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Dr. Britta Denise Hardesty
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

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0 Resource Management
0 Movement ecology
0 Marine Ecology
0 Plastic pollution
0 Policy and governance

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Short communication
Published: 10 April 2021 in Marine Policy
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Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) represents a major sea-based source of marine debris globally, with far-reaching socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Estimates of the amount of ALDFG entering the ocean have implications for managers and policy makers as they work to tailor solutions at scale. While scientists have worked since the 1970s to develop quantitatively rigorous estimates for ALDFG, the estimate that 640,000 tonnes of ALDFG enters the ocean annually has been repeatedly and erroneously cited for over a decade. We trace the history of this misinformation and discuss the implications of the perpetuation of this estimate. We also discuss major challenges around the creation of statistically robust global ALDFG estimates, and present opportunities to refine and improve estimates of lost fishing gear.

ACS Style

Kelsey Richardson; Chris Wilcox; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. Challenges and misperceptions around global fishing gear loss estimates. Marine Policy 2021, 129, 104522 .

AMA Style

Kelsey Richardson, Chris Wilcox, Joanna Vince, Britta Denise Hardesty. Challenges and misperceptions around global fishing gear loss estimates. Marine Policy. 2021; 129 ():104522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kelsey Richardson; Chris Wilcox; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. 2021. "Challenges and misperceptions around global fishing gear loss estimates." Marine Policy 129, no. : 104522.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Environmental harm from plastic pollution partly results from compliance failure at the individual level. Three prevalent non-compliant motivations for polluting plastics include economic gains, ignorance of the rules and unlikely penalization from inadequately enforced rules. Given compliance is primarily the responsibility of local waste management, we conducted interviews to gain insights to the factors driving changes in the crucial on-ground controls of plastic pollution. We expand on non-compliant motivations and provide a theoretical framework to test the aforementioned. We show that compliance strategies are strongly driven by state judicial and economic controls, specifically new plastic legislation and levies. Furthermore, the priorities of waste managers and the socio-economics and population density of their constituents drove changes in local management efforts. Our findings support the view that the growing global attention on plastic pollution shapes not only what happens at a state level, but also importantly on-ground at the local level.

ACS Style

K.A. Willis; B.D. Hardesty; C. Wilcox. State and local pressures drive plastic pollution compliance strategies. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 287, 112281 .

AMA Style

K.A. Willis, B.D. Hardesty, C. Wilcox. State and local pressures drive plastic pollution compliance strategies. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 287 ():112281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K.A. Willis; B.D. Hardesty; C. Wilcox. 2021. "State and local pressures drive plastic pollution compliance strategies." Journal of Environmental Management 287, no. : 112281.

Original article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Fish and Fisheries
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Illegal fishing is a widespread, global phenomenon that is affecting already heavily depleted wild fish stocks, threatening marine habitats and contributing to marine pollution through discarded fishing gear. Many different measures have been implemented by nation states to deter and prevent illegal fishing. These include coastal surveillance and policing, policies and regulation, and education. In this paper, we examine the case of Australia through an analysis of regulative arrangements, policies and guidelines that form the governance framework to better understand the changing seascape of illegal fishing. We argue that joint efforts with neighbouring states such as Indonesia and regional fisheries management authorities have contributed to a decrease in illegal fishing in and around the Australian EEZ. Finally, we discuss current and future challenges, opportunities, recent advancements and technological approaches for reducing illegal fishing around the world.

ACS Style

Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing. Fish and Fisheries 2020, 22, 518 -531.

AMA Style

Joanna Vince, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox. Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing. Fish and Fisheries. 2020; 22 (3):518-531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. 2020. "Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing." Fish and Fisheries 22, no. 3: 518-531.

Letter
Published: 21 December 2020 in Conservation Letters
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Albatrosses are among the world's most imperiled vertebrates, with 73% of species threatened with extinction. Ingestion of plastic is a well‐recognized threat among three North Pacific species, but lesser known in the southern hemisphere, where it is considered a minor threat. As plastic entering the ocean is increasing while albatross populations decline, the threat of ocean plastic to albatross populations may be underestimated. We present case studies of 107 beach‐cast albatrosses of twelve species, received by wildlife hospitals in Australia and New Zealand, and estimate plastic ingestion and mortality rates for albatrosses in the southern hemisphere. Ingested plastic was present in 5.6% of individuals, and the cause of death in half of these cases. We estimate ingestion of plastic may cause 3.4–17.5% of nearshore mortalities and is worth consideration as a substantial threat to albatross populations. We provide clinical findings and “checklist” methodologies for identifying potential cases of foreign‐body gastrointestinal obstruction. We suggest practical policy responses, empowering decision makers to reduce albatross mortality from anthropogenic sources.

ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Richelle Grace Butcher; David Stewart; Stuart Hunter; Megan Jolly; Phil Kowalski; Britta Denise Hardesty; Baukje Lenting. Plastic ingestion is an underestimated cause of death for southern hemisphere albatrosses. Conservation Letters 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Richelle Grace Butcher, David Stewart, Stuart Hunter, Megan Jolly, Phil Kowalski, Britta Denise Hardesty, Baukje Lenting. Plastic ingestion is an underestimated cause of death for southern hemisphere albatrosses. Conservation Letters. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Richelle Grace Butcher; David Stewart; Stuart Hunter; Megan Jolly; Phil Kowalski; Britta Denise Hardesty; Baukje Lenting. 2020. "Plastic ingestion is an underestimated cause of death for southern hemisphere albatrosses." Conservation Letters , no. : 1.

Article commentary
Published: 11 December 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Kirsten Gilardi; Linda Lowenstine; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. The Need for Attention to Confirmation Bias and Confounding in the Field of Plastic Pollution and Wildlife Impacts: Comment on “Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry”. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 55, 801 -804.

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Kirsten Gilardi, Linda Lowenstine, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox. The Need for Attention to Confirmation Bias and Confounding in the Field of Plastic Pollution and Wildlife Impacts: Comment on “Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry”. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 55 (1):801-804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Kirsten Gilardi; Linda Lowenstine; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. 2020. "The Need for Attention to Confirmation Bias and Confounding in the Field of Plastic Pollution and Wildlife Impacts: Comment on “Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry”." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 1: 801-804.

Review
Published: 03 December 2020 in Conservation Letters
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Pollution by plastic and other debris is a problem affecting the world's oceans and is increasing through time. The problem is so large that prioritizing solutions to effect meaningful change may seem overwhelming to the public and policy makers. Marine megafauna are known to mistakenly eat anthropogenic debris and die from consequent gastrointestinal blockages, perforations and malnutrition, as well as suffer sublethal impacts. We collated information on which specific items were ingested and responsible for causing death across 80 marine species, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea turtles, and seabirds. We evaluated which items were responsible for the highest mortality, and which, if reduced by policy responses or other means, could result in the largest reduction in debris mortality. A limited number of consumer items were shown to be responsible for most megafauna deaths. Flexible plastic is responsible for the largest proportion of debris deaths, primarily due to gastric obstructions. Disproportionately lethal items included plastic bags/sheets/packaging, rope/fishing nets, fishing tackle and balloons/latex. Smaller items, including “microplastics,” though abundant, were seldom implicated in mortality. We provide suggestions to directly curb debris deaths of marine megafauna by prioritizing policies that would reduce or eliminate the input of disproportionately hazardous items into the marine system.

ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Qamar Schuyler; Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty. Plastic pollution is killing marine megafauna, but how do we prioritize policies to reduce mortality? Conservation Letters 2020, 14, 1 .

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Qamar Schuyler, Chris Wilcox, Britta Denise Hardesty. Plastic pollution is killing marine megafauna, but how do we prioritize policies to reduce mortality? Conservation Letters. 2020; 14 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Qamar Schuyler; Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty. 2020. "Plastic pollution is killing marine megafauna, but how do we prioritize policies to reduce mortality?" Conservation Letters 14, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Britta Denise Hardesty; Mark A Hindell; Chris Wilcox. Disentangling the influence of taxa, behaviour and debris ingestion on seabird mortality. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 124071 .

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Britta Denise Hardesty, Mark A Hindell, Chris Wilcox. Disentangling the influence of taxa, behaviour and debris ingestion on seabird mortality. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (12):124071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Britta Denise Hardesty; Mark A Hindell; Chris Wilcox. 2020. "Disentangling the influence of taxa, behaviour and debris ingestion on seabird mortality." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 12: 124071.

Reference work
Published: 16 July 2020 in Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment
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Marine microplastic pollution is increasingly seen as a transboundary problem that requires priority attention and represents a unique governance challenge, given the associated risks and ubiquity of microplastics in the marine environment. Various governance measures to reduce the use of microplastics and to prevent further pollution of the marine environment have been adopted or are under consideration by actors at different levels of governance. This chapter reviews these governance measures and we argue that the primary concern of regulators should be to prevent both primary and secondary microplastic leakage into the marine ecosystems. We proceed with the further assumption that most microplastic enters marine ecosystems from land-based sources, so policies designed to curtail this particular form of plastic pollution are given due emphasis in this chapter. The prevention of microplastic pollution in the oceans is inherently complex, and this chapter examines the governance framework on the global, regional, national, and subnational levels. Both international collaboration and complimentary governance by non-state actors are important in order to effectively prevent microplastic pollution entering the oceans. Evidence from the examples analyzed throughout the chapter confirms that a comprehensive, systems-level approach, including a combination of diverse prevention measures and the involvement of a wide range of actors, is necessary.

