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The “Belt and Road” has developed from a Chinese initiative to an international consensus, and Silk Road cities are becoming a strategic step for its high-quality development. From the perspective of industrialization, the “Belt and Road” can be regarded as a “spillover” effect of the industrialization process in China. With the spatial shift of Chinese industries along the “Belt and Road” and their clustering in Silk Road cities, the development and change of industrial land in Silk Road cities has become a new area of concern for governments and scholars. In this paper, the driving mechanism of industrial land change in 129 cities along the Silk Road in China is empirically studied by the GeoDetector method. The findings include: first, the development and changes of industrial land in Silk Road cities are significantly spatially heterogeneous, and the “Belt and Road” reshapes the town system and economic geography along the route by virtue of the differentiated configuration and changes of industrial land, changing the social, political, landscape and spatial relations in cities on the line. Second, the driving forces of industrial land change in Silk Road cities under the influence of the “Belt and Road Initiative” are increasingly diversified and differentiated, with significant two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement interaction between two driving factors, and growing complexity of the driving mechanisms, requiring policy makers to design policies based on key factors, comprehensive factors and their interaction. Third, the environmental effect of industrial land change is highly complex. The industrial land quantity has a direct impact on the ecological state parameter and plays a decisive role in the quality of the ecological environment and its changes in Silk Road cities. However, changes in the industrial land affect the ecological state change indirectly, mainly interacting with it through the coupling of pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions, energy use, ecological planning and landscape design and policy interventions. Finally, this study provides a new framework and method for Silk Road scholars to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use and coverage in cities along the “Belt and Road” and their influence mechanisms, and provides a basis for the government to make decisions on industrial land supply and layout planning and spatial governance policy design, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value.
Sidong Zhao; Yiran Yan; Jing Han. Industrial Land Change in Chinese Silk Road Cities and Its Influence on Environments. Land 2021, 10, 806 .
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Yiran Yan, Jing Han. Industrial Land Change in Chinese Silk Road Cities and Its Influence on Environments. Land. 2021; 10 (8):806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Yiran Yan; Jing Han. 2021. "Industrial Land Change in Chinese Silk Road Cities and Its Influence on Environments." Land 10, no. 8: 806.
Smart construction enterprises are the key subjects in the development and practical transformation of smart building technology, and their sustainable development has been a hot research topic in the new era. In the context of the new round of technology and industrial revolution, the rapid accumulation of development uncertainties and their possible transformation into risks at any time, as well as the ambiguity of growth mechanisms and the loss of strategies, have become major challenges that may constrain the development and strategic management of enterprises. Based on SWOT, BCG, GE, QSPM and principal component analysis methods, this paper constructs a new framework combining theory and practice organically for quantitative identification and evaluation of influencing factors, and analysis of strategy selection and the decision-making process. It will provide a scientific basis for sustainable development and strategic management of smart construction enterprises. DK Company is a typical smart building enterprise in China, and the results of its empirical study show that: Firstly, the 28 variable elements influencing the sustainable development of smart construction enterprises can be summarized into six key factors, with significant differences in their influence, and the external influence far greater than the internal driving force. Secondly, a priority set of six alternatives for strategic decision-making and implementation is proposed, based on the quantitative strategy selection and matching analysis, which improves the accuracy and practicality of the study findings.
Sidong Zhao; Ping Zhang; Weiwei Li. A Study on Evaluation of Influencing Factors for Sustainable Development of Smart Construction Enterprises: Case Study from China. Buildings 2021, 11, 221 .
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Ping Zhang, Weiwei Li. A Study on Evaluation of Influencing Factors for Sustainable Development of Smart Construction Enterprises: Case Study from China. Buildings. 2021; 11 (6):221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Ping Zhang; Weiwei Li. 2021. "A Study on Evaluation of Influencing Factors for Sustainable Development of Smart Construction Enterprises: Case Study from China." Buildings 11, no. 6: 221.
