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M. Plante-Dubé; C. Picard; I. Gilbert; C. Robert; V. Fievez; B. Vlaeminck; C. Belleannée; R. Gervais; P.Y. Chouinard. Effects of a dietary supplement enriched in palmitoleic acid on fatty acid composition of follicular fluid, granulosa cell metabolism, and oocyte developmental capacity in early lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3693 -3706.
AMA StyleM. Plante-Dubé, C. Picard, I. Gilbert, C. Robert, V. Fievez, B. Vlaeminck, C. Belleannée, R. Gervais, P.Y. Chouinard. Effects of a dietary supplement enriched in palmitoleic acid on fatty acid composition of follicular fluid, granulosa cell metabolism, and oocyte developmental capacity in early lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (3):3693-3706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Plante-Dubé; C. Picard; I. Gilbert; C. Robert; V. Fievez; B. Vlaeminck; C. Belleannée; R. Gervais; P.Y. Chouinard. 2021. "Effects of a dietary supplement enriched in palmitoleic acid on fatty acid composition of follicular fluid, granulosa cell metabolism, and oocyte developmental capacity in early lactation dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 3: 3693-3706.
L. Dewanckele; P.G. Toral; B. Vlaeminck; V. Fievez. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 7655 -7681.
AMA StyleL. Dewanckele, P.G. Toral, B. Vlaeminck, V. Fievez. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (9):7655-7681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Dewanckele; P.G. Toral; B. Vlaeminck; V. Fievez. 2020. "Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 9: 7655-7681.
Bacteria involved in ruminal formation of trans-10 intermediates are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying rumen bacteria that produce trans-10 intermediates from 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids. Pure cultures of 28 rumen bacterial species were incubated individually in the presence of 40 μg/mL 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6 or trans-11 18:1 under control or lactate-enriched (200 mM Na lactate) conditions for 24 h. Of the 28 strains, Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) was the only bacterium found to produce trans-10 intermediates from 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6, irrespective of the growth condition. To further assess the potential importance of this species in the trans-11 to trans-10 shift, different biomass ratios of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (as a trans-11 producer) and C. acnes were incubated in different growth media (control, low pH and 22:6n-3 enriched media) containing 40 μg/mL 18:2n-6. Under control conditions, a trans-10 shift, defined in the current study as trans-10/trans-11 ≥ 0.9, occurred when the biomass of C. acnes represented between 90 and 98% of the inoculum. A low pH or addition of 22:6n-3 inhibited cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation by B. fibrisolvens and C. acnes, respectively, whereby C. acnes seemed to be more tolerant. This resulted in a decreased biomass of C. acnes required at inoculation to induce a trans-10 shift to 50% (low pH) and 90% (22:6n-3 addition). Among the bacterial species studied,C. acnes was the only bacterium that have the metabolic ability to produce trans-10 intermediates from 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6. Nevertheless, this experiment revealed that it is unlikely that C. acnes is the only or predominant species involved in the trans-11 to trans-10 shift in vivo.
Lore Dewanckele; Jeyamalar Jeyanathan; Bruno Vlaeminck; Veerle Fievez. Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates. BMC Microbiology 2020, 20, 1 -21.
AMA StyleLore Dewanckele, Jeyamalar Jeyanathan, Bruno Vlaeminck, Veerle Fievez. Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates. BMC Microbiology. 2020; 20 (1):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLore Dewanckele; Jeyamalar Jeyanathan; Bruno Vlaeminck; Veerle Fievez. 2020. "Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates." BMC Microbiology 20, no. 1: 1-21.
L Dewanckele; P G Toral; B Vlaeminck; V Fievez. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleL Dewanckele, P G Toral, B Vlaeminck, V Fievez. Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL Dewanckele; P G Toral; B Vlaeminck; V Fievez. 2020. "Invited review: Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: An update." , no. : 1.
Ruminal microbiota of cattle are not able to detoxify all mycotoxins. In addition, detoxification can be hampered by adverse ruminal conditions (e.g., low ruminal pH). Hence, in the cattle husbandry, mycotoxin binders and modifiers could be used to prevent animal exposure to mycotoxins. In this study, an in vitro rumen model, including feed matrix, was established as first screening tool to test the efficacy of five products claiming to detoxify mycotoxins. The detoxifiers had different modes of action: (a) binding (three products); (b) enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone (ZEN; one product, ZenA); and (c) bacterial transformation of trichothecenes (one product, BBSH 797). For the mycotoxin binders, the binding to the mycotoxins enniatin B (ENN B), roquefortine C (ROQ-C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) were tested at a dose recommended by the manufacturers. The in vitro model demonstrated that all binders adsorbed ENN B to a certain extent, while only one of the binders also partially adsorbed ROQ-C. The binders did not change the concentrations of the other mycotoxins in the ruminal fluid. The enzyme ZenA detoxified ZEN very quickly and prevented the formation of the more toxic metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), both at normal (6.8) and low ruminal pH (5.8). The addition of BBSH 797 enhanced detoxification of DON and NIV, both at normal and low ruminal pH. The in vitro rumen model demonstrated that the addition of ZenA seems to be a very promising strategy to prevent estrogenic effects of ZEN contaminated feed, and BBSH 797 is efficient in the detoxification of trichothecenes.
