAWM evolution from inland areas to the open ocean and indicate the importance of atmospheric CO ₂ fluctuations on past EAWM variability over large spatial scales.

Hyperspectral unmixing aims to extract pure spectral signatures (endmembers) and estimate their corresponding abundance fractions from mixed pixels, enabling quantitative analysis of surface material composition. However, in geological mineral exploration, existing unmixing methods often fail to explicitly identify informative spectral bands, lack inter-layer information transfer mechanisms, and overlook the physical constraints intrinsic to the unmixing process. These issues result in limited directionality, sparsity, and interpretability. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel model, CResDAE, based on a deep autoencoder architecture. The encoder integrates a channel attention mechanism and deep residual modules to enhance its ability to assign adaptive weights to spectral bands in geological hyperspectral unmixing tasks. The model is evaluated by comparing its performance with traditional and deep learning-based unmixing methods on synthetic datasets, and through a comparative analysis with a nonlinear autoencoder on the Urban hyperspectral scene. Experimental results show that CResDAE consistently outperforms both conventional and deep learning counterparts. Finally, CResDAE is applied to GF-5 hyperspectral imagery from Yunnan Province, China, where it effectively distinguishes surface materials such as Forest, Grassland, Silicate, Carbonate, and Sulfate, offering reliable data support for geological surveys and mineral exploration in covered regions.

This paleomagnetic study is located at the northwest extremity of the Tarim Basin and has aimed to constrain the style of neotectonic deformation where indentation of the Pamir Orogen into the southward verging Tian Shan frontal zone has produced a complex zone of thrusting, folding, and strike‐slip. Sampling focused on two Pliocene to Pleistocene sedimentary formations folded across the Mingyaole Anticline; the major structural feature between the two frontal zones has yielded well‐grouped characteristic remanent magnetizations at 18 of 24 sites and a positive fold test. Together with fabric evidence, the results indicate a probable post depositional detrital origin for the remanence. The results show that only small inter‐locational vertical‐axis rotations have occurred within the Kashi‐Atushi fold and thrust system since the Miocene and imply that the Kashi Depression has behaved as a quasi‐rigid block. A common 15°–30° counterclockwise rotation relative to Eurasia since the Miocene of the Kashi Depression and the bordering Tian Shan range proves to be unrelated to the right lateral motion along the Talas‐Ferghana intracontinental transform fault to the north west. This contrast is provisionally interpreted as taking place along a transfer fault between different segments of the thrust belt. Ongoing counterclockwise rotation of the Tarim Basin is interpreted as a regional response to impingement by northward movement of the larger Tibetan Block to the south east.