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In 2005, researchers from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, INRAE) started a collaboration with the French farmers’ seed network Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) on bread wheat participatory breeding (PPB). The aims were: (1) to study on-farm management of crop diversity, (2) to develop population-varieties adapted to organic and low-inputs agriculture, (3) to co-develop tools and methods adapted to on-farm experiments. In this project, researchers and farmers’ organizations needed to map the history and life cycle of the population-varieties using network formalism to represent relationships between seed lots. All this information had to be centralized and stored in a database. We describe here SHiNeMaS (Seeds History and Network Management System) a web tool database. SHiNeMaS aims to provide useful interfaces to track seed lot history and related data (phenotyping, environment, cultural practices). Although SHiNeMaS has been developed in the context of a bread wheat participatory breeding program, the database has been designed to manage any kind and even multiple cultivated plant species. SHiNeMaS is available under Affero GPL licence and uses free technologies such as the Python language, Django framework or PostgreSQL database management system (DBMS). We developed SHiNeMaS, a web tool database, dedicated to the management of the history of seed lots and related data like phenotyping, environmental information and cultural practices. SHiNeMaS has been used in production in our laboratory for 5 years and farmers’ organizations facilitators manage their own information in the system.
Yannick De Oliveira; Laura Burlot; Julie C. Dawson; Isabelle Goldringer; Darkawi Madi; Pierre Rivière; Delphine Steinbach; Gaëlle Van Frank; Mathieu Thomas. SHiNeMaS: a web tool dedicated to seed lots history, phenotyping and cultural practices. Plant Methods 2020, 16, 1 -9.
AMA StyleYannick De Oliveira, Laura Burlot, Julie C. Dawson, Isabelle Goldringer, Darkawi Madi, Pierre Rivière, Delphine Steinbach, Gaëlle Van Frank, Mathieu Thomas. SHiNeMaS: a web tool dedicated to seed lots history, phenotyping and cultural practices. Plant Methods. 2020; 16 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYannick De Oliveira; Laura Burlot; Julie C. Dawson; Isabelle Goldringer; Darkawi Madi; Pierre Rivière; Delphine Steinbach; Gaëlle Van Frank; Mathieu Thomas. 2020. "SHiNeMaS: a web tool dedicated to seed lots history, phenotyping and cultural practices." Plant Methods 16, no. 1: 1-9.
Agroecology calls for a global approach, integrating scientific, practical, and advocacy dimensions, to redesign agricultural systems based on ecological and socio-cultural processes and emphasizing biodiversity. This review is grounded on the results of DIVERSIFOOD, a European H2020 multi-actor research project, and explores the concept of cultivated diversity using various dimensions relevant to foster sustainable organic food systems and agro-ecological transition. From the evaluation of underutilized genetic resources and forgotten crops, DIVERSIFOOD has proposed plant breeding strategies, on-farm experimentation, and statistical tools to create new populations, landraces, and organic cultivars with intra-varietal diversity. The added value of Community Seed Banks and forms of collective seed management in Europe have been described in terms of goals and activities, and their value for improving seed regulations, treaties, and genetic resources management is discussed. In the context of the current agro-food system characterized by standardization, DIVERSIFOOD raised awareness of qualities of ‘biodiverse food systems’ in which all actors have a role to play. It highlighted the critical capacity to preserve a diversity of cultural values embodied in ‘biodiverse products’, thereby involving consumers in collective strategies for reviving diversity, and empowering all actors of organic food systems to really and efficiently implement research within their farms and networks.
Véronique Chable; Edwin Nuijten; Ambrogio Costanzo; Isabelle Goldringer; Riccardo Bocci; Bernadette Oehen; Frédéric Rey; Dionysia Fasoula; Judit Feher; Marjo Keskitalo; Beate Koller; Michalis Omirou; Pedro Mendes-Moreira; Gaëlle Van Frank; Abdel Kader Naino Jika; Mathieu Thomas; Adanella Rossi. Embedding Cultivated Diversity in Society for Agro-Ecological Transition. Sustainability 2020, 12, 784 .
AMA StyleVéronique Chable, Edwin Nuijten, Ambrogio Costanzo, Isabelle Goldringer, Riccardo Bocci, Bernadette Oehen, Frédéric Rey, Dionysia Fasoula, Judit Feher, Marjo Keskitalo, Beate Koller, Michalis Omirou, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Gaëlle Van Frank, Abdel Kader Naino Jika, Mathieu Thomas, Adanella Rossi. Embedding Cultivated Diversity in Society for Agro-Ecological Transition. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVéronique Chable; Edwin Nuijten; Ambrogio Costanzo; Isabelle Goldringer; Riccardo Bocci; Bernadette Oehen; Frédéric Rey; Dionysia Fasoula; Judit Feher; Marjo Keskitalo; Beate Koller; Michalis Omirou; Pedro Mendes-Moreira; Gaëlle Van Frank; Abdel Kader Naino Jika; Mathieu Thomas; Adanella Rossi. 2020. "Embedding Cultivated Diversity in Society for Agro-Ecological Transition." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 784.