Sandra Debevere; Dian Schatzmayr; Nicole Reisinger; Markus Aleschko; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Siska Croubels; Veerle Fievez. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an In Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool. Toxins 2020, 12, 405 .
AMA StyleSandra Debevere, Dian Schatzmayr, Nicole Reisinger, Markus Aleschko, Geert Haesaert, Michael Rychlik, Siska Croubels, Veerle Fievez. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an In Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Debevere; Dian Schatzmayr; Nicole Reisinger; Markus Aleschko; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Siska Croubels; Veerle Fievez. 2020. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an In Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool." Toxins 12, no. 6: 405.
The nutritionally imbalanced poor-quality diet feeding is the major constraint of dairy production in tropical regions. Hence, alternative high-quality roughage-based diets are required to improve milk yield and reduce methane emission (CH4). Thus, we tested the effects of feeding natural pasture hay, improved forage grass hays (Napier and Brachiaria Hybrid), and treated crop residues (Eragrostis tef straw) on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen balance, and methane emission. The eight lactating Fogera cows selected for the experiment were assigned randomly to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were housed in well-ventilated individual pens and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) comprising 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. The four roughage-based basal dietary treatments supplemented with formulated concentrate were: Control (natural pasture hay (NPH)); treated teff straw silage (TTS); Napier grass hay (NGH); and Brachiaria hybrid grass hay (BhH). Compared with the control diet, the daily milk yield increased (p < 0.01) by 31.9%, 52.9%, and 71.6% with TTS, NGH, and BhH diets, respectively. Cows fed BhH had the highest dry matter intake (8.84 kg/d), followed by NGH (8.10 kg/d) and TTS (7.71 kg/d); all of these intakes were greater (p = 0.01) than that of NPH (6.21 kg/d). Nitrogen digestibility increased (p < 0.01) from the NPH diet to TTS (by 27.7%), NGH (21.7%), and BhH (39.5%). The concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen was higher for cows fed NGH than other diets (p = 0.01) and positively correlated with plasma urea nitrogen concentration (R² = 0.45). Feeding TTS, NGH, and BhH hay as a basal diet changed the nitrogen excretion pathway from urine to feces, which can help protect against environmental pollution. Estimated methane yields per dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased in dairy cows fed BhH, NGH, and TTS diets when compared to cows fed an NPH diet (p < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of TTS, NGH, and BhH roughages as a basal diet to lactating dairy cows in tropical regions improved nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and reduced enteric methane emission.
Shigdaf Mekuriaw; Atsushi Tsunekawa; Toshiyoshi Ichinohe; Firew Tegegne; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Nobuyuki Kobayashi; Asaminew Tassew; Yeshambel Mekuriaw; Misganaw Walie; Mitsuru Tsubo; Toshiya Okuro; Derege Tsegaye Meshesha; Mulugeta Meseret; Laiju Sam; Veerle Fievez. Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis Tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia. Animals 2020, 10, 1021 .
AMA StyleShigdaf Mekuriaw, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Toshiyoshi Ichinohe, Firew Tegegne, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Asaminew Tassew, Yeshambel Mekuriaw, Misganaw Walie, Mitsuru Tsubo, Toshiya Okuro, Derege Tsegaye Meshesha, Mulugeta Meseret, Laiju Sam, Veerle Fievez. Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis Tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):1021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShigdaf Mekuriaw; Atsushi Tsunekawa; Toshiyoshi Ichinohe; Firew Tegegne; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Nobuyuki Kobayashi; Asaminew Tassew; Yeshambel Mekuriaw; Misganaw Walie; Mitsuru Tsubo; Toshiya Okuro; Derege Tsegaye Meshesha; Mulugeta Meseret; Laiju Sam; Veerle Fievez. 2020. "Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis Tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia." Animals 10, no. 6: 1021.
