This study investigates the impact of green spaces on enhancing the thermal microclimate of the Biskra University campus, located in a hot and arid urban environment in southeastern Algeria. Through an experimental approach, air temperature, relative humidity, and airspeed were measured at five distinct points, each representing varying vegetation characteristics. The results reveal that vegetation significantly reduces ambient temperatures, with differences of up to 2.6°C observed between measurement sites. Key findings indicate that cooling efficiency is influenced by several factors, including the type and density of vegetation, the time of day, exposure to solar radiation, and the nature of surrounding surfaces. Among vegetation types, trees demonstrated greater cooling effectiveness than grass, particularly when densely planted. The study concludes that strategic vegetation placement, combined with additional shading structures such as pergolas and well-planned spatial orientation, can significantly improve microclimatic conditions in arid urban environments. These findings underscore the potential of integrating green spaces into urban planning to mitigate heat and enhance thermal comfort in challenging climates.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the light and thermal comfort in a 'transparent' office. This last term designates a working space whose outer wall is entirely glazed by a simple transparent glazing in a first case, and a transparent double glazing in a second case, in the context of arid environments with a hot and dry climate and therefore under the sky Bright sunny. Various solar protections are used for the case of simple glazing and the best performing among them is maintained for office simulations with double-glazing. The study was carried out using an experimental approach. Thus, computer simulations using ECOTECT and RADIANCE softwares were carried out for transparent desk models in order to evaluate: i) illuminance on the worktop ii) luminance in the field Visual, (iii) indoor air temperatures, (iv) and annual energy consumption. It was carried out for south-facing offices at a location with a latitude of 34.48° North and a longitude of 5.73° East. The evaluation of the results obtained is based on recommended reference values ​​for the various simulated indicators. Based on the results obtained from natural light and thermal performance in a single-glazed transparent office, the cases tested were classified according to their degrees of performance in order to choose the optimal orientation for the case of south orientation. In this respect, one notes essentially the performance of the office whose facade is a curtain wall double transparent windows oriented South equipped with a system 'Light shelf'.

This study investigates the interaction between climate and colonial architectural heritage, focusing on the adaptive design strategies employed in office buildings constructed during the colonial period. Utilizing a bioclimatic approach and referencing Mahony's table, the research conducts a comparative analysis between the recommendations of bioclimatic design principles and the responsive design strategies adopted by French engineers during the colonial era. The objective is to determine whether these colonial-era buildings were constructed in accordance with local climatic conditions. The findings of this study shed light on architecture that effectively responds to climate, serving as an important source of inspiration for contemporary designers. This is particularly relevant at a time when the harmonious relationship between modern architectural design and climate challenges has diminished. This research contributes to a better understanding of the integration of bioclimatic principles in colonial architecture, offering valuable insights for developing sustainable and resilient design strategies in the face of current climate changes. By re-evaluating past practices, it proposes a thorough reflection on the importance of designing buildings adapted to environmental specificities, promoting a more ecological and contextual approach to contemporary architecture.