The industrialization of farming has significantly threatened cultivated biodiversity. Participatory breeding endeavours to overcome this issue by enabling farmers to select a wide range of crop varieties in different conditions, and to foster genetic mixing through seed exchanges, crosses or mixtures. This necessitates the design of new forms of coordination and organization for the farmers and partners involved. This article reports on an ongoing initiative, aiming to facilitate the participatory design of such forms of coordination and organization. It first outlines the method used (Knowledge–Concept–Proposals or KCP), and how it has been tailored to this highly decentralized context involving politically engaged actors on a quest for autonomy. It then presents the exploratory results of the first two workshops: these include group consolidation, the sharing of heterogeneous knowledge, the generation of innovative ideas, and the elaboration of preliminary projects. Finally, this empirical case is compared with other initiatives supporting the participatory design of natural resource management strategies and tools. Its key original dimensions and benefits are that the workshop protocol is replicable, the data produced can be easily exploited, and it allows for testing hypotheses in the field of design science.
Elsa T. Berthet; Sara Bosshardt; Lise Malicet-Chebbah; Gaëlle Van Frank; Benoit Weil; Blanche Segrestin; Pierre Rivière; Léa Bernard; Elodie Baritaux; Isabelle Goldringer. Designing Innovative Management for Cultivated Biodiversity: Lessons from a Pioneering Collaboration between French Farmers, Facilitators and Researchers around Participatory Bread Wheat Breeding. Sustainability 2020, 12, 605 .
AMA StyleElsa T. Berthet, Sara Bosshardt, Lise Malicet-Chebbah, Gaëlle Van Frank, Benoit Weil, Blanche Segrestin, Pierre Rivière, Léa Bernard, Elodie Baritaux, Isabelle Goldringer. Designing Innovative Management for Cultivated Biodiversity: Lessons from a Pioneering Collaboration between French Farmers, Facilitators and Researchers around Participatory Bread Wheat Breeding. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsa T. Berthet; Sara Bosshardt; Lise Malicet-Chebbah; Gaëlle Van Frank; Benoit Weil; Blanche Segrestin; Pierre Rivière; Léa Bernard; Elodie Baritaux; Isabelle Goldringer. 2020. "Designing Innovative Management for Cultivated Biodiversity: Lessons from a Pioneering Collaboration between French Farmers, Facilitators and Researchers around Participatory Bread Wheat Breeding." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 605.
Modern agricultural systems rely on reduced crop genetic diversity, due in particular to the use of homogeneous elite varieties grown in large areas. However, genetic diversity within fields is a lever for a more sustainable production, allowing greater stability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In France, a Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) project on bread wheat, involving farmers, facilitators and researchers, has led to the development of heterogeneous populations whose within-variety genetic diversity is expected to confer the ability to adapt to farmers’ practices and environments. We studied the stability and local adaptation of ten of these farmers’ populations as well as two commercial varieties in relation to their within-variety genetic diversity. Although no clear evidence of local adaptation was detected, we found that populations’ grain yield and protein content were more stable over space and time respectively than those of commercial varieties. Moreover, the varieties’ stability over time in terms of protein content was positively correlated with within-variety genetic diversity with no significant drawback on protein yield. These results demonstrate the wide adaptive potential of PPB populations, highlighting the importance of seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity management and use. They emphasize the benefits of genetic diversity for stability over time, which is of great interest to farmers.
Gaëlle Van Frank; Pierre Rivière; Sophie Pin; Raphaël Baltassat; Jean-François Berthellot; François Caizergues; Christian Dalmasso; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Florent Mercier; Hélène Montaz; Bernard Ronot; Isabelle Goldringer. Genetic Diversity and Stability of Performance of Wheat Population Varieties Developed by Participatory Breeding. Sustainability 2020, 12, 384 .
