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Dr. Daniel R. Perez
Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

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0 Influenza viruses
0 emerging viruses
0 Interspecies transmission of viral pathogens
0 Virus entry and replication
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emerging viruses
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Virology division news
Published: 31 August 2021 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Vaccines
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Influenza B virus (IBV) is considered a major respiratory pathogen responsible for seasonal respiratory disease in humans, particularly severe in children and the elderly. Seasonal influenza vaccination is considered the most efficient strategy to prevent and control IBV infections. Live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIVs) are thought to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses by mimicking a natural infection, but their effectiveness has recently come into question. Thus, the opportunity exists to find alternative approaches to improve overall influenza vaccine effectiveness. Two alternative IBV backbones were developed with rearranged genomes, rearranged M (FluB-RAM) and a rearranged NS (FluB-RANS). Both rearranged viruses showed temperature sensitivity in vitro compared with the WT type B/Bris strain, were genetically stable over multiple passages in embryonated chicken eggs and were attenuated in vivo in mice. In a prime-boost regime in naïve mice, both rearranged viruses induced antibodies against HA with hemagglutination inhibition titers considered of protective value. In addition, antibodies against NA and NP were readily detected with potential protective value. Upon lethal IBV challenge, mice previously vaccinated with either FluB-RAM or FluB-RANS were completely protected against clinical disease and mortality. In conclusion, genome re-arrangement renders efficacious LAIV candidates to protect mice against IBV.

ACS Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; C. Joaquín Cáceres; Aarti Jain; Ginger Geiger; Jong-Suk Mo; Algimantas Jasinskas; Rie Nakajima; Daniela S. Rajao; D. Huw Davies; Daniel R. Perez. FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS: Genome Rearrangement as Safe and Efficacious Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines. Vaccines 2021, 9, 897 .

AMA Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, C. Joaquín Cáceres, Aarti Jain, Ginger Geiger, Jong-Suk Mo, Algimantas Jasinskas, Rie Nakajima, Daniela S. Rajao, D. Huw Davies, Daniel R. Perez. FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS: Genome Rearrangement as Safe and Efficacious Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; C. Joaquín Cáceres; Aarti Jain; Ginger Geiger; Jong-Suk Mo; Algimantas Jasinskas; Rie Nakajima; Daniela S. Rajao; D. Huw Davies; Daniel R. Perez. 2021. "FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS: Genome Rearrangement as Safe and Efficacious Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 897.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Vaccines
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Influenza B virus (IBV) is a major respiratory pathogen of humans, particularly in the elderly and children, and vaccines are the most effective way to control it. In previous work, incorporation of two mutations (E580G, S660A) along with the addition of an HA epitope tag in the PB1 segment of B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Bris) resulted in an attenuated strain that was safe and effective as a live attenuated vaccine. A third attempted mutation (K391E) in PB1 was not always stable. Interestingly, viruses that maintained the K391E mutation were associated with the mutation E48K. To explore the contribution of the E48K mutation to stability of the K391E mutation, a vaccine candidate was generated by inserting both mutations, along with attenuating mutations E580G and S660A, in PB1 of B/Bris (B/Bris PB1att 4M). Serial passages of the B/Bris PB1att 4M vaccine candidate in eggs and MDCK indicated high stability. In silico structural analysis revealed a potential interaction between amino acids at positions 48 and 391. In mice, B/Bris PB1att 4M was safe and provided complete protection against homologous challenge. These results confirm the compensatory effect of mutation E48K to stabilize the K391E mutation, resulting in a safer, yet still protective, IBV LAIV vaccine.

ACS Style

Jongsuk Mo; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Jefferson Santos; Lucas Ferreri; C. Cáceres; Ginger Geiger; Daniel Perez; Daniela Rajao. Mutation E48K in PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Stability of a Candidate Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccine. Vaccines 2021, 9, 800 .

AMA Style

Jongsuk Mo, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Jefferson Santos, Lucas Ferreri, C. Cáceres, Ginger Geiger, Daniel Perez, Daniela Rajao. Mutation E48K in PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Stability of a Candidate Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccine. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (7):800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jongsuk Mo; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Jefferson Santos; Lucas Ferreri; C. Cáceres; Ginger Geiger; Daniel Perez; Daniela Rajao. 2021. "Mutation E48K in PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Stability of a Candidate Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccine." Vaccines 9, no. 7: 800.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Viruses
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Influenza B viruses (IBV) circulate annually, with young children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals being at high risk. Yearly vaccinations are recommended to protect against seasonally influenza viruses, including IBV. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) provide the unique opportunity for direct exposure to the antigenically variable surface glycoproteins as well as the more conserved internal components. Ideally, LAIV Master Donor Viruses (MDV) should accurately reflect seasonal influenza strains. Unfortunately, the continuous evolution of IBV have led to significant changes in conserved epitopes compared to the IBV MDV based on B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 strain. Here, we propose a recent influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 as an efficacious MDV alternative, as its internal viral proteins more accurately reflect those of circulating IBV strains. We introduced the mutations responsible for the temperature sensitive (ts), cold adapted (ca) and attenuated (att) phenotype of B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 MDV LAIV into B/Brisbane/60/2008 to generate a new MDV LAIV. In vitro and in vivo analysis demonstrated that the mutations responsible of the ts, ca, and att phenotype of B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 MDV LAIV were able to infer the same phenotype to B/Brisbane/60/2008, demonstrating its potential as a new MDV for the development of LAIV to protect against contemporary IBV strains.

