Vegetative phase changes in plants describes the transition between juvenile and adult phases of vegetative growth before flowering. It is one of the most fundamental mechanisms for plants to sense developmental signals, presenting a complex process involving many still-unknown determinants. Several studies in annual and perennial plants have identified the conservative roles of miR156 and its targets, SBP/SPL genes, in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the regulation of miR156 expression and how miR156-SPLs mediated plant age affect other processes in Arabidopsis. Powerful high-throughput sequencing techniques have provided rich data to systematically study the regulatory mechanisms of miR156 regulation network. From this data, we draw an expanded miR156-regulated network that links plant developmental transition and other fundamental biological processes, gaining novel and broad insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant-age-related processes in Arabidopsis.

Background: ISCA1 (Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly 1) is involved in the assembly of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters, which are vital for electron transport and enzyme activity. Some studies suggest the potential involvement of ISCA1 in tumor progression through interactions with ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). However, there has been no systematic analysis of its role in FRGs and the TME or its predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy response across different cancer types. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the expression and prognosis of ISCA1 RNA, CNV, methylation, and protein in multiple tumor tissues via data from the TCGA and CPTAC databases and clinical information. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the correlations between ISCA1 and FRGs, immune-related genes (including immune regulatory genes and immune checkpoint genes), immune cell infiltration, immune infiltration scores, tumor stemness, and genomic heterogeneity. Results: We performed drug prediction and validation through molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis to identify candidate drugs that could promote or inhibit ISCA1 RNA expression. Our findings revealed that ISCA1 could serve as a biomarker in thyroid carcinoma, play a role with different FRGs in various cell types, and mediate different ligand–receptor pathways for cell–cell communication. Conclusions: Overall, our study highlights the potential of ISCA1 as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy in thyroid carcinoma and suggests its potential for developing novel antitumor drugs or improving immunotherapy.

Trachidermus fasciatus is a roughskin sculpin fish widespread across the coastal areas of East Asia. Due to environmental destruction and overfishing, the population of this species is under threat. In order to protect this endangered species, it is important to have the genome sequenced. Reference genomes are essential for studying population genetics, domestic farming, and genetic resource protection. However, currently, no reference genome is available for Trachidermus fasciatus, and this has greatly hindered the research on this species. In this study, we integrated nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C methods to thoroughly assemble the Trachidermus fasciatus genome. Our results provided a chromosome-level high-quality genome assembly with a predicted genome size of 542.6 Mbp (2n = 40) and a scaffold N50 of 24.9 Mbp. The BUSCO value for genome assembly completeness was higher than 96%, and the single-base accuracy was 99.997%. Based on EVM-StringTie genome annotation, a total of 19,147 protein-coding genes were identified, including 35,093 mRNA transcripts. In addition, a novel gene-finding strategy named RNR was introduced, and in total, 51 (82) novel genes (transcripts) were identified. Lastly, we present here the first reference genome for Trachidermus fasciatus; this sequence is expected to greatly facilitate future research on this species.