As an important carrier of expanded urban spatial growth, new towns have been a “policy tool” for spatial production in the new era and have received long-term and constant attention from circles such as geography, planning, and economics. National new districts constitute a new regional space for China to implement the national strategy and promote the transformation of urban development mode. They are mutually reinforcing with their mother cities and hinterland provinces. Based on the geodetector method, this paper reveals the key factors driving the development of national new districts by mother cities and hinterland provinces and their interaction effects, which provides a basis for municipal and provincial governments to accurately formulate policies to promote the development of new towns by classification. The study shows that, firstly, there are five types of driving factors, that is, all-round driving factors, scale-increasing factors, expansion and quality-improving factors, expertise driving factors, and non-driving factors. The strength and dimension of the driving factors are characterized by prominent heterogeneity; R&D personnel, export and import trade are the key factors to expand the increment, optimize the inventory, and improve the quality; the overall development driving forces are in the order of innovation > opening > industry > investment > population. Secondly, the pairwise interaction between different factors exhibits two-factor enhancement, and the population shows a nonlinear increase in the driving force of investment, openness, and innovation on a provincial scale. Thirdly, according to the driving force of the factors and the interaction between them, suggestions are put forward based on the development stage and key demands for city and provincial governments to make policies for the development of national new districts, to support the establishment of scientific competition and cooperation between new towns and mother cities or regions, and to build a long-term collaborative development mechanism.
Sidong Zhao; Congguo Zhang; Junheng Qi. The Key Factors Driving the Development of New Towns by Mother Cities and Regions: Evidence from China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 223 .
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Congguo Zhang, Junheng Qi. The Key Factors Driving the Development of New Towns by Mother Cities and Regions: Evidence from China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (4):223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Congguo Zhang; Junheng Qi. 2021. "The Key Factors Driving the Development of New Towns by Mother Cities and Regions: Evidence from China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4: 223.
Population migration is a major event of optimizing the allocation of production factors and a key way to construct regional relations and promote spatial reconstruction. However, there are few papers published on population migration that have a direct impact on the sustainable development of deserts owing to the more sensitive and complex man–earth relationship. Therefore, it is important to study the laws and characteristics of population migration in such regions. The study of Egypt by Zipf’s law shows that the spatial distribution of migration population size conforms to the law of power function with fractal characteristics of different types. The migration population is generally in a “Pareto” state in spatial distribution. Decentralization power is the leading driving force of spatial distribution, and scale-free regional distribution shows significant spatial agglomeration and gradient. Limited by research scope and “heavy tail” factors, Zipf’s law is not completely applicable. The spatial pattern and flow field characteristics of the migration population are analyzed in this paper by the conversion from “structural fractal” to “spatial fractal” based on scale-free geographic projection, providing the reference for the formulation of population governance policies and spatial planning strategies in Egypt and more desert countries.
Sidong Zhao; Xingping Wang; Zhishan Ma. Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow—Evidence from Egypt. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 45 .
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Xingping Wang, Zhishan Ma. Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow—Evidence from Egypt. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (2):45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Xingping Wang; Zhishan Ma. 2021. "Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow—Evidence from Egypt." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2: 45.
Based on the provinces as the spatial nodes of population migration, a “Source-Flow-Sink” analysis framework of population migration flow in Egypt was established by “Source-Sink” Theory and Flow Field Theory to study the migration population in Egypt. It reveals the spatial pattern of the migration population in Egypt and its flow field characteristics and provides theoretical basis for the formulation of population development policies and regional spatial governance planning. The results show that: (1) there are significant spatial differences in the size and rate of migration in Egypt. In 2017, the migration population in Egypt exceeded 2.2 million in total, with a migration rate of 2.33%, and the extreme multiple reached 80 and 12. (2) According to the spatial pattern of geographical distribution, the Source System is divided into five types: axis type, layer type, fan type, oblique symmetry type, and scattered jump type. There are only three types in Sink System, namely wide area coverage type, local development type, and scattered jump type. Source Places lie in the middle, Sink Places are symmetrical from east to west, and Exchange Places are concentrated along the Mediterranean coast in the north of Cairo on the whole, with the initial formation of a “core-periphery” spatial pattern. (3) The interprovincial population migration flow in Egypt is dominated by neighborhood penetration and polarization of high-rank nodes (capitals or regional economic centers), giving rise to 7 modes of central system spatial structures and 3 modes of pole-core interaction. The central system of flow fields with clear priorities and the streamline channel network with layered trunks and branches basically take shape, overall characterized by stepped runoff from east to west, and local convection from south to north.