ACS Style

Chantelle White; Kevin Chiem; Daniel Perez; Jefferson Santos; Stivalis Cardenas Garcia; Aitor Nogales; Luis Martínez-Sobrido. A New Master Donor Virus for the Development of Live-Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines. Viruses 2021, 13, 1278 .

AMA Style

Chantelle White, Kevin Chiem, Daniel Perez, Jefferson Santos, Stivalis Cardenas Garcia, Aitor Nogales, Luis Martínez-Sobrido. A New Master Donor Virus for the Development of Live-Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chantelle White; Kevin Chiem; Daniel Perez; Jefferson Santos; Stivalis Cardenas Garcia; Aitor Nogales; Luis Martínez-Sobrido. 2021. "A New Master Donor Virus for the Development of Live-Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1278.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Vaccines
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Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines elicit a combination of systemic and mucosal immunity by mimicking a natural infection. To further enhance protective mucosal responses, we incorporated the gene encoding the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP) into the LAIV genomes of the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) strain (caLen) and the experimental attenuated backbone A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (H3N2) (OH/04att). Incorporation of IGIP into the caLen background led to a virus that grew poorly in prototypical substrates. In contrast, IGIP in the OH/04att background (IGIP-H1att) virus grew to titers comparable to the isogenic backbone H1att (H1N1) without IGIP. IGIP-H1att- and H1caLen-vaccinated mice were protected against lethal challenge with a homologous virus. The IGIP-H1att vaccine generated robust serum HAI responses in naïve mice against the homologous virus, equal or better than those obtained with the H1caLen vaccine. Analyses of IgG and IgA responses using a protein microarray revealed qualitative differences in humoral and mucosal responses between vaccine groups. Overall, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the IGIP-H1att group showed trends towards increased stimulation of IgG and IgA responses compared to H1caLen samples. In summary, the introduction of genes encoding immunomodulatory functions into a candidate LAIV can serve as natural adjuvants to improve overall vaccine safety and efficacy.

ACS Style

C. Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Aarti Jain; L. Gay; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Lucas Ferreri; Ginger Geiger; Algimantas Jasinskas; Rie Nakajima; Daniela Rajao; Irina Isakova-Sivak; Larisa Rudenko; Amy Vincent; D. Davies; Daniel Perez. Development of a Novel Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Encoding the IgA-Inducing Protein. Vaccines 2021, 9, 703 .

AMA Style

C. Cáceres, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Aarti Jain, L. Gay, Silvia Carnaccini, Brittany Seibert, Lucas Ferreri, Ginger Geiger, Algimantas Jasinskas, Rie Nakajima, Daniela Rajao, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Larisa Rudenko, Amy Vincent, D. Davies, Daniel Perez. Development of a Novel Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Encoding the IgA-Inducing Protein. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (7):703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Aarti Jain; L. Gay; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Lucas Ferreri; Ginger Geiger; Algimantas Jasinskas; Rie Nakajima; Daniela Rajao; Irina Isakova-Sivak; Larisa Rudenko; Amy Vincent; D. Davies; Daniel Perez. 2021. "Development of a Novel Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Encoding the IgA-Inducing Protein." Vaccines 9, no. 7: 703.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the defining global health emergency of this century. GC-376 is a Mpro inhibitor with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Using the K18-hACE2 mouse model, the in vivo antiviral efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. GC-376 treatment was not toxic in K18-hACE2 mice. Overall outcome of clinical symptoms and survival upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge were not improved in mice treated with GC-376 compared to controls. The treatment with GC-376 slightly improved survival from 0 to 20% in mice challenged with a high virus dose at 105 TCID50/mouse. Most notably, GC-376 treatment led to milder tissue lesions, reduced viral loads, fewer presence of viral antigen, and reduced inflammation in comparison to vehicle-treated controls in mice challenged with a low virus dose at 103 TCID50/mouse. This was particularly the case in the brain where a 5-log reduction in viral titers was observed in GC-376 treated mice compared to vehicle controls. This study supports the notion that GC-376 represents a promising lead candidate for further development to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection and that the K18-hACE2 mouse model is suitable to study antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2.

ACS Style

C. Joaquín Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Daniela S. Rajao; Jun Wang; Daniel R. Perez. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

C. Joaquín Cáceres, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Silvia Carnaccini, Brittany Seibert, Daniela S. Rajao, Jun Wang, Daniel R. Perez. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Joaquín Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Daniela S. Rajao; Jun Wang; Daniel R. Perez. 2021. "Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-13.

