The prevalence of obesity is on the increase all over the world.^1,2 Obesity is related to vascular diseases, and there is increasing evidence linking vascular risk factors to dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). Nevertheless, the association between obesity and the risk of dementia has not been extensively studied, and the few long-term follow-up studies conducted so far have yielded somewhat conflicting results.^3-6 Further, although vascular risk factors are interrelated and tend to cluster together, earlier studies have focused on a single risk factor alone.^7-10 To our knowledge, no population-based study has yet evaluated the association between midlife body mass index (BMI) and clustering of various vascular risk factors with dementia and AD in late life in both sexes. Herein, we first evaluated the association between midlife BMI and the later development of dementia and AD in a population-based cohort. Second, we investigated how vascular risk factors independently and in clusters could influence the occurrence of dementia and AD.

Introduction: The 2‐year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) multidomain lifestyle intervention trial (NCT01041989) demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition. We investigated whether sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, baseline cognition, or cardiovascular factors influenced intervention effects on cognition.Methods: The FINGER recruited 1260 people from the general Finnish population (60–77 years, at risk for dementia). Participants were randomized 1:1 to multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognition, and vascular risk management) and regular health advice. Primary outcome was change in cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery z‐score). Prespecified analyses to investigate whether participants' characteristics modified response to intervention were carried out using mixed‐model repeated‐measures analyses.Results: Sociodemographics (sex, age, and education), socioeconomic status (income), cognition (Mini–Mental State Examination), cardiovascular factors (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and overall cardiovascular risk), and cardiovascular comorbidity did not modify response to intervention (P‐values for interaction > .05).Conclusions: The FINGER intervention was beneficial regardless of participants' characteristics and can thus be implemented in a large elderly population at increased risk for dementia.

Caffeine stimulates central nervous system on a short term. However, the long-term impact of caffeine on cognition remains unclear. We aimed to study the association between coffee and/or tea consumption at midlife and dementia/Alzheimer's disease (A