The article assesses the frequency control of a dual area hybrid microgrid (DHM) that comprises solar thermal systems alongside biodiesel-powered generators, energy storage components, and DC link. The chaotic butterfly optimization (CBOA) technique is used to attain the tuned gain constraints of the cascaded PI-TID controller. The novelty of the system lies in the integration of a combined solar gas turbine and solar chimney for load frequency control studies. Also, the application of CBOA to tune the controllers of cascaded PI-TID controllers is a novel approach. The superiority of CBOA tuned PI-TID controller is obtained after performing a comparative analysis of PID, TID, and PI-TID for controller selection and PSO, SCA, BOA, and CBOA for selecting the superior algorithm. The outcome of each component of the system is analyzed and subjected to the consideration of different real-time scenarios. Sensitivity evaluation is carried out by altering the source and load settings to establish the domination of the CBOA optimized PI-TID controller.

The traditional solar farms could be collaborated with other bioenergy generators in a hybrid microgrid system to supply timely demands as conventional units. However, the intermittency and climate dependency of renewable resources create a challenge for reliable system performance. This paper represents a unique system model to regulate the system frequency with minimum system performance deviation. The system comprises of a solar photovoltaic system and a combined solar-thermal with Biogas support, which is supposed to produce form the biodegradable wastes of the community. The system also includes a biodiesel generator and Battery Storage to support the power fluctuation. Throughout the proposed system, the classical PID controller is used which is tuned by a recent optimization technique named Selfish Herd Optimisation. The controller gains have been optimized with other optimization techniques. The system adaptability has been verified by 3 different extreme conditions along with real-time load variation. The results are found satisfactory for maintaining the load-frequency within the acceptable limit in all these 3-cases.