Preprint content
Published: 23 April 2021
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Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths and declining economies around the world. K18-hACE2 mice develop disease resembling severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in a virus dose-dependent manner. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the intestinal or respiratory microbiome is not fully understood. In this context, we characterized the cecal and lung microbiome of SARS-CoV-2 challenged K18-hACE2 transgenic mice in the presence or absence of treatment with the Mpro inhibitor GC376. Cecum microbiome showed decreased Shannon and Inv Simpson diversity index correlating with SARS-CoV-2 infection dosage and a difference of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances among control and infected mice. Bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes, particularly Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae, were significantly less abundant while Verrucomicrobiota, particularly the family Akkermansiaceae, were increasingly more prevalent during peak infection in mice challenged with a high virus dose. In contrast to the cecal microbiome, the lung microbiome showed similar microbial diversity among the control, low and high challenge virus groups, independent of antiviral treatment. Bacterial phyla in the lungs such as Bacteroidota decreased while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly enriched in mice challenged with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, we identified changes in the cecal and lung microbiome of K18-hACE2 mice with severe clinical signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths. The host’s respiratory and intestinal microbiome can affect directly or indirectly the immune system during viral infections. We characterized the cecal and lung microbiome in a relevant mouse model challenged with a low and high dose of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence or absence of an antiviral Mpro inhibitor, GC376. Decreased microbial diversity and taxonomic abundances of the phyla Firmicutes, particularly Lachnospiraceae, correlating with infection dosage was observed in the cecum. In addition, microbes within the family Akkermansiaceae were increasingly more prevalent during peak infection, which is observed in other viral infections. The lung microbiome showed similar microbial diversity to the control, independent of antiviral treatment. Decreased Bacteroidota and increased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were observed in the lungs in a virus dose-dependent manner. These studies add to a better understanding of the complexities associated with the intestinal microbiome during respiratory infections.

ACS Style

Brittany Seibert; C. Joaquín Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Ginger Geiger; Daniela S. Rajao; Elizabeth Ottesen; Daniel R. Perez. Mild and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces respiratory and intestinal microbiome changes in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Brittany Seibert, C. Joaquín Cáceres, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Silvia Carnaccini, Ginger Geiger, Daniela S. Rajao, Elizabeth Ottesen, Daniel R. Perez. Mild and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces respiratory and intestinal microbiome changes in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brittany Seibert; C. Joaquín Cáceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Ginger Geiger; Daniela S. Rajao; Elizabeth Ottesen; Daniel R. Perez. 2021. "Mild and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces respiratory and intestinal microbiome changes in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Journal of Virology
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H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage continue to circulate widely, affecting both poultry and wild birds. These viruses continue to change and reassort, which affects their fitness for different avian hosts.

ACS Style

Sung-Su Youk; Christina M. Leyson; Brittany A. Seibert; Samadhan Jadhao; Daniel R. Perez; David L. Suarez; Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood. Mutations in PB1, NP, HA, and NA Contribute to Increased Virus Fitness of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4 in Chickens. Journal of Virology 2021, 95, 1 .

AMA Style

Sung-Su Youk, Christina M. Leyson, Brittany A. Seibert, Samadhan Jadhao, Daniel R. Perez, David L. Suarez, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood. Mutations in PB1, NP, HA, and NA Contribute to Increased Virus Fitness of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4 in Chickens. Journal of Virology. 2021; 95 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Su Youk; Christina M. Leyson; Brittany A. Seibert; Samadhan Jadhao; Daniel R. Perez; David L. Suarez; Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood. 2021. "Mutations in PB1, NP, HA, and NA Contribute to Increased Virus Fitness of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4 in Chickens." Journal of Virology 95, no. 5: 1.

Preprint content
Published: 27 January 2021
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the defining global health emergency of this century. GC-376 is a Mpro inhibitor with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Using the K18-hACE2 mouse model, the in vivo antiviral efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. GC-376 treatment was not toxic in K18-hACE2 mice and produced milder tissue lesions, reduced viral loads, fewer presence of viral antigen, and reduced inflammation in comparison to vehicle-treated controls, most notably in the brain in mice challenged with a low virus dose. Although GC-376 was not sufficient to improve neither clinical symptoms nor survival, it did show a positive effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. This study supports the notion that the K18-hACE2 mouse model is suitable to study antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, and GC-376 represents a promising lead candidate for further development to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.