Ruminants are generally considered to be less susceptible to the effects of mycotoxins than monogastric animals as the rumen microbiota are capable of detoxifying some of these toxins. Despite this potential degradation, mycotoxin-associated subclinical health problems are seen in dairy cows. In this research, the disappearance of several mycotoxins was determined in an in vitro rumen model and the effect of realistic concentrations of those mycotoxins on fermentation was assessed by volatile fatty acid production. In addition, two hypotheses were tested: (1) a lower rumen pH leads to a decreased degradation of mycotoxins and (2) rumen fluid of lactating cows degrade mycotoxins better than rumen fluid of non-lactating cows. Maize silage was spiked with a mixture of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), enniatin B (ENN B), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROQ-C) and zearalenone (ZEN). Fresh rumen fluid of two lactating cows (L) and two non-lactating cows (N) was added to a buffer of normal pH (6.8) and low pH (5.8), leading to four combinations (L6.8, L5.8, N6.8, N5.8), which were added to the spiked maize substrate. In this study, mycotoxins had no effect on volatile fatty acid production. However, not all mycotoxins fully disappeared during incubation. ENN B and ROQ-C disappeared only partially, whereas MPA showed almost no disappearance. The disappearance of DON, NIV, and ENN B was hampered when pH was low, especially when the inoculum of non-lactating cows was used. For ZEN, a limited transformation of ZEN to α-ZEL and β-ZEL was observed, but only at pH 6.8. In conclusion, based on the type of mycotoxin and the ruminal conditions, mycotoxins can stay intact in the rumen.
Sandra Debevere; An Cools; Siegrid De Baere; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Siska Croubels; Veerle Fievez. In Vitro Rumen Simulations Show a Reduced Disappearance of Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Enniatin B at Conditions of Rumen Acidosis and Lower Microbial Activity. Toxins 2020, 12, 101 .
AMA StyleSandra Debevere, An Cools, Siegrid De Baere, Geert Haesaert, Michael Rychlik, Siska Croubels, Veerle Fievez. In Vitro Rumen Simulations Show a Reduced Disappearance of Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Enniatin B at Conditions of Rumen Acidosis and Lower Microbial Activity. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Debevere; An Cools; Siegrid De Baere; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Siska Croubels; Veerle Fievez. 2020. "In Vitro Rumen Simulations Show a Reduced Disappearance of Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Enniatin B at Conditions of Rumen Acidosis and Lower Microbial Activity." Toxins 12, no. 2: 101.
To examine the intra- and inter-individual variability in fatty acid composition of follicular fluid (FF) of 23 patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. The average coefficient of variation within each patient (CVw) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values of FF fatty acid composition as well as correlation between the fatty acid composition of individual, pooled or first-punctured follicles, were assessed. The proportions of 16:0, 18:0, cis-9 18:1, 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3, total MUFA and n-3 PUFA showed good reproducibility (CVw < 10%). Although CVw values of 18:3n-3 and 20:3n-6 exceeded 10%, variation between patients exceeded intra-individual variation as indicated by elevated ICC values (0.61 and 0.66, respectively). Nevertheless, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 showed non-negligible intra-patient variation. With the exception of some minor fatty acids (< 0.30 g/100 g), strong relationships were demonstrated between the average proportion in individually analysed follicles and the proportion determined in pooled samples and in the first, largest follicle. The CVw and ICC values of proportions of 16:0, 18:0, cis-9 18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, total MUFA and n-3 PUFA showed limited intra-individual variation and moderate to good reliability. However, this is not the case for some other PUFA, such as 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3. Nevertheless, for all of these fatty acid(s) (groups), calculated average fatty acid proportions were highly correlated with proportions determined in pooled samples and in the first, largest follicle. This implies that single or pooled follicle aspiration suffices to assess intra-individual variation in the FF of these fatty acids.
Y. J. Liu; B. Vlaeminck; K. Tilleman; P. Y. Chouinard; R. Gervais; P. De Sutter; V. Fievez. Intra- and inter-individual variability of fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid in a cohort of 23 women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 2020, 37, 649 -655.
AMA StyleY. J. Liu, B. Vlaeminck, K. Tilleman, P. Y. Chouinard, R. Gervais, P. De Sutter, V. Fievez. Intra- and inter-individual variability of fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid in a cohort of 23 women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2020; 37 (3):649-655.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. J. Liu; B. Vlaeminck; K. Tilleman; P. Y. Chouinard; R. Gervais; P. De Sutter; V. Fievez. 2020. "Intra- and inter-individual variability of fatty acid composition of the follicular fluid in a cohort of 23 women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 37, no. 3: 649-655.