ACS Style

Theresa Stoll; Peter Stoett; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. Governance and Measures for the Prevention of Marine Debris. Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment 2020, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Theresa Stoll, Peter Stoett, Joanna Vince, Britta Denise Hardesty. Governance and Measures for the Prevention of Marine Debris. Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment. 2020; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theresa Stoll; Peter Stoett; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. 2020. "Governance and Measures for the Prevention of Marine Debris." Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment , no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Pollution of coastal and marine environments by mismanaged anthropogenic debris is a global threat requiring complex, multilateral solutions and mitigation strategies. International efforts to catalogue and quantify the density, extent and nature of mismanaged waste have not yet assessed the heterogeneity of debris between nearby areas. Better understanding of how debris types and density can be used as a proxy between regions and between land and seafloor habitats at a global scale can aid in developing cost effective and representative debris monitoring systems. Using volunteer collected clean-up and survey data, we compared the proportion and density of both total debris and specific items across 19,428 coastal land and seafloor sites from International Coastal Cleanups and Dive Against Debris surveys, from 86 countries between 2011 and 2018. We show that although some items common on land are also common on the seafloor, there is an overall global mismatch between debris types and densities on land and the seafloor from nearby areas. Correlations in land/seafloor debris type/density occurred primarily for items which entangle and/or sink, including fishing line, plastic bags, glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Minimal similarity between land and seafloor surveys occurs for items which float or degrade. We suggest that to accurately evaluate local debris density, land and seafloor surveys are required to gain a holistic understanding. When detailed information on debris type, relative concentration, and likely source and transport are assessed, more cost effective and efficient policy interventions can be designed and implemented from local through to global scales.

ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Britta Denise Hardesty; George H. Leonard; Hannah Pragnell-Raasch; Nicholas Mallos; Ian Campbell; Chris Wilcox. A global assessment of the relationship between anthropogenic debris on land and the seafloor. Environmental Pollution 2020, 264, 114663 .

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Britta Denise Hardesty, George H. Leonard, Hannah Pragnell-Raasch, Nicholas Mallos, Ian Campbell, Chris Wilcox. A global assessment of the relationship between anthropogenic debris on land and the seafloor. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 264 ():114663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Britta Denise Hardesty; George H. Leonard; Hannah Pragnell-Raasch; Nicholas Mallos; Ian Campbell; Chris Wilcox. 2020. "A global assessment of the relationship between anthropogenic debris on land and the seafloor." Environmental Pollution 264, no. : 114663.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 20 February 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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Marine debris represents a major threat for the environment. Plastic production is increasing exponentially and causing an unprecedented growth of plastic pollution entering the marine environment. Hence, a thorough assessment of debris accumulation areas is required to address the longstanding question about where is all the missing plastic. Most research on marine debris sinks to date has focused on oceanic gyres, the water column, seabeds and wildlife. Relatively little has focused on the potential of coastal areas as debris sinks. To address this knowledge gap, the spatial distribution of debris from the waterline to the backshore was modelled from a continental-scale dataset of coastal debris distribution from 635 surveys across Australia. Results showed that the distribution of debris is significantly correlated with oceanic and atmospheric processes (i.e. onshore Stokes drift and wind), and coastal usage for recreational activities (i.e. regional population and distance to the nearest road). Debris density and size increased from the waterline to the backshore, indicating that the backshore area represents an important debris sink, especially for larger sized items.

ACS Style

Arianna Olivelli; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. Coastal margins and backshores represent a major sink for marine debris: insights from a continental-scale analysis. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 074037 .

AMA Style

Arianna Olivelli, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox. Coastal margins and backshores represent a major sink for marine debris: insights from a continental-scale analysis. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (7):074037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arianna Olivelli; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. 2020. "Coastal margins and backshores represent a major sink for marine debris: insights from a continental-scale analysis." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 7: 074037.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 20 January 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales.