ACS Style

C. Joaquin Caceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Daniela S. Rajao; Jun Wang; Daniel R. Perez. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

C. Joaquin Caceres, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Silvia Carnaccini, Brittany Seibert, Daniela S. Rajao, Jun Wang, Daniel R. Perez. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Joaquin Caceres; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Silvia Carnaccini; Brittany Seibert; Daniela S. Rajao; Jun Wang; Daniel R. Perez. 2021. "Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Journal of Virological Methods
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Influenza viruses are among the most significant pathogens of humans and animals. Reverse genetics allows for the study of molecular attributes that modulate virus host range, virulence and transmission. The most common reverse genetics methods use bi-directional vectors containing a host RNA polymerase (pol) I promoter to produce virus-like RNAs and a host RNA pol II promoter to direct the synthesis of viral proteins. Given the species-dependency of the pol I promoter and virus-host interactions that influence replication of animal-origin influenza viruses in human-derived cells, we explored the potential of using the swine RNA pol I promoter (spol1) in a bi-directional vector for rescuing type A and B influenza viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively) in swine and human cells. The spol1-based bi-directional plasmid vector led to efficient rescue of IAVs of different origins (human, swine, and avian) as well as IBV in both swine- and human-origin tissue culture cells. In addition, virus rescue was successful using a recombinant bacmid containing all eight segments of a swine origin IAV. In conclusion, the spol1-based reverse genetics system is a new platform to study influenza viruses and produce swine influenza vaccines with increased transfection efficiency.

ACS Style

Brittany Seibert; Matthew Angel; C Joaquin Caceres; Troy Sutton; Ayush Kumar; Lucas Ferreri; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Ginger Geiger; Daniela Rajao; Daniel R. Perez. Development of a swine RNA polymerase I driven Influenza reverse genetics system for the rescue of type A and B Influenza viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 2020, 288, 114011 -114011.

AMA Style

Brittany Seibert, Matthew Angel, C Joaquin Caceres, Troy Sutton, Ayush Kumar, Lucas Ferreri, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Ginger Geiger, Daniela Rajao, Daniel R. Perez. Development of a swine RNA polymerase I driven Influenza reverse genetics system for the rescue of type A and B Influenza viruses. Journal of Virological Methods. 2020; 288 ():114011-114011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brittany Seibert; Matthew Angel; C Joaquin Caceres; Troy Sutton; Ayush Kumar; Lucas Ferreri; Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; Ginger Geiger; Daniela Rajao; Daniel R. Perez. 2020. "Development of a swine RNA polymerase I driven Influenza reverse genetics system for the rescue of type A and B Influenza viruses." Journal of Virological Methods 288, no. : 114011-114011.

Review article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Current Opinion in Virology
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Influenza B virus is a respiratory pathogen that affects more severely the pediatric and elderly populations. There are two lineages of influenza B virus that seem to have differential predilection for age groups. Both lineages can co-circulate during the influenza season however one is usually more prominent than the other depending on the season. There are no defined indicators to predict which lineage will dominate in any given season. In recent years, the addition of viruses from both lineages to the seasonal influenza vaccine formulation has improved vaccine protection, although quadrivalent vaccines are not available worldwide. Reverse genetics has facilitated advancements in the field of vaccine development against influenza B virus. Different strategies have been explored showing promising results that could potentially lead to the development broadly protective influenza B virus vaccines.

ACS Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; C Joaquin Caceres; Daniela Rajao; Daniel R Perez. Reverse genetics for influenza B viruses and recent advances in vaccine development. Current Opinion in Virology 2020, 44, 191 -202.

AMA Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, C Joaquin Caceres, Daniela Rajao, Daniel R Perez. Reverse genetics for influenza B viruses and recent advances in vaccine development. Current Opinion in Virology. 2020; 44 ():191-202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia; C Joaquin Caceres; Daniela Rajao; Daniel R Perez. 2020. "Reverse genetics for influenza B viruses and recent advances in vaccine development." Current Opinion in Virology 44, no. : 191-202.

Virology division news
Published: 04 September 2020 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2020, 165, 3023 -3072.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Simon J. Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V. Da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M. R. Dávila, Juan Carlos De La Torre, Xavier De Lamballerie, Rik L. De Swart, Patrick L. Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V. Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Leonie F. Forth, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R. Hughes, Timothy H. Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E. Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A. Lamb, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R. S. Lemos, Eric M. Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel De Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Giovanni P. Martelli, Robert R. Martin, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L. Økland, Renata C. Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G. Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F. Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2020; 165 (12):3023-3072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020. "2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology 165, no. 12: 3023-3072.

Research article
Published: 13 August 2020 in PLOS Pathogens
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The virus-bacterial synergism implicated in secondary bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae following infection with epidemic or pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such synergism remain largely ill-defined. In pneumocytes infected with influenza A virus, subsequent infection with S. pneumoniae leads to enhanced pneumococcal intracellular survival. The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH appears essential for such enhanced survival. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis between the ΔsirR and wt strains, a list of 179 differentially expressed genes was defined. Among those, the clpL protein chaperone gene and the psaB Mn+2 transporter gene, which are involved in the stress response, are important in enhancing S. pneumoniae survival in influenza-infected cells. The ΔsirR, ΔclpL and ΔpsaB deletion mutants display increased susceptibility to acidic and oxidative stress and no enhancement of intracellular survival in IAV-infected pneumocyte cells. These results suggest that the SirRH two-component system senses IAV-induced stress conditions and controls adaptive responses that allow survival of S. pneumoniae in IAV-infected pneumocytes. S. pneumoniae is an inhabitant of the human nasopharynx that is capable of causing a variety of infections contributing to an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year. Many of these deaths occur as result of secondary S. pneumoniae infections following seasonal or pandemic influenza. Although S. pneumoniae is considered a typical extracellular pathogen, an intracellular survival mechanism has been more recently recognized as significant in bacterial pathogenesis. The synergistic effects between influenza A and S. pneumoniae in secondary bacterial infection are well documented; however, the effects of influenza infections on intracellular survival of S. pneumoniae are ill-defined. Here, we provide evidence that influenza infection increases S. pneumoniae intracellular survival in pneumocytes. We demonstrate that the poorly understood SirRH signal transduction system in pneumococcus controls the expression of genes involved in the stress response that S. pneumoniae needs to increase intracellular survival in influenza A-infected pneumocytes. These findings have important implications for understanding secondary bacterial pathogenesis following influenza and for the treatment of such infections in influenza-stricken patients.