The background of the current in vitro study involves the issue of methane (CH4) production inherent to rumen fermentation. One of the dietary strategies to reduce enteric CH4 production by ruminants involves the supplementation of medium‐chain fatty acids in diets. As such, oils containing high amounts of MCFA, such as coconut, palm kernel and krabok oil, are of much interest to formulate energy efficient and environmentally friendly rations for ruminants. Krabok oil (KO) reduces methanogenesis, but the appropriate inclusion level of dietary KO is unclear. We therefore investigated the dose–response relationship between krabok oil and CH4 production. In practice, the use of whole krabok seed (WKS), instead of KO, is easier, but the efficacy of WKS to inhibit methanogenesis was hitherto unknown. Thus, we also investigated whether WKS provides an alternative tool to inhibit CH4 production. The experimental substrates contained either KO, WKS, the residue of WKS after fat extraction residue (FER) or FER + KO. Appropriate amounts of WKS or its derivatives were added to a basal substrate so as to attain either a low, medium or high content of KO, that is, 37–46, 90–94 and 146–153 g/kg dry matter respectively. The experimental substrates were formulated to keep the amounts of incubated fat‐free OM, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre constant in order to avoid biased results through potential differences in fermentability between WKS and its derivatives, and the basal substrate. The latter resembled the ingredient composition of a total mixed ration commonly used in Thai dairy cows. Fully automated gas production (GP) equipment was used to measure gas‐ and CH4 production. Irrespective of the type of substrate (p ≥ .115), both the absolute (ml/g fat‐free OM) and relative (% of total GP) CH4 production was reduced at the highest inclusion level of WKS or its derivatives (p ≤ .019). Total GP (ml/g fat‐free OM), however, was reduced after incubation of FER, FER + KO, and WKS, but not KO, at the highest inclusion level of the respective substrates (p = .019). Volatile fatty acids were likewise affected (p ≤ .001). Krabok oil can inhibit CH4 production but only when the dietary KO content is at least 9.4% (DM). Supplementation of KO in the form of WKS, however, is considered not opportune because the fat extracted residue of WKS is poorly degraded during fermentation.
Paiwan Panyakaew; J. Thomas Schonewille; John W. Cone; Wilbert F. Pellikaan; Veerle Fievez; Chalermpon Yuangklang; Wouter H. Hendriks. Isolipidic replacement of krabok oil by whole krabok seed reduces in vitro methanogenesis, but negatively affects fermentation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2019, 104, 453 -461.
AMA StylePaiwan Panyakaew, J. Thomas Schonewille, John W. Cone, Wilbert F. Pellikaan, Veerle Fievez, Chalermpon Yuangklang, Wouter H. Hendriks. Isolipidic replacement of krabok oil by whole krabok seed reduces in vitro methanogenesis, but negatively affects fermentation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2019; 104 (2):453-461.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaiwan Panyakaew; J. Thomas Schonewille; John W. Cone; Wilbert F. Pellikaan; Veerle Fievez; Chalermpon Yuangklang; Wouter H. Hendriks. 2019. "Isolipidic replacement of krabok oil by whole krabok seed reduces in vitro methanogenesis, but negatively affects fermentation." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 104, no. 2: 453-461.
The nutritional intake of Tibetan sheep on the harsh Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is often under maintenance requirements, especially during the long, cold winter. However, they have adapted well and even thrive under these conditions. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into how the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep has adapted to the consumption of low-energy-level diets. For this purpose, we compared Tibetan and small-tailed Han sheep (n24 of each breed, all wethers and 1·5 years of age), which were divided randomly into one of four groups and offeredad libitumdiets of different digestible energy (DE) densities: 8·21, 9·33, 10·45 and 11·57 MJ DE/kg DM. The Tibetan sheep had higher rumen concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, butyrate and iso-acids but lower concentrations of propionate than small-tailed Han sheep. The Tibetan sheep had higher absorption capability of SCFA due to the greater absorption surface area and higher mRNA expression of the SCFA absorption relative genes than small-tailed Han sheep. For the metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium, the small-tailed Han sheep showed higher utilisation of the ketogenesis pathway than Tibetan sheep; however, Tibetan sheep had greater regulation capacity in SCFA metabolism pathways. These differences between breeds allowed the Tibetan sheep to have greater capability of absorbing SCFA and better capacity to regulate the metabolism of SCFA, which would allow them to cope with low energy intake better than small-tailed Han sheep.
Xiaoping Jing; Wenji Wang; Allan Degen; Yamin Guo; Jingpeng Kang; Peipei Liu; Luming Ding; Zhanhuan Shang; Veerle Fievez; Jianwei Zhou; Ruijun Long. Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake. British Journal of Nutrition 2019, 123, 721 -736.
AMA StyleXiaoping Jing, Wenji Wang, Allan Degen, Yamin Guo, Jingpeng Kang, Peipei Liu, Luming Ding, Zhanhuan Shang, Veerle Fievez, Jianwei Zhou, Ruijun Long. Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 2019; 123 (7):721-736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoping Jing; Wenji Wang; Allan Degen; Yamin Guo; Jingpeng Kang; Peipei Liu; Luming Ding; Zhanhuan Shang; Veerle Fievez; Jianwei Zhou; Ruijun Long. 2019. "Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 7: 721-736.