ACS Style

Erik Van Sebille; Stefano Aliani; Kara Lavender Law; Nikolai Maximenko; José M Alsina; Andrei Bagaev; Melanie Bergmann; Bertrand Chapron; Irina Chubarenko; Andrés Cózar; Philippe Delandmeter; Matthias Egger; Baylor Fox-Kemper; Shungudzemwoyo Pascal Garaba; Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy; Britta Denise Hardesty; Matthew J Hoffman; Atsuhiko Isobe; Cleo Jongedijk; Mikael L A Kaandorp; Liliya Khatmullina; Albert Aart Koelmans; Tobias Kukulka; Charlotte Laufkötter; Laurent Lebreton; Delphine Lobelle; Christophe Maes; Victor Martinez-Vicente; Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda; Marie Poulain-Zarcos; Ernesto Rodríguez; Peter Geoffrey Ryan; Alan L Shanks; Won Joon Shim; Giuseppe Suaria; Martin Thiel; Ton S Van Den Bremer; David Wichmann. The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 023003 .

AMA Style

Erik Van Sebille, Stefano Aliani, Kara Lavender Law, Nikolai Maximenko, José M Alsina, Andrei Bagaev, Melanie Bergmann, Bertrand Chapron, Irina Chubarenko, Andrés Cózar, Philippe Delandmeter, Matthias Egger, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Shungudzemwoyo Pascal Garaba, Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy, Britta Denise Hardesty, Matthew J Hoffman, Atsuhiko Isobe, Cleo Jongedijk, Mikael L A Kaandorp, Liliya Khatmullina, Albert Aart Koelmans, Tobias Kukulka, Charlotte Laufkötter, Laurent Lebreton, Delphine Lobelle, Christophe Maes, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda, Marie Poulain-Zarcos, Ernesto Rodríguez, Peter Geoffrey Ryan, Alan L Shanks, Won Joon Shim, Giuseppe Suaria, Martin Thiel, Ton S Van Den Bremer, David Wichmann. The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (2):023003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erik Van Sebille; Stefano Aliani; Kara Lavender Law; Nikolai Maximenko; José M Alsina; Andrei Bagaev; Melanie Bergmann; Bertrand Chapron; Irina Chubarenko; Andrés Cózar; Philippe Delandmeter; Matthias Egger; Baylor Fox-Kemper; Shungudzemwoyo Pascal Garaba; Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy; Britta Denise Hardesty; Matthew J Hoffman; Atsuhiko Isobe; Cleo Jongedijk; Mikael L A Kaandorp; Liliya Khatmullina; Albert Aart Koelmans; Tobias Kukulka; Charlotte Laufkötter; Laurent Lebreton; Delphine Lobelle; Christophe Maes; Victor Martinez-Vicente; Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda; Marie Poulain-Zarcos; Ernesto Rodríguez; Peter Geoffrey Ryan; Alan L Shanks; Won Joon Shim; Giuseppe Suaria; Martin Thiel; Ton S Van Den Bremer; David Wichmann. 2020. "The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 2: 023003.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
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The Galápagos shearwater, Puffinus subalaris, is a seabird endemic to the Galápagos archipelago. Hematology, blood chemistry, and general health parameters have not been published for this species. Analyses were run on blood samples drawn from 20 clinically healthy Galápagos shearwaters captured by hand at their nests at Islote Pitt on San Cristóbal Island in July 2016. A portable blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used to obtain near immediate field results for pH, pO2, pCO2, TCO2, HCO3-, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, creatinine, urea nitrogen, anion gap, and glucose. Blood lactate was measured using a portable Lactate Plus analyzer. The reported results provide baseline data that can be used for comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galápagos shearwaters.

ACS Style

Carlos A. Valle; Catalina Ulloa; Cristina Regalado; Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez; Juan Garcia; Britta Denise Hardesty; Alice Skehel; Diane Deresienski; Gregory Lewbart. HEALTH STATUS AND BASELINE HEMATOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BLOOD GAS VALUES OF GALAPAGOS SHEARWATERS (PUFFINUS SUBALARIS). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2020, 50, 1026 -1030.