ACS Style

Nicolás M. Reinoso-Vizcaíno; Melina B. Cian; Paulo R. Cortes; Nadia B. Olivero; Mirelys Hernandez-Morfa; Germán E. Piñas; Chandan Badapanda; Ankita Rathore; Daniel Perez; José Echenique. The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza-infected pulmonary cells. PLOS Pathogens 2020, 16, e1008761 .

AMA Style

Nicolás M. Reinoso-Vizcaíno, Melina B. Cian, Paulo R. Cortes, Nadia B. Olivero, Mirelys Hernandez-Morfa, Germán E. Piñas, Chandan Badapanda, Ankita Rathore, Daniel Perez, José Echenique. The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza-infected pulmonary cells. PLOS Pathogens. 2020; 16 (8):e1008761.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolás M. Reinoso-Vizcaíno; Melina B. Cian; Paulo R. Cortes; Nadia B. Olivero; Mirelys Hernandez-Morfa; Germán E. Piñas; Chandan Badapanda; Ankita Rathore; Daniel Perez; José Echenique. 2020. "The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza-infected pulmonary cells." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 8: e1008761.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2020 in Nature Microbiology
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Infection with a single influenza A virus (IAV) is only rarely sufficient to initiate productive infection. Instead, multiple viral genomes are often required in a given cell. Here, we show that the reliance of IAV on multiple infection can form an important species barrier. Namely, we find that avian H9N2 viruses representative of those circulating widely at the poultry–human interface exhibit acute dependence on collective interactions in mammalian systems. This need for multiple infection is greatly reduced in the natural host. Quantification of incomplete viral genomes showed that their complementation accounts for the moderate reliance on multiple infection seen in avian cells but not the added reliance seen in mammalian cells. An additional form of virus–virus interaction is needed in mammals. We find that the PA gene segment is a major driver of this phenotype and that both viral replication and transcription are affected. These data indicate that multiple distinct mechanisms underlie the reliance of IAV on multiple infection and underscore the importance of virus–virus interactions in IAV infection, evolution and emergence.

ACS Style

Kara L. Phipps; Ketaki Ganti; Nathan T. Jacobs; Chung-Young Lee; Silvia Carnaccini; Maria C. White; Miglena Manandhar; Brett E. Pickett; Gene S. Tan; Lucas M. Ferreri; Daniel R. Perez; Anice C. Lowen. Collective interactions augment influenza A virus replication in a host-dependent manner. Nature Microbiology 2020, 5, 1158 -1169.

AMA Style

Kara L. Phipps, Ketaki Ganti, Nathan T. Jacobs, Chung-Young Lee, Silvia Carnaccini, Maria C. White, Miglena Manandhar, Brett E. Pickett, Gene S. Tan, Lucas M. Ferreri, Daniel R. Perez, Anice C. Lowen. Collective interactions augment influenza A virus replication in a host-dependent manner. Nature Microbiology. 2020; 5 (9):1158-1169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kara L. Phipps; Ketaki Ganti; Nathan T. Jacobs; Chung-Young Lee; Silvia Carnaccini; Maria C. White; Miglena Manandhar; Brett E. Pickett; Gene S. Tan; Lucas M. Ferreri; Daniel R. Perez; Anice C. Lowen. 2020. "Collective interactions augment influenza A virus replication in a host-dependent manner." Nature Microbiology 5, no. 9: 1158-1169.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2020 in Journal of Virology
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Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are important threats to human health worldwide. Although extensively studied, some aspects of virus pathogenesis and tissue tropism remain unclear. Here, by different strategies, we describe the asymptomatic infection of human lymphoid organs by IAV in children. Our results indicate that IAV was not only detected and isolated from human tonsils but displayed unique genetic features in comparison with those of contemporaneous IAVs circulating in Brazil and detected in swabs and nasal washes. Inside the tissue microenvironment, immune cells were shown to be carrying IAV antigens, especially B and T CD8 + lymphocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that human lymphoid tissues can be sites of silent IAV infections with possible impact on virus shedding to the population.

