Importance Obesity in adolescence has reached epidemic proportions around the world, with the prevalence of severe obesity increasing at least 4-fold over the last 35 years. Most youths with obesity carry their excess adiposity into adulthood, which places them at increased risk for developing obesity-driven complications, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and negatively affects social and emotional health. Given that adolescence is a unique transition period marked by significant physiologic and developmental changes, obesity-related complications can also negatively affect adolescent growth and developmental trajectories. Observations Provision of evidence-based treatment options that are tailored and appropriate for the adolescent population is paramount, yet complex. The multifactorial etiology of obesity along with the significant changes that occur during the adolescent period increasingly complicate the treatment approach for adolescent obesity. Treatment practices discussed in this review include an overview of evidence supporting currently available behavioral, pharmacologic, surgical, and device interventions for obesity. However, it is important to note that these practices have not been effective at reducing adolescent obesity at the population level. Conclusions and Relevance Because adolescent obesity requires lifelong treatment, effectively addressing this disease will require significant resources, scientific rigor, and the provision of access to quality care similar to other chronic health conditions. Effective and less invasive therapies, effective adjuncts, and comprehensive centers that offer specialized treatment are critical. This considerable need for increased attention to obesity care calls for dedicated resources in both education and research for treatment of obesity in youths.

Despite significant progress in recent decades, the recruitment, advancement, and promotion of women in academia remain low. Women represent a large portion of the talent pool in academia, and receive >50% of all PhDs, but this has not yet translated into sustained representation in faculty and leadership positions. Research indicates that women encounter numerous “chutes” that remove them from academia or provide setbacks to promotion at all stages of their careers. These include the perception that women are less competent and their outputs of lesser quality, implicit bias in teaching evaluations and grant funding decisions, and lower citation rates. This review aims to (1) synthesize the “chutes” that impede the careers of women faculty, and (2) provide feasible recommendations, or “ladders” for addressing these issues at all career levels. Enacting policies that function as “ladders” rather than “chutes” for academic women is essential to even the playing field, achieve gender equity, and foster economic, societal, and cultural benefits of academia.