AMA Style

Carlos A. Valle, Catalina Ulloa, Cristina Regalado, Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez, Juan Garcia, Britta Denise Hardesty, Alice Skehel, Diane Deresienski, Gregory Lewbart. HEALTH STATUS AND BASELINE HEMATOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BLOOD GAS VALUES OF GALAPAGOS SHEARWATERS (PUFFINUS SUBALARIS). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2020; 50 (4):1026-1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos A. Valle; Catalina Ulloa; Cristina Regalado; Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez; Juan Garcia; Britta Denise Hardesty; Alice Skehel; Diane Deresienski; Gregory Lewbart. 2020. "HEALTH STATUS AND BASELINE HEMATOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BLOOD GAS VALUES OF GALAPAGOS SHEARWATERS (PUFFINUS SUBALARIS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50, no. 4: 1026-1030.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Conservation Physiology
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The swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus, is a seabird endemic to the Galápagos archipelago. In general health, blood chemistry and haematology, parameters have not been published for this species. Blood analyses were run on samples drawn from 58 clinically healthy swallow-tailed gulls captured at Islote Pitt on San Cristóbal Island in July 2016 (28) and South Plaza Island in June 2017 (30). A point of care blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used in the field to obtain results for HCO3−, pH, pCO2, pO2, TCO2, anion gap, chloride, creatinine, glucose, haematocrit, haemoglobin, ionized calcium, potassium, sodium and urea nitrogen. A portable Lactate Plus™ analyzer was used to measure lactate. The baseline data reported is valuable for comparisons amongst different populations in the archipelago and to detect changes in health status of Galápagos swallow-tailed gulls.

ACS Style

Carlos A Valle; Catalina Ulloa; Cristina Regalado; Juan-Pablo Muñoz-Pérez; Juan Garcia; Britta Denise Hardesty; Alice Skehel; Diane Deresienski; Ronald K Passingham; Gregory A Lewbart. Baseline haematology, biochemistry, blood gas values and health status of the Galapagos swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus). Conservation Physiology 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos A Valle, Catalina Ulloa, Cristina Regalado, Juan-Pablo Muñoz-Pérez, Juan Garcia, Britta Denise Hardesty, Alice Skehel, Diane Deresienski, Ronald K Passingham, Gregory A Lewbart. Baseline haematology, biochemistry, blood gas values and health status of the Galapagos swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus). Conservation Physiology. 2020; 8 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos A Valle; Catalina Ulloa; Cristina Regalado; Juan-Pablo Muñoz-Pérez; Juan Garcia; Britta Denise Hardesty; Alice Skehel; Diane Deresienski; Ronald K Passingham; Gregory A Lewbart. 2020. "Baseline haematology, biochemistry, blood gas values and health status of the Galapagos swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus)." Conservation Physiology 8, no. 1: 1.

Research article
Published: 18 November 2019 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Since the start of commercial plastics production in the 1940s, global production has rapidly accelerated, doubling approximately every 11 years. Despite this increase and clear evidence of plastics loss into the oceans, including a substantial standing stock, previous research has not detected a temporal trend in plastic particle concentration in the surface ocean. Using a generalized additive statistical model, we examined the longest dataset available on floating plastic debris collected using plankton nets in the western North Atlantic from 1986 through 2015. There was a significant increasing temporal trend in plastic particle concentration that tracked cumulative global plastics production. We estimated an increase of 506,000 tonnes of floating plastic in the ocean in 2010 alone, or 0.2% of global production. Our results suggest that, while loss of plastic particles from the surface ocean undoubtedly occurs, the input exceeds the collective losses.

ACS Style

Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty; Kara Lavender Law. Abundance of Floating Plastic Particles Is Increasing in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 54, 790 -796.

AMA Style

Chris Wilcox, Britta Denise Hardesty, Kara Lavender Law. Abundance of Floating Plastic Particles Is Increasing in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 54 (2):790-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty; Kara Lavender Law. 2019. "Abundance of Floating Plastic Particles Is Increasing in the Western North Atlantic Ocean." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 2: 790-796.

Research article
Published: 14 October 2019 in Ocean Science
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The Galápagos Archipelago and Galápagos Marine Reserve lie 1000 km off the coast of Ecuador and are among the world's most iconic wildlife refuges. However, plastic litter is now found even in this remote island archipelago. Prior to this study, the sources of this plastic litter on Galápagos coastlines were unidentified. Local sources are widely expected to be small, given the limited population and environmentally conscious tourism industry. Here, we show that remote sources of plastic pollution are also fairly localised and limited to nearby fishing regions and South American and Central American coastlines, in particular northern Peru and southern Ecuador. Using virtual floating plastic particles transported in high-resolution ocean surface currents, we analysed the plastic origin and fate using pathways and connectivity between the Galápagos region and the coastlines as well as known fishery locations around the east Pacific Ocean. We also analysed how incorporation of wave-driven currents (Stokes drift) affects these pathways and connectivity. We found that only virtual particles that enter the ocean from Peru, Ecuador, and (when waves are not taken into account) Colombia can reach the Galápagos region. It takes these particles a few months to travel from their coastal sources on the American continent to the Galápagos region. The connectivity does not seem to vary substantially between El Niño and La Niña years. Identifying these sources and the timing and patterns of the transport can be useful for identifying integrated management opportunities to reduce plastic pollution from reaching the Galápagos Archipelago.