ACS Style

Italo A. Castro; Daniel M. M. Jorge; Lucas Ferreri; Ronaldo B. Martins; Marjorie C. Pontelli; Bruna L. S. Jesus; Ricardo S. Cardoso; Miria F. Criado; Lucas Carenzi; Fabiana C. P. Valera; Edwin Tamashiro; Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima; Daniel Perez; Eurico Arruda. Silent Infection of B and CD8 + T Lymphocytes by Influenza A Virus in Children with Tonsillar Hypertrophy. Journal of Virology 2020, 94, 1 .

AMA Style

Italo A. Castro, Daniel M. M. Jorge, Lucas Ferreri, Ronaldo B. Martins, Marjorie C. Pontelli, Bruna L. S. Jesus, Ricardo S. Cardoso, Miria F. Criado, Lucas Carenzi, Fabiana C. P. Valera, Edwin Tamashiro, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Daniel Perez, Eurico Arruda. Silent Infection of B and CD8 + T Lymphocytes by Influenza A Virus in Children with Tonsillar Hypertrophy. Journal of Virology. 2020; 94 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Italo A. Castro; Daniel M. M. Jorge; Lucas Ferreri; Ronaldo B. Martins; Marjorie C. Pontelli; Bruna L. S. Jesus; Ricardo S. Cardoso; Miria F. Criado; Lucas Carenzi; Fabiana C. P. Valera; Edwin Tamashiro; Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima; Daniel Perez; Eurico Arruda. 2020. "Silent Infection of B and CD8 + T Lymphocytes by Influenza A Virus in Children with Tonsillar Hypertrophy." Journal of Virology 94, no. 9: 1.

Research article
Published: 14 April 2020 in PLOS Pathogens
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The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned.

ACS Style

Luis Martinez-Sobrido; Pilar Blanco Lobo; Laura Rodriguez; Theresa Fitzgerald; Hanyuan Zhang; Phuong Nguyen; Christopher S. Anderson; Jeanne Holden-Wiltse; Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay; Aitor Nogales; Marta L. DeDiego; Brian R. Wasik; Benjamin L. Miller; Carole Henry; Patrick C. Wilson; Mark Y. Sangster; John J. Treanor; David J. Topham; Lauren Byrd-Leotis; David A. Steinhauer; Richard D. Cummings; Jasmina M. Luczo; Stephen M. Tompkins; Kaori Sakamoto; Cheryl A. Jones; John Steel; Anice C. Lowen; Shamika Danzy; Hui Tao; Ashley L. Fink; Sabra L. Klein; Nicholas Wohlgemuth; Katherine J. Fenstermacher; Farah El Najjar; Andrew Pekosz; Lauren Sauer; Mitra K. Lewis; Kathryn Shaw-Saliba; Richard E. Rothman; Zhen-Ying Liu; Kuan-Fu Chen; Colin R. Parrish; Ian E. H. Voorhees; Yoshihiro Kawaoka; Gabriele Neumann; Shiho Chiba; Shufang Fan; Masato Hatta; Huihui Kong; Gongxun Zhong; Guojun Wang; Melissa B. Uccellini; Adolfo García-Sastre; Daniel R. Perez; Lucas M. Ferreri; Sander Herfst; Mathilde Richard; Ron Fouchier; David Burke; David Pattinson; Derek J. Smith; Victoria Meliopoulos; Pamela Freiden; Brandi Livingston; Bridgett Sharp; Sean Cherry; Juan Carlos Dib; Guohua Yang; Charles Russell; Subrata Barman; Richard J. Webby; Scott Krauss; Angela Danner; Karlie Woodard; Malik Peiris; R. A. P. M. Perera; M. C. W. Chan; Elena A. Govorkova; Bindumadhav M. Marathe; Philippe N. Q. Pascua; Gavin Smith; Yao-Tsun Li; Paul G. Thomas; Stacey Schultz-Cherry. Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses. PLOS Pathogens 2020, 16, e1008409 .

