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Renewable generation brings both new energies and significant challenges to the evolving power system. To cope with the loss of inertia caused by inertialess power electronic interfaces (PEIs), the concept of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been proposed. The PEIs under VSG control could mimic the external properties of the traditional synchronous generators. Therefore, the frequency stability of the entire system could be sustained against disturbances mainly caused by demand changes. Moreover, as the parameters in the emulation control processes are adjustable rather than fixed, the flexibility could be enhanced by proper tuning. This paper presents a parameter tuning method adaptive to the load deviations. First, the concept and implementation of the VSG algorithm performing an inertia response (IR) and primary frequency responses (PFR) are introduced. Then, the simplification of the transfer function of the dynamic system of the stand-alone VSG-PEI is completed according to the distributed poles and zeros. As a result, the performance indices during the IR and PFR stages are deduced by the inverse Laplace transformation. Then, the composite influences on the performances by different parameters (including the inertia constant, the speed droop, and the load deviations) are analyzed. Based on the composite influences and the time sequences, an adaptive parameter tuning method is presented. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation.
Weichao Zhang; Xiangwu Yan; Hanyan Huang. Adaptive Performance Tuning for Voltage-Sourced Converters with Frequency Responses. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1884 .
AMA StyleWeichao Zhang, Xiangwu Yan, Hanyan Huang. Adaptive Performance Tuning for Voltage-Sourced Converters with Frequency Responses. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (5):1884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeichao Zhang; Xiangwu Yan; Hanyan Huang. 2020. "Adaptive Performance Tuning for Voltage-Sourced Converters with Frequency Responses." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1884.
As the increasing penetration of inverter-based generation (IBG) and the consequent displacement of traditional synchronous generators (SGs), the system stability and reliability deteriorate for two reasons: first, the overall inertia decreases since the power electronic interfaces (PEIs) are almost inertia-less; second, renewable generation profiles are largely influenced by stochastic meteorological conditions. To strengthen power systems, the concept of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been proposed, which controls the external characteristics of PEIs to emulate those of SGs. Currently, PEIs could perform short-term inertial and primary frequency responses through the VSG algorithm. For renewable energy sources (RES), deloading strategies enable the generation units to possess active power reserves for system frequency responses. Additionally, the deloading strategies could provide the potential for renewable generation to possess long-term frequency regulation abilities. This paper focuses on emulation strategies and economic dispatch for IBG units to perform multiple temporal frequency control. By referring to the well-established knowledge systems of generation and operation in conventional power systems, the current VSG algorithm is extended and complemented by the emulation of secondary and tertiary regulations. The reliability criteria are proposed, considering the loss of load probability (LOLP) and renewable spillage probability (RSP). The reliability criteria are presented in two scenarios, including the renewable units operated in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and VSG modes. A LOLP-based economic dispatch (ED) approach is solved to acquire the generation and reserve schemes. The emulation strategies and the proposed approach are verified by simulation.
Weichao Zhang; Xiangwu Yan; Hanyan Huang. Emulation Strategies and Economic Dispatch for Inverter-Based Renewable Generation under VSG Control Participating in Multiple Temporal Frequency Control. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1303 .
AMA StyleWeichao Zhang, Xiangwu Yan, Hanyan Huang. Emulation Strategies and Economic Dispatch for Inverter-Based Renewable Generation under VSG Control Participating in Multiple Temporal Frequency Control. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (4):1303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeichao Zhang; Xiangwu Yan; Hanyan Huang. 2020. "Emulation Strategies and Economic Dispatch for Inverter-Based Renewable Generation under VSG Control Participating in Multiple Temporal Frequency Control." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4: 1303.
Due to the irreversible energy substitution from fossil fuels to clean energy, the development trend of future power systems is based on renewable energy generation. However, due to the incompatibility of converter-based non-dispatchable renewable energy generation, the stability and reliability of traditional power systems deteriorate as more renewables are introduced. Since conventional power systems are dominated by synchronous machines (SM), it is natural to utilize a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy that intimates SM characteristics on integrated converters. The VSG algorithm developed in this paper originates from mimicking mathematic models of synchronous machines. Among the different models of implementation, the second-order model is simple, stable, and compatible with the control schemes of current converters in traditional power systems. The VSG control strategy is thoroughly researched and case studied for various converter-interfaced systems that include renewable generation, energy storage, electric vehicles (EV), and other energy demands. VSG-based integration converters can provide grid services such as spinning reserves and inertia emulation to the upper grids of centralized plants, distributed generation networks, and microgrids. Thus, the VSG control strategy has paved a feasible way for an evolutionary transition to a power electronics-based future power grid. By referring to the knowledge of traditional grids, a hierarchical system of operations can be established. Finally, generation and loads can be united in universal compatibility architecture under consolidated synchronous mechanisms.
Xiangwu Yan; Weichao Zhang. Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1484 .
AMA StyleXiangwu Yan, Weichao Zhang. Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (7):1484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiangwu Yan; Weichao Zhang. 2019. "Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7: 1484.