AMA StyleGaëlle Van Frank, Pierre Rivière, Sophie Pin, Raphaël Baltassat, Jean-François Berthellot, François Caizergues, Christian Dalmasso, Jean-Sébastien Gascuel, Alexandre Hyacinthe, Florent Mercier, Hélène Montaz, Bernard Ronot, Isabelle Goldringer. Genetic Diversity and Stability of Performance of Wheat Population Varieties Developed by Participatory Breeding. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaëlle Van Frank; Pierre Rivière; Sophie Pin; Raphaël Baltassat; Jean-François Berthellot; François Caizergues; Christian Dalmasso; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Florent Mercier; Hélène Montaz; Bernard Ronot; Isabelle Goldringer. 2020. "Genetic Diversity and Stability of Performance of Wheat Population Varieties Developed by Participatory Breeding." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 384.
Participatory plant breeding (PPB) is based on the decentralization of selection in farmers’ fields and their involvement in decision-making at all steps of the breeding scheme. Despite the evidence of its benefits to develop population varieties adapted to diversified and local practices and conditions, such as organic farming, PPB is still not widely used. There is a need to share more broadly how the different programs have overcome scientific, practical, and organizational issues and produced a large number of positive outcomes. Here, we report on a PPB program that started on bread wheat in France in 2006 and has achieved a range of outcomes, from the emergence of new organization among actors, to specific experimental designs and statistical methods developed, and to populations varieties developed and cultivated by farmers. We present the results of a two-year agronomic evaluation of the first population varieties developed within this PPB program compared to two commercial varieties currently grown in organic agriculture. We found that several PPB varieties were of great agronomic interest, combining relatively good performance even under the most favorable conditions of organic agriculture and good robustness, i.e., the ability to maintain productivity under more constraining conditions. The PPB varieties also tended to show a good temporal dynamic stability and appeared promising for the farmers involved.
Isabelle Goldringer; Gaëlle Van Frank; Caroline Bouvier D’Yvoire; Emma Forst; Nathalie Galic; Maxime Garnault; Jonathan Locqueville; Sophie Pin; Julien Bailly; Raphael Baltassat; Jean-François Berthellot; François Caizergues; Christian Dalmasso; Patrick De Kochko; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Julien Lacanette; Florent Mercier; Hélène Montaz; Bernard Ronot; Pierre Rivière. Agronomic Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties from Participatory Breeding: A Combination of Performance and Robustness. Sustainability 2019, 12, 128 .
AMA StyleIsabelle Goldringer, Gaëlle Van Frank, Caroline Bouvier D’Yvoire, Emma Forst, Nathalie Galic, Maxime Garnault, Jonathan Locqueville, Sophie Pin, Julien Bailly, Raphael Baltassat, Jean-François Berthellot, François Caizergues, Christian Dalmasso, Patrick De Kochko, Jean-Sébastien Gascuel, Alexandre Hyacinthe, Julien Lacanette, Florent Mercier, Hélène Montaz, Bernard Ronot, Pierre Rivière. Agronomic Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties from Participatory Breeding: A Combination of Performance and Robustness. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabelle Goldringer; Gaëlle Van Frank; Caroline Bouvier D’Yvoire; Emma Forst; Nathalie Galic; Maxime Garnault; Jonathan Locqueville; Sophie Pin; Julien Bailly; Raphael Baltassat; Jean-François Berthellot; François Caizergues; Christian Dalmasso; Patrick De Kochko; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Julien Lacanette; Florent Mercier; Hélène Montaz; Bernard Ronot; Pierre Rivière. 2019. "Agronomic Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties from Participatory Breeding: A Combination of Performance and Robustness." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 128.
Participatory plant breeding (PPB) has received much attention in recent decades for its ability to develop varieties adapted to the diversity of farm conditions and to farmers’ needs and practices. Specific methodological issues arise when working with on-farm experiments, one being the implementation of an experimental design that matches farmers’ constraints and objectives, while allowing for accurate statistical analyses of the data. We took the example of a French PPB case on bread wheat, in which farmers, facilitators and researchers have co-constructed an experimental design that meets their needs, but is very unbalanced and required the development of Bayesian statistical models to compare populations on-farm, over environments and analyze their sensitivity to environments. Through a simulation study, we investigated the effects of different characteristics of the experimental design on the behavior of two of these Bayesian models to identify the range of values that are most appropriate and give recommendations for decentralized experiments. We analyzed the estimates obtained by the models using different simulated datasets that differed by the values of the experimental design’s parameters. While within-environment population effects were well estimated even with few replicated controls, replicating populations of interest rather than controls within environments and including enough environments provided more power to detect significant differences. Population effects and sensitivities over environments were mainly impacted by the number of replications of populations across environments, therefore effort should be made to repeat populations in more environments if the aim is to characterize their behavior under various environmental conditions.
Gaëlle Van Frank; Isabelle Goldringer; Pierre Rivière; Olivier David. Influence of experimental design on decentralized, on-farm evaluation of populations: a simulation study. Euphytica 2019, 215, 126 .