AMA Style

Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Pilar Blanco Lobo, Laura Rodriguez, Theresa Fitzgerald, Hanyuan Zhang, Phuong Nguyen, Christopher S. Anderson, Jeanne Holden-Wiltse, Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay, Aitor Nogales, Marta L. DeDiego, Brian R. Wasik, Benjamin L. Miller, Carole Henry, Patrick C. Wilson, Mark Y. Sangster, John J. Treanor, David J. Topham, Lauren Byrd-Leotis, David A. Steinhauer, Richard D. Cummings, Jasmina M. Luczo, Stephen M. Tompkins, Kaori Sakamoto, Cheryl A. Jones, John Steel, Anice C. Lowen, Shamika Danzy, Hui Tao, Ashley L. Fink, Sabra L. Klein, Nicholas Wohlgemuth, Katherine J. Fenstermacher, Farah El Najjar, Andrew Pekosz, Lauren Sauer, Mitra K. Lewis, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Richard E. Rothman, Zhen-Ying Liu, Kuan-Fu Chen, Colin R. Parrish, Ian E. H. Voorhees, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Gabriele Neumann, Shiho Chiba, Shufang Fan, Masato Hatta, Huihui Kong, Gongxun Zhong, Guojun Wang, Melissa B. Uccellini, Adolfo García-Sastre, Daniel R. Perez, Lucas M. Ferreri, Sander Herfst, Mathilde Richard, Ron Fouchier, David Burke, David Pattinson, Derek J. Smith, Victoria Meliopoulos, Pamela Freiden, Brandi Livingston, Bridgett Sharp, Sean Cherry, Juan Carlos Dib, Guohua Yang, Charles Russell, Subrata Barman, Richard J. Webby, Scott Krauss, Angela Danner, Karlie Woodard, Malik Peiris, R. A. P. M. Perera, M. C. W. Chan, Elena A. Govorkova, Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Philippe N. Q. Pascua, Gavin Smith, Yao-Tsun Li, Paul G. Thomas, Stacey Schultz-Cherry. Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses. PLOS Pathogens. 2020; 16 (4):e1008409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Martinez-Sobrido; Pilar Blanco Lobo; Laura Rodriguez; Theresa Fitzgerald; Hanyuan Zhang; Phuong Nguyen; Christopher S. Anderson; Jeanne Holden-Wiltse; Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay; Aitor Nogales; Marta L. DeDiego; Brian R. Wasik; Benjamin L. Miller; Carole Henry; Patrick C. Wilson; Mark Y. Sangster; John J. Treanor; David J. Topham; Lauren Byrd-Leotis; David A. Steinhauer; Richard D. Cummings; Jasmina M. Luczo; Stephen M. Tompkins; Kaori Sakamoto; Cheryl A. Jones; John Steel; Anice C. Lowen; Shamika Danzy; Hui Tao; Ashley L. Fink; Sabra L. Klein; Nicholas Wohlgemuth; Katherine J. Fenstermacher; Farah El Najjar; Andrew Pekosz; Lauren Sauer; Mitra K. Lewis; Kathryn Shaw-Saliba; Richard E. Rothman; Zhen-Ying Liu; Kuan-Fu Chen; Colin R. Parrish; Ian E. H. Voorhees; Yoshihiro Kawaoka; Gabriele Neumann; Shiho Chiba; Shufang Fan; Masato Hatta; Huihui Kong; Gongxun Zhong; Guojun Wang; Melissa B. Uccellini; Adolfo García-Sastre; Daniel R. Perez; Lucas M. Ferreri; Sander Herfst; Mathilde Richard; Ron Fouchier; David Burke; David Pattinson; Derek J. Smith; Victoria Meliopoulos; Pamela Freiden; Brandi Livingston; Bridgett Sharp; Sean Cherry; Juan Carlos Dib; Guohua Yang; Charles Russell; Subrata Barman; Richard J. Webby; Scott Krauss; Angela Danner; Karlie Woodard; Malik Peiris; R. A. P. M. Perera; M. C. W. Chan; Elena A. Govorkova; Bindumadhav M. Marathe; Philippe N. Q. Pascua; Gavin Smith; Yao-Tsun Li; Paul G. Thomas; Stacey Schultz-Cherry. 2020. "Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 4: e1008409.

Protocol
Published: 14 March 2020 in Methods in Molecular Biology
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Reverse genetics is the process of generating an RNA virus from a cDNA copy. Reverse genetics systems have truly transformed our ability to manipulate and study negative-strand RNA viruses. Plasmid-based reverse genetics approaches for influenza viruses provide a better understanding of virulence, transmission, mechanisms of antiviral resistance, and the development of alternative vaccines and vaccination strategies. Studying the molecular changes that allow influenza A viruses (IAVs) to transmit among animal species is important to better understand their animal health and public health risks. In this chapter, the cloning of cDNA copies of IAV’s RNA segments into a reverse genetics plasmid vector, the experimental procedures for studying viral polymerase activity, and the successful generation of recombinant IAVs are described.

ACS Style

Daniel R. Perez; Brittany Seibert; Lucas Ferreri; Chang-Won Lee; Daniela Rajao. Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics of Influenza A Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology 2020, 2123, 37 -59.