Zhishan Ma; Susu Zhang; Sidong Zhao. Study on the Spatial Pattern of Migration Population in Egypt and Its Flow Field Characteristics from the Perspective of “Source-Flow-Sink”. Sustainability 2021, 13, 350 .
AMA StyleZhishan Ma, Susu Zhang, Sidong Zhao. Study on the Spatial Pattern of Migration Population in Egypt and Its Flow Field Characteristics from the Perspective of “Source-Flow-Sink”. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (1):350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhishan Ma; Susu Zhang; Sidong Zhao. 2021. "Study on the Spatial Pattern of Migration Population in Egypt and Its Flow Field Characteristics from the Perspective of “Source-Flow-Sink”." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 350.
Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (COCZs) under the “One Belt and One Road” initiative are committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, becoming an important platform for the countries and regions where they are located to achieve the sustainable development goals of the 2030 agenda. The planning of COCZs plays a strategic leading and rigid control role in the sustainable development of parks, and the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation has been a key to the sustainable development of COCZs. From the perspective of sustainable development, we established a rating system depending on the deconstruction “effectiveness = efficiency + effect + benefit + capacity” to measure the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation indexes of COCZs, and conducted empirical research based on the evidence of Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam. The research results show that Longjiang Industrial Park has a good planning implementation effectiveness with remarkable comprehensive economic, social, ecological and political benefits. It features a good efficiency, effect and benefit from an excellent production capacity, reflected in the consistency between spatial planning and implementation results and a high satisfaction with planning implementation. However, planning implementation is also faced with problems such as the lag of time, imbalance between profit and loss, uneven achievement of goals, and lack of a refined planning control system. To make COCZs more sustainable in development and planning, the suggestion is, on the one hand, to accelerate the establishment of a regular and institutionalized mechanism for the planning preparation and implementation evaluation of COCZs, and bring sustainable development into the management requirements, and, on the other hand, to promote the transformation of COCZs planning from “Function and Scale Orientation” to “Quality and Effectiveness Orientation”, and guide the creation of a model for sustainable development and the planning of COCZs.
Sidong Zhao; Xingping Wang; Xuefeng Hu; Dongxue Li. Evaluation Research on Planning Implementation of Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones along the Belt and Road: Evidence from Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8488 .
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Xingping Wang, Xuefeng Hu, Dongxue Li. Evaluation Research on Planning Implementation of Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones along the Belt and Road: Evidence from Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Xingping Wang; Xuefeng Hu; Dongxue Li. 2020. "Evaluation Research on Planning Implementation of Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones along the Belt and Road: Evidence from Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8488.
Sidong Zhao; Xiaojia Bi; Yuan Zhong; Lin Li. Chinese Industrial Park Planning Strategies Informed by American Edge Cities’ Development Path - Case Study of China (Chongzuo)-Thailand Industrial Park. Procedia Engineering 2017, 180, 832 -840.
AMA StyleSidong Zhao, Xiaojia Bi, Yuan Zhong, Lin Li. Chinese Industrial Park Planning Strategies Informed by American Edge Cities’ Development Path - Case Study of China (Chongzuo)-Thailand Industrial Park. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 180 ():832-840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidong Zhao; Xiaojia Bi; Yuan Zhong; Lin Li. 2017. "Chinese Industrial Park Planning Strategies Informed by American Edge Cities’ Development Path - Case Study of China (Chongzuo)-Thailand Industrial Park." Procedia Engineering 180, no. : 832-840.