ACS Style

Erik van Sebille; Philippe Delandmeter; John Schofield; Britta Denise Hardesty; Jen Jones; Andy Donnelly. Basin-scale sources and pathways of microplastic that ends up in the Galápagos Archipelago. Ocean Science 2019, 15, 1341 -1349.

AMA Style

Erik van Sebille, Philippe Delandmeter, John Schofield, Britta Denise Hardesty, Jen Jones, Andy Donnelly. Basin-scale sources and pathways of microplastic that ends up in the Galápagos Archipelago. Ocean Science. 2019; 15 (5):1341-1349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erik van Sebille; Philippe Delandmeter; John Schofield; Britta Denise Hardesty; Jen Jones; Andy Donnelly. 2019. "Basin-scale sources and pathways of microplastic that ends up in the Galápagos Archipelago." Ocean Science 15, no. 5: 1341-1349.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2019 in Sustainability
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Bottled water is one sector of the beverage industry that has recently experienced substantial growth. The littering of plastic water bottles and the carbon emissions produced from bottled water production results in harmful effects on the environment. To reduce the harm of bottled water production and litter, government and non-government organisations have implemented litter abatement and behavioural change strategies targeting bottled water consumption and subsequent loss of bottles to the environment. Our study evaluated the success of one of these strategies, which is a filtered water refill station, implemented along the Brisbane River in Queensland, Australia. We found plastic bottle litter decreased after a water refill station was put into operation. However, given the location of the refill station, we suggest the behavioural change strategy employed did not reach its full potential. We highlight factors that could be employed to achieve maximum benefits when implementing similar behavioural change strategies.

ACS Style

Kathryn Willis; Chris Wilcox; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. The Success of Water Refill Stations Reducing Single-Use Plastic Bottle Litter. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5232 .

AMA Style

Kathryn Willis, Chris Wilcox, Joanna Vince, Britta Denise Hardesty. The Success of Water Refill Stations Reducing Single-Use Plastic Bottle Litter. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathryn Willis; Chris Wilcox; Joanna Vince; Britta Denise Hardesty. 2019. "The Success of Water Refill Stations Reducing Single-Use Plastic Bottle Litter." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5232.

Review article
Published: 28 August 2019 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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Plastics and other artificial materials pose new risks to health of the ocean. Anthropogenic debris travels across large distances and is ubiquitous in the water and on the shorelines, yet, observations of its sources, composition, pathways and distributions in the ocean are very sparse and inaccurate. Total amounts of plastics and other man-made debris in the ocean and on the shore, temporal trends in these amounts under exponentially increasing production, as well as degradation processes, vertical fluxes and time scales are largely unknown. Present ocean circulation models are not able to accurately simulate drift of debris because of its complex hydrodynamics. In this paper we discuss the structure of the future integrated marine debris observing system (IMDOS) that is required to provide long-term monitoring of the state of the anthropogenic pollution and support operational activities to mitigate impacts on the ecosystem and safety of maritime activity. The proposed observing system integrates remote sensing and in situ observations. Also, models are used to optimize the design of the system and, in turn, they will be gradually improved using the products of the system. Remote sensing technologies will provide spatially coherent coverage and consistent surveying time series at local to global scale. Optical sensors, including high-resolution imaging, multi- and hyperspectral, fluorescence, and Raman technologies, as well as SAR will be used to measure different types of debris. They will be implemented in a variety of platforms, from hand-held tools to ship-, buoy-, aircraft-, and satellite-based sensors. A network of in situ observations, including reports from volunteers, citizen scientists and ships of opportunity, will be developed to provide data for calibration/validation of remote sensors and to monitor the spread of plastic pollution and other marine debris. IMDOS will interact with other observing systems monitoring physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean and on shorelines as well as state of the ecosystem, maritime activities and safety, drift of sea ice, etc. The synthesized data will support innovative multi-disciplinary research and serve diverse community of users.