AMA StyleGaëlle Van Frank, Isabelle Goldringer, Pierre Rivière, Olivier David. Influence of experimental design on decentralized, on-farm evaluation of populations: a simulation study. Euphytica. 2019; 215 (7):126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaëlle Van Frank; Isabelle Goldringer; Pierre Rivière; Olivier David. 2019. "Influence of experimental design on decentralized, on-farm evaluation of populations: a simulation study." Euphytica 215, no. 7: 126.
Dans les années 2000, des agriculteurs désireux de cultiver des blés correspondant à leurs besoins et soucieux d’affirmer leur autonomie vis-à-vis de l’industrie semencière, ont entrepris de relancer la sélection paysanne à la ferme. Des collaborations ont été tissées avec des généticiens de l’Inra, et se sont progressivement développées dans le cadre de projets financés. Or les financements de recherche impliquent une formalisation des partenariats, des engagements en termes de résultats académiques et une augmentation significative de la taille des projets. Dans ce nouveau contexte, comment préserver les valeurs d’émancipation paysanne et de justice cognitive sur lesquelles la collaboration paysans-chercheurs s’est originellement construite ? Cet article aborde la façon dont ce défi se pose concrètement aux acteurs de ces projets, et les précautions qu’ils mettent en œuvre pour y faire face. In the 2000s, a handful of farmers in France undertook to revive a practice fallen into disuse during agricultural modernization, i.e. on-farm plant breeding. Their motives were both to grow wheat varieties meeting their needs and to assert their independence towards the seed industry. Informal collaborations were woven with geneticists from the French institute for agronomic research (INRA), and developed further within the framework of funded projects. The foundations of a “decentralized participatory plant breeding” were then laid, both on a genetic rationale (breeding directly in the environments where the plants are to be grown) and on strong ethical principles (organizing non-hierarchical relations to let farmers question researchers’ assumptions). However, research funding involves a formalization of partnerships, commitments in terms of academic deliverables, and a significant increase in the size of projects. In this new context, how are the objectives of farmers’ empowerment and the values of cognitive justice on which the collaboration between farmers and researchers was originally built to be preserved? This article describes how this issue is actually tackled by the participants in these projects. We focus in particular on the debates raised by the creation of a database, and on the tensions it generates between centralization and decentralization. We also present the challenges raised by the dramatic increase in the number of participants, which risks to reproduce a division of tasks between researchers, farmers, and the people coordinating at a local level.
Élise Demeulenaere; Pierre Rivière; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Raphaël Baltassat; Sofia Baltazar; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Julien Lacanette; Hélène Montaz; Sophie Pin; Olivier Ranke; Estelle Serpolay-Besson; Mathieu Thomas; Gaëlle van Frank; Marc Vanoverschelde; Camille Vindras-Fouillet; Isabelle Goldringer. Dossier : Des recherches participatives dans la production des savoirs liés à l’environnement – La sélection participative à l’épreuve du changement d’échelle. À propos d’une collaboration entre paysans sélectionneurs et généticiens de terrain. Natures Sciences Sociétés 2017, 25, 336 -346.
AMA StyleÉlise Demeulenaere, Pierre Rivière, Alexandre Hyacinthe, Raphaël Baltassat, Sofia Baltazar, Jean-Sébastien Gascuel, Julien Lacanette, Hélène Montaz, Sophie Pin, Olivier Ranke, Estelle Serpolay-Besson, Mathieu Thomas, Gaëlle van Frank, Marc Vanoverschelde, Camille Vindras-Fouillet, Isabelle Goldringer. Dossier : Des recherches participatives dans la production des savoirs liés à l’environnement – La sélection participative à l’épreuve du changement d’échelle. À propos d’une collaboration entre paysans sélectionneurs et généticiens de terrain. Natures Sciences Sociétés. 2017; 25 (4):336-346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉlise Demeulenaere; Pierre Rivière; Alexandre Hyacinthe; Raphaël Baltassat; Sofia Baltazar; Jean-Sébastien Gascuel; Julien Lacanette; Hélène Montaz; Sophie Pin; Olivier Ranke; Estelle Serpolay-Besson; Mathieu Thomas; Gaëlle van Frank; Marc Vanoverschelde; Camille Vindras-Fouillet; Isabelle Goldringer. 2017. "Dossier : Des recherches participatives dans la production des savoirs liés à l’environnement – La sélection participative à l’épreuve du changement d’échelle. À propos d’une collaboration entre paysans sélectionneurs et généticiens de terrain." Natures Sciences Sociétés 25, no. 4: 336-346.