Ruminants are less susceptible to the effects of mycotoxins than monogastric animals as their rumen microbiota are claimed to degrade and/or deactivate at least some of these toxic compounds. However, the mycotoxin degradation is not well-known yet. For this, a sensitive, specific, and accurate analytical method is needed to determine mycotoxins in the rumen fluid. This study aims to develop and thoroughly validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination in the rumen fluid of some of the most relevant mycotoxins found in maize silage in Western Europe: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROQ-C) and enniatin B (ENN B), as well as their metabolites deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZAL). As feed is often present in the rumen fluid samples, the potential interaction of feed particles with the mycotoxin extraction and analysis was investigated. Extraction recovery and matrix effects were determined in the rumen fluid with and without maize silage. Differences in those parameters between rumen fluid alone and rumen fluid with maize silage highlight the importance of using matrix-matched calibration curves for the quantification of mycotoxins in rumen fluid samples. A cross-validation of the method with rumen fluid and maize silage demonstrates that this analytical method can be applied in research on rumen fluid samples to investigate the degradation of the reported mycotoxins by rumen microbiota if matrix-matched calibration is performed.
Sandra Debevere; Siegrid De Baere; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Veerle Fievez; Siska Croubels. Development of an UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Mycotoxins in Rumen Fluid with and without Maize Silage Emphasizes the Importance of Using Matrix-Matched Calibration. Toxins 2019, 11, 519 .
AMA StyleSandra Debevere, Siegrid De Baere, Geert Haesaert, Michael Rychlik, Veerle Fievez, Siska Croubels. Development of an UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Mycotoxins in Rumen Fluid with and without Maize Silage Emphasizes the Importance of Using Matrix-Matched Calibration. Toxins. 2019; 11 (9):519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Debevere; Siegrid De Baere; Geert Haesaert; Michael Rychlik; Veerle Fievez; Siska Croubels. 2019. "Development of an UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Mycotoxins in Rumen Fluid with and without Maize Silage Emphasizes the Importance of Using Matrix-Matched Calibration." Toxins 11, no. 9: 519.
X.P. Jing; J.W. Zhou; W.J. Wang; A.A. Degen; Y.M. Guo; J.P. Kang; W.X. Xu; P.P. Liu; C. Yang; F.Y. Shi; Q. Yan; L.M. Ding; Z.H. Shang; V. Fievez; R.J. Long. Tibetan sheep are better able to cope with low energy intake than Small-tailed Han sheep due to lower maintenance energy requirements and higher nutrient digestibilities. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2019, 254, 114200 .
AMA StyleX.P. Jing, J.W. Zhou, W.J. Wang, A.A. Degen, Y.M. Guo, J.P. Kang, W.X. Xu, P.P. Liu, C. Yang, F.Y. Shi, Q. Yan, L.M. Ding, Z.H. Shang, V. Fievez, R.J. Long. Tibetan sheep are better able to cope with low energy intake than Small-tailed Han sheep due to lower maintenance energy requirements and higher nutrient digestibilities. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 254 ():114200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleX.P. Jing; J.W. Zhou; W.J. Wang; A.A. Degen; Y.M. Guo; J.P. Kang; W.X. Xu; P.P. Liu; C. Yang; F.Y. Shi; Q. Yan; L.M. Ding; Z.H. Shang; V. Fievez; R.J. Long. 2019. "Tibetan sheep are better able to cope with low energy intake than Small-tailed Han sheep due to lower maintenance energy requirements and higher nutrient digestibilities." Animal Feed Science and Technology 254, no. : 114200.
To investigate the metabolism of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 by pure cultures of Sharpea azabuensis , two different strains (RL 1 and ST18) were each incubated in the presence of 40 µg ml-1 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3. Pure cultures of Butyrivibriofibrisolvens D1 and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P18 were included as control treatments. Similar to the metabolism of B. fibrisolvens , both S. azabuensis strains converted 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3 to cis-9, trans-11 CLA or cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 CLnA, after which it was further reduced to trans-11 18:1 or trans-11, cis-15 18:2, respectively. B. proteoclasticus additionally reduced trans-11 18:1 to 18:0. Trans-11, cis-15 18:2 was also further metabolized by B. proteoclasticus , although trans-11 18:1 did not accumulate, and only minor amounts of 18:0 were formed. The time frame of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 biohydrogenation by S. azabuensis was comparable with B. fibrisolvens , indicating that S. azabuensis and B. fibrisolvens might be alternative biohydrogenators of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in the rumen.
Lore Dewanckele; Bruno Vlaeminck; Veerle Fievez. Sharpea azabuensis: a ruminal bacterium that produces trans-11 intermediates from linoleic and linolenic acid. Microbiology 2019, 165, 772 -778.
AMA StyleLore Dewanckele, Bruno Vlaeminck, Veerle Fievez. Sharpea azabuensis: a ruminal bacterium that produces trans-11 intermediates from linoleic and linolenic acid. Microbiology. 2019; 165 (7):772-778.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLore Dewanckele; Bruno Vlaeminck; Veerle Fievez. 2019. "Sharpea azabuensis: a ruminal bacterium that produces trans-11 intermediates from linoleic and linolenic acid." Microbiology 165, no. 7: 772-778.