ACS Style

Nikolai Maximenko; Paolo Corradi; Kara Lavender Law; Erik Van Sebille; Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba; Richard Stephen Lampitt; Francois Galgani; Victor Martinez-Vicente; Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy; Joana Mira Veiga; Richard C. Thompson; Christophe Maes; Delwyn Moller; Carolin Löscher; Anna Maria Addamo; Megan R. Lamson; Luca R. Centurioni; Nicole Posth; Rick Lumpkin; Matteo Vinci; Ana Maria Martins; Catharina Pieper; Atsuhiko Isobe; Georg Hanke; Margo Edwards; Irina Chubarenko; Ernesto Rodriguez; Stefano Aliani; Manuel Arias; Gregory P. Asner; Alberto Brosich; James T. Carlton; Yi Chao; Anna-Marie Cook; Andy Cundy; Tamara S. Galloway; Alessandra Giorgetti; Gustavo Jorge Goni; Yann Guichoux; Linsey E. Haram; Britta Denise Hardesty; Neil Holdsworth; Laurent Lebreton; Heather A. Leslie; Ilan Macadam-Somer; Thomas Mace; Mark Manuel; Robert Marsh; Elodie Martinez; Daniel J. Mayor; Morgan Le Moigne; Maria Eugenia Molina Jack; Matt Charles Mowlem; Rachel W. Obbard; Katsiaryna Pabortsava; Bill Robberson; Amelia-Elena Rotaru; Gregory M. Ruiz; Maria Teresa Spedicato; Martin Thiel; Alexander Turra; Chris Wilcox. Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System. Frontiers in Marine Science 2019, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Nikolai Maximenko, Paolo Corradi, Kara Lavender Law, Erik Van Sebille, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, Richard Stephen Lampitt, Francois Galgani, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy, Joana Mira Veiga, Richard C. Thompson, Christophe Maes, Delwyn Moller, Carolin Löscher, Anna Maria Addamo, Megan R. Lamson, Luca R. Centurioni, Nicole Posth, Rick Lumpkin, Matteo Vinci, Ana Maria Martins, Catharina Pieper, Atsuhiko Isobe, Georg Hanke, Margo Edwards, Irina Chubarenko, Ernesto Rodriguez, Stefano Aliani, Manuel Arias, Gregory P. Asner, Alberto Brosich, James T. Carlton, Yi Chao, Anna-Marie Cook, Andy Cundy, Tamara S. Galloway, Alessandra Giorgetti, Gustavo Jorge Goni, Yann Guichoux, Linsey E. Haram, Britta Denise Hardesty, Neil Holdsworth, Laurent Lebreton, Heather A. Leslie, Ilan Macadam-Somer, Thomas Mace, Mark Manuel, Robert Marsh, Elodie Martinez, Daniel J. Mayor, Morgan Le Moigne, Maria Eugenia Molina Jack, Matt Charles Mowlem, Rachel W. Obbard, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Bill Robberson, Amelia-Elena Rotaru, Gregory M. Ruiz, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Martin Thiel, Alexander Turra, Chris Wilcox. Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikolai Maximenko; Paolo Corradi; Kara Lavender Law; Erik Van Sebille; Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba; Richard Stephen Lampitt; Francois Galgani; Victor Martinez-Vicente; Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy; Joana Mira Veiga; Richard C. Thompson; Christophe Maes; Delwyn Moller; Carolin Löscher; Anna Maria Addamo; Megan R. Lamson; Luca R. Centurioni; Nicole Posth; Rick Lumpkin; Matteo Vinci; Ana Maria Martins; Catharina Pieper; Atsuhiko Isobe; Georg Hanke; Margo Edwards; Irina Chubarenko; Ernesto Rodriguez; Stefano Aliani; Manuel Arias; Gregory P. Asner; Alberto Brosich; James T. Carlton; Yi Chao; Anna-Marie Cook; Andy Cundy; Tamara S. Galloway; Alessandra Giorgetti; Gustavo Jorge Goni; Yann Guichoux; Linsey E. Haram; Britta Denise Hardesty; Neil Holdsworth; Laurent Lebreton; Heather A. Leslie; Ilan Macadam-Somer; Thomas Mace; Mark Manuel; Robert Marsh; Elodie Martinez; Daniel J. Mayor; Morgan Le Moigne; Maria Eugenia Molina Jack; Matt Charles Mowlem; Rachel W. Obbard; Katsiaryna Pabortsava; Bill Robberson; Amelia-Elena Rotaru; Gregory M. Ruiz; Maria Teresa Spedicato; Martin Thiel; Alexander Turra; Chris Wilcox. 2019. "Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System." Frontiers in Marine Science 6, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Fish and Fisheries
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Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) represents a significant, yet ultimately unknown amount of global marine debris, with serious environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study reviews 68 publications from 1975 to 2017 that contain quantitative information about fishing gear losses. Gear loss estimates reported by the studies ranged widely, with all net studies reviewed reporting annual gear loss rates from 0% to 79.8%, all trap studies reporting gear loss rates from 0% to 88%, and all line studies reporting gear loss rates from 0.1% to 79.2%. Information obtained from this review was used to perform a meta‐analysis that provides the first synthetic, statistically robust estimates of global fishing gear losses. The meta‐analysis estimates global fishing gear losses for different major gear types. We estimate that 5.7% of all fishing nets, 8.6% of all traps, and 29% of all lines are lost around the world each year. Furthermore, we identified key gear characteristics, operational aspects and environmental contexts that influence gear loss. These estimates can be used to support sustainable fisheries development through informing risk assessments for fisheries and monitoring and assessment efforts to reduce gear losses.