Nine Holstein dairy cows were fed diets with increasing proportions of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (RFCH) to investigate the effect on reticular pH, milk fat content (MFC), 18-carbon fatty acid proportions in blood plasma and milk, and bacterial community in buccal swab samples. Inter-animal variation was expected in terms of reticular pH response upon higher RFCH proportions, which would be reflected in the occurrence or not of milk fat depression (MFD). Moreover, this variation in occurrence of MFD was hypothesized to be related to differences in blood and milk fatty acid proportions and in the bacterial community in buccal samples. Cows were fed a total mixed ration throughout the experiment, which consisted of 4 periods: adaptation (d 0-4) and low (d 5-18), increasing (d 19-24), and high RFCH (d 25-28). During the increasing RFCH period, the standard concentrate (211 g of starch/kg of dry matter) was gradually and partly replaced by a concentrate high in RFCH (486 g of starch/kg of dry matter). The reticular pH was measured using a bolus and the time below pH 6.00 was calculated on a daily basis. On d 13, 14, 25, 27, and 28, plasma and milk samples were collected and analyzed for 18-carbon fatty acid proportions, and buccal swabs were collected for bacterial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Inter-animal variation was observed in terms of reticular pH, which allowed us to divide the cows into 2 groups: tolerant (time below pH 6.00 ≤ 0.1 h/d) and susceptible cows (time below pH 6.00 ≥ 1.26 h/d). The lower reticular pH of susceptible cows was accompanied by lower MFC. Both groups already differed in reticular pH and MFC during the low-RFCH period. Furthermore, higher RFCH amounts did not decrease the reticular pH in either of the 2 groups. Nevertheless, MFD was observed in both groups during the high-RFCH period compared with the low-RFCH period. Lower MFC in animals with lower reticular pH or during the high-RFCH period was associated with a shift in 18-carbon fatty acids toward trans-10 at the expense of trans-11 intermediates, which was observed in plasma as well as in milk samples. Moreover, lower MFC was accompanied by shifts in the relative abundance of specific bacteria in buccal samples. Genera Dialister, Sharpea, Carnobacterium, Acidaminococcus, and uncultured genera belonging to the Betaproteobacteria were more abundant in situations with greater trans-10 proportions.
L. Dewanckele; L. Jing; B. Stefańska; B. Vlaeminck; J. Jeyanathan; W.M. Van Straalen; A. Koopmans; V. Fievez. Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 4025 -4040.
AMA StyleL. Dewanckele, L. Jing, B. Stefańska, B. Vlaeminck, J. Jeyanathan, W.M. Van Straalen, A. Koopmans, V. Fievez. Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (5):4025-4040.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Dewanckele; L. Jing; B. Stefańska; B. Vlaeminck; J. Jeyanathan; W.M. Van Straalen; A. Koopmans; V. Fievez. 2019. "Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 5: 4025-4040.
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on the enteric methane (CH) emissions and performance of lactating dairy cows when mixed in with roughage or incorporated into a concentrate pellet. After 2 pretreatment weeks without 3-NOP supplementation, 30 Holstein Friesian cows were divided into 3 homogeneous treatment groups: no additive, 3-NOP mixed in with the basal diet (roughage; NOP), and 3-NOP incorporated into a concentrate pellet (NOP). The pretreatment period was followed by a 10-wk treatment period in which the NOP and NOP cows were fed 1.6 g of 3-NOP/cow per day. After the treatment period, a 2-wk washout period followed without 3-NOP supplementation. The CH emissions were measured using a GreenFeed unit (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) installed in a freestall with cubicles during the entire experimental period. On average for the total treatment period and compared with the no-additive group, CH production (g/d) was 28 and 23% lower for NOP and NOP, respectively. Methane yield (g/kg of dry matter intake) and methane intensity (g/kg of milk) were 23 and 24% lower for NOP, respectively, and 21 and 22% lower for NOP, respectively. No differences were found between NOP and NOP. Moreover, supplying 3-NOP did not affect total dry matter intake, milk production, or milk composition. The results of this experiment show that 3-NOP can reduce enteric CH emissions of dairy cattle when incorporated into a concentrate pellet and that this reduction is not different from the effect of mixing in 3-NOP with the basal diet (roughage). This broadens the possibilities for using 3-NOP in the dairy sector worldwide, as it is not always feasible to provide an additive mixed in with the basal diet.
D. Van Wesemael; L. Vandaele; B. Ampe; H. Cattrysse; S. Duval; M. Kindermann; Veerle Fievez; S. De Campeneere; N. Peiren. Reducing enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle: Two ways to supplement 3-nitrooxypropanol. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 1780 -1787.
AMA StyleD. Van Wesemael, L. Vandaele, B. Ampe, H. Cattrysse, S. Duval, M. Kindermann, Veerle Fievez, S. De Campeneere, N. Peiren. Reducing enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle: Two ways to supplement 3-nitrooxypropanol. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (2):1780-1787.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Van Wesemael; L. Vandaele; B. Ampe; H. Cattrysse; S. Duval; M. Kindermann; Veerle Fievez; S. De Campeneere; N. Peiren. 2019. "Reducing enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle: Two ways to supplement 3-nitrooxypropanol." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 2: 1780-1787.
L. Jing; L. Dewanckele; B. Vlaeminck; W.M. Van Straalen; A. Koopmans; Veerle Fievez. Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions, with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 9827 -9840.
AMA StyleL. Jing, L. Dewanckele, B. Vlaeminck, W.M. Van Straalen, A. Koopmans, Veerle Fievez. Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions, with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (11):9827-9840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Jing; L. Dewanckele; B. Vlaeminck; W.M. Van Straalen; A. Koopmans; Veerle Fievez. 2018. "Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions, with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 11: 9827-9840.
In the current study, linseed oil emulsions were cross-linked by polyphenol oxidase to study the effect of emulsion characteristics on the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids against biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria in vitro. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of diphenolic substrate to o-quinones which are reactive towards amino- and thiol- groups on proteins, forming a complex of covalently bound protein cross-linked by protein-bound phenols (PBP). Such cross-linking of protein-stabilized emulsions was shown to yield high in vitro ruminal protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids before, by addition of PPO extract and diphenolic substrate to protein-stabilized emulsions. The current study examined the relationship between characteristics of cross-linked emulsions and in vitro ruminal protection by evaluation of two hypotheses: protection efficiency would be impaired when 1) the amount of PPO in the emulsion decreased or 2) the amount of non-adsorbed protein in the emulsion increased. Hence, in a first experiment, emulsions containing the same protein concentration and varying amounts of PPO extract (0,2-0,8 g/g) were analyzed, while in experiment 2, emulsions containing varying amounts of non-adsorbed protein and a similar amount of PPO extract (0,8 g/g) were investigated. In the latter experiment, variation in non-adsorbed protein was obtained by altering the emulsifier concentration (10 or 0 mg/g whey protein isolate) and/or removal of the majority (>90%) of the non-adsorbed protein after emulsion preparation, i.e. washing of the emulsion, before addition of PPO extract. In vitro ruminal biohydrogenation was evaluated after 24 h in a rumen-simulated environment containing rumen inoculum. Results of experiment 1 showed protection efficiency decreased for decreasing amounts of PPO extract. Additionally, in vitro ruminal protection was found to be positively correlated to mean droplet size, protein load and proportion of PBP in the free protein fraction of the emulsions after cross-linking, while proportion of PBP in the adsorbed protein layer did not differ between treatments. In experiment 2, an increase in emulsifier concentration from 10 to 50 g/g WPI lowered the amount of PBP in both protein fractions. Washing of 50 mg/g WPI emulsions, enhanced in vitro ruminal protection of 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 and increased the proportion of PBP in both free and adsorbed protein. Moreover, protein load and the amount of total adsorbed PBP were positively affected by washing. Comparison of emulsions with similar protein load between experiments showed in vitro ruminal protection efficiency increased for higher proportions of PBP in the adsorbed protein layer. Moreover, an excess of PBP on the possible binding positions on the adsorbed protein seemed to promote in vitro ruminal protection efficiency.
Nympha De Neve; Bruno Vlaeminck; Frederik Gadeyne; Erik Claeys; Paul Van der Meeren; Veerle Fievez. Protection of emulsified polyunsaturated fatty acids against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by polyphenol oxidase: Characterization of the cross-linked emulsion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2018, 246, 91 -103.
AMA StyleNympha De Neve, Bruno Vlaeminck, Frederik Gadeyne, Erik Claeys, Paul Van der Meeren, Veerle Fievez. Protection of emulsified polyunsaturated fatty acids against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by polyphenol oxidase: Characterization of the cross-linked emulsion. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2018; 246 ():91-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNympha De Neve; Bruno Vlaeminck; Frederik Gadeyne; Erik Claeys; Paul Van der Meeren; Veerle Fievez. 2018. "Protection of emulsified polyunsaturated fatty acids against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by polyphenol oxidase: Characterization of the cross-linked emulsion." Animal Feed Science and Technology 246, no. : 91-103.
Quan Hai Nguyen; Phung Dinh Le; Channy Chim; Ngoan Duc Le; Veerle Fievez. Potential to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry by increasing dietary fermentable fiber through inclusion of tropical byproducts in practical diets for growing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleQuan Hai Nguyen, Phung Dinh Le, Channy Chim, Ngoan Duc Le, Veerle Fievez. Potential to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry by increasing dietary fermentable fiber through inclusion of tropical byproducts in practical diets for growing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuan Hai Nguyen; Phung Dinh Le; Channy Chim; Ngoan Duc Le; Veerle Fievez. 2018. "Potential to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry by increasing dietary fermentable fiber through inclusion of tropical byproducts in practical diets for growing pigs." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , no. : 1.