ACS Style

Kelsey Richardson; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis. Fish and Fisheries 2019, 20, 1218 -1231.

AMA Style

Kelsey Richardson, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox. Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis. Fish and Fisheries. 2019; 20 (6):1218-1231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kelsey Richardson; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox. 2019. "Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis." Fish and Fisheries 20, no. 6: 1218-1231.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Plastic marine pollution is an increasing threat to global marine diversity. Quantifying this threat is particularly difficult and complex, especially when evaluating multiple species with different ecological requirements. Here, we examine the semi-enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea where the inputs of plastic pollution and its impact on marine diversity are still widely unknown. Eighty-four species from six taxonomic classes were evaluated to assess the risk of ingesting plastic marine debris, integrating inter-specific factors such as plastic exposure rates and life history traits (e.g., motility, habitat, and body size). Species were modelled within a spatial context to identify and estimate their exposure to plastic ingestion across the Mediterranean Sea using literature data, species distribution maps and plastic dispersion models. Our approach identified hotspots for the risk of plastic ingestion across multiple taxa in the Mediterranean Sea, highlighting that coastal species are at higher risk of ingesting plastic in the marine environment than open-sea species. The plastic exposure analysis indicated that species with larger home ranges were more at risk of exposure with increased distances while local species were more likely to be exposed to plastic closer to the centre of their home range location. The approach used in this study can be applied to support management and mitigation efforts throughout the Mediterranean Sea and in other geographic regions to minimize the impact of plastic pollution on marine diversity.

ACS Style

Montserrat Compa; Carme Alomar; Chris Wilcox; Erik van Sebille; Laurent Lebreton; Britta Denise Hardesty; Salud Deudero. Risk assessment of plastic pollution on marine diversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 678, 188 -196.

AMA Style

Montserrat Compa, Carme Alomar, Chris Wilcox, Erik van Sebille, Laurent Lebreton, Britta Denise Hardesty, Salud Deudero. Risk assessment of plastic pollution on marine diversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 678 ():188-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montserrat Compa; Carme Alomar; Chris Wilcox; Erik van Sebille; Laurent Lebreton; Britta Denise Hardesty; Salud Deudero. 2019. "Risk assessment of plastic pollution on marine diversity in the Mediterranean Sea." Science of The Total Environment 678, no. : 188-196.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2019 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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Pollution of the world's oceans by marine debris has direct consequences for wildlife, with fragments of plastic <10 mm the most abundant buoyant litter in the ocean. Seabirds are susceptible to debris ingestion, commonly mistaking floating plastics for food. Studies have shown that half of petrel species regularly ingest anthropogenic waste. Despite the regularity of debris ingestion, no studies to date have quantified the dimensions of debris items ingested across petrel species ranging in size. We excised and measured 1694 rigid anthropogenic debris items from 348 petrel carcasses of 20 species. We found that although the size of items ingested by petrels scale positively with the size of the bird, 90% of all debris items ingested across species fall within a narrow “danger zone” range of 2–10 mm, overlapping with the most abundant oceanic debris size. We conclude that this globally profuse size range of marine plastics is an ingestion hazard to petrels.

ACS Style

Lauren Roman; Harriet Paterson; Kathy A. Townsend; Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty; Mark Hindell. Size of marine debris items ingested and retained by petrels. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019, 142, 569 -575.

AMA Style

Lauren Roman, Harriet Paterson, Kathy A. Townsend, Chris Wilcox, Britta Denise Hardesty, Mark Hindell. Size of marine debris items ingested and retained by petrels. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2019; 142 ():569-575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren Roman; Harriet Paterson; Kathy A. Townsend; Chris Wilcox; Britta Denise Hardesty; Mark Hindell. 2019. "Size of marine debris items ingested and retained by petrels." Marine Pollution Bulletin 142, no. : 569-575.