Erratum to: “Supplementing goat kids with coconut medium chain fatty acids in early life influences growth and rumen papillae development until 4 months after supplementation but effects on in vitro methane emissions and the rumen microbiota are transient” by Sieglinde Debruyne et al. Journal of Animal Science 2018; doi: 10.1093/jas/sky070.
Sieglinde Debruyne; Alexis Ruiz-González; Einar Artiles Ortega; Bart Ampe; Wim Van Den Broeck; Ellen De Keyser; Leen Vandaele; Karen Goossens; Veerle Fievez. Supplementing goat kids with coconut medium chain fatty acids in early life influences growth and rumen papillae development until 4 months after supplementation but effects on in vitro methane emissions and the rumen microbiota are transient. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 4014 -4014.
AMA StyleSieglinde Debruyne, Alexis Ruiz-González, Einar Artiles Ortega, Bart Ampe, Wim Van Den Broeck, Ellen De Keyser, Leen Vandaele, Karen Goossens, Veerle Fievez. Supplementing goat kids with coconut medium chain fatty acids in early life influences growth and rumen papillae development until 4 months after supplementation but effects on in vitro methane emissions and the rumen microbiota are transient. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (9):4014-4014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSieglinde Debruyne; Alexis Ruiz-González; Einar Artiles Ortega; Bart Ampe; Wim Van Den Broeck; Ellen De Keyser; Leen Vandaele; Karen Goossens; Veerle Fievez. 2018. "Supplementing goat kids with coconut medium chain fatty acids in early life influences growth and rumen papillae development until 4 months after supplementation but effects on in vitro methane emissions and the rumen microbiota are transient." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 9: 4014-4014.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre- and/or post-natal supplementation of a dry whole cell algae (DHA-Gold) to goat kids, on in vitro methane (CH4) production, animal growth and rumen morphology at the age of 6 months. Furthermore, the in vitro retreatment effect of DHA-Gold was evaluated. Twenty pregnant Saanen goats giving birth to two male kids were used. Half of these does were supplemented (D+) with 18.2 g/day of DHA-Gold in the last three weeks of pregnancy, whereas the other half was not (D-). After kidding, one goat kid per doe in both groups was supplemented daily with 0.28 g/kg of body weight (BW) of DHA-Gold (k+) until 12 weeks, whereas the other goat kids were untreated (k−). This resulted in four experimental groups D+k+, D+k−, D−k+ and D−k−. In vitro incubations were performed at the ages of 4 weeks, 11 weeks and 6 months. At the age of 6 months, goat kids were euthanized and additional incubations were performed supplementing four doses of DHA-Gold (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/mL). Additionally, rumen tissue of the atrium ruminis (AR), ventral rumen (VR) and dorsal blind sac (DBS) were collected to assess rumen morphology. Rumen inocula of 4 weeks old goat kids supplemented D+ showed lower (P < 0.05) in vitro CH4 production, however, this was mainly due to a reduction in the overall fermentation, while CH4 expressed relatively to total volatile fatty acids (VFA) was higher when goat kids were treated D+ or k+. The detrimental D+ effect on VFA production diminished at 11 weeks old but remained a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.1). As for 4 weeks D+ as well as k+ supplementation of DHA-Gold stimulated rather than inhibited in vitro CH4 production expressed relative to total VFA. Supplementation of DHA-Gold either D+ or k+ decreased density, width and surface area of the ruminal papillae. However, no effect on animal growth was observed. Moreover, detrimental effects of D+ or k+ treatment on VFA production or stimulation of relative CH4 production were no longer observed at 6 months old. Nevertheless, direct exposure of DHA-Gold to 6 months old inoculum linearly (P < 0.05) decreased CH4 and VFA production, which tended (P = 0.06) to be greater when using D- rumen inoculum. Accordingly, neither D+ nor k+ DHA-Gold supplementation showed potential for reduction of rumen methanogenesis. Furthermore, this early life intervention could represent some risk for impaired rumen papillae development, which, however, did not impair animal performance.
A Ruiz-González; S Debruyne; L Dewanckele; M Escobar; L Vandaele; W Van Den Broeck; V Fievez. Supplementation of DHA-Gold pre and/or postnatally to goat kids modifies in vitro methane production and rumen morphology until 6 mo old1. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleA Ruiz-González, S Debruyne, L Dewanckele, M Escobar, L Vandaele, W Van Den Broeck, V Fievez. Supplementation of DHA-Gold pre and/or postnatally to goat kids modifies in vitro methane production and rumen morphology until 6 mo old1. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Ruiz-González; S Debruyne; L Dewanckele; M Escobar; L Vandaele; W Van Den Broeck; V Fievez. 2018. "Supplementation of DHA-Gold pre and/or postnatally to goat kids modifies in vitro methane production and rumen morphology until 6 mo old1." Journal of Animal Science , no. : 1.