AMA Style

Daniel R. Perez, Brittany Seibert, Lucas Ferreri, Chang-Won Lee, Daniela Rajao. Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics of Influenza A Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2020; 2123 ():37-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel R. Perez; Brittany Seibert; Lucas Ferreri; Chang-Won Lee; Daniela Rajao. 2020. "Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics of Influenza A Virus." Methods in Molecular Biology 2123, no. : 37-59.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that has been known to circulate for decades causing mild febrile illness. The more recent ZIKV outbreaks in the Americas and the Caribbean associated with congenital malformations and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults have placed public health officials in high alert and highlight the significant impact of ZIKV on human health. New technologies to study the biology of ZIKV and to develop more effective prevention options are highly desired. In this study we demonstrate that direct delivery in mice of an infectious ZIKV cDNA clone allows the rescue of recombinant (r)ZIKV in vivo. A bacterial artificial chromosome containing the sequence of ZIKV strain Paraiba/2015 under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter was complexed with a commercial transfection reagent and administrated using different routes in type-I interferon receptor deficient A129 mice. Clinical signs and death associated with ZIKV viremia were observed in mice. The rZIKV recovered from these mice remained fully virulent in a second passage in mice. Interestingly, infectious rZIKV was also recovered after intraperitoneal inoculation of the rZIKV cDNA in the absence of transfection reagent. Further expanding these studies, we demonstrate that a single intraperitoneal inoculation of a cDNA clone encoding an attenuated rZIKV was safe, highly immunogenic, and provided full protection against lethal ZIKV challenge. This novel in vivo reverse genetics method is a potentially suitable delivery platform for the study of wild-type and live-attenuated ZIKV devoid of confounding factors typical associated with in vitro systems. Moreover, our results open the possibility of employing similar in vivo reverse genetic approaches for the generation of other viruses and, therefore, change the way we will use reverse genetics in the future.

ACS Style

Gines Ávila-Pérez; Aitor Nogales; Jun-Gyu Park; Desarey Morales Vasquez; David A. Dean; Michael Barravecchia; Daniel Perez; Fernando Almazán; Luis Martínez-Sobrido. In vivo rescue of recombinant Zika virus from an infectious cDNA clone and its implications in vaccine development. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Gines Ávila-Pérez, Aitor Nogales, Jun-Gyu Park, Desarey Morales Vasquez, David A. Dean, Michael Barravecchia, Daniel Perez, Fernando Almazán, Luis Martínez-Sobrido. In vivo rescue of recombinant Zika virus from an infectious cDNA clone and its implications in vaccine development. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gines Ávila-Pérez; Aitor Nogales; Jun-Gyu Park; Desarey Morales Vasquez; David A. Dean; Michael Barravecchia; Daniel Perez; Fernando Almazán; Luis Martínez-Sobrido. 2020. "In vivo rescue of recombinant Zika virus from an infectious cDNA clone and its implications in vaccine development." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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During 2014, highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage (GsGD-HP-H5), originating from Asia, were detected in domestic poultry and wild birds in Canada and the US. These clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 viruses included reassortants possessing North American lineage gene segments; were detected in wild birds in the Pacific, Central, and Mississippi flyways; and caused the largest HP IAV outbreak in poultry in US history. To determine if an antibody response indicative of previous infection with clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 IAV could be detected in North American wild waterfowl sampled before, during, and after the 2014–15 outbreak, sera from 2,793 geese and 3,715 ducks were tested by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using both clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 and North American lineage low pathogenic (LP) H5 IAV antigens. We detected an antibody response meeting a comparative titer-based criteria (HI titer observed with 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 antigens exceeded the titer observed for LP H5 antigen by two or more dilutions) for previous infection with clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 IAV in only five birds, one Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) sampled during the outbreak and three Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and one Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) sampled during the post-outbreak period. These serologic results are consistent with the spatiotemporal extent of the outbreak in wild birds in North America during 2014 and 2015 and limited exposure of waterfowl to GsGD-HP-H5 IAV, particularly in the central and eastern US.

ACS Style

David E. Stallknecht; Clara Kienzle-Dean; Nick Davis-Fields; Christopher Jennelle; Andrew S. Bowman; Jacqueline M. Nolting; Walter M. Boyce; James M. Crum; Jefferson Santos; Justin D. Brown; Diann J. Prosser; Susan E. W. De La Cruz; Joshua T. Ackerman; Michael L. Casazza; Scott Krauss; Daniel Perez; Andrew M. Ramey; Rebecca L. Poulson. LIMITED DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO CLADE 2.3.4.4 A/GOOSE/GUANGDONG/1/1996 LINEAGE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WATERFOWL. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2020, 56, 47 .

AMA Style

David E. Stallknecht, Clara Kienzle-Dean, Nick Davis-Fields, Christopher Jennelle, Andrew S. Bowman, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Walter M. Boyce, James M. Crum, Jefferson Santos, Justin D. Brown, Diann J. Prosser, Susan E. W. De La Cruz, Joshua T. Ackerman, Michael L. Casazza, Scott Krauss, Daniel Perez, Andrew M. Ramey, Rebecca L. Poulson. LIMITED DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO CLADE 2.3.4.4 A/GOOSE/GUANGDONG/1/1996 LINEAGE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WATERFOWL. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2020; 56 (1):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David E. Stallknecht; Clara Kienzle-Dean; Nick Davis-Fields; Christopher Jennelle; Andrew S. Bowman; Jacqueline M. Nolting; Walter M. Boyce; James M. Crum; Jefferson Santos; Justin D. Brown; Diann J. Prosser; Susan E. W. De La Cruz; Joshua T. Ackerman; Michael L. Casazza; Scott Krauss; Daniel Perez; Andrew M. Ramey; Rebecca L. Poulson. 2020. "LIMITED DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO CLADE 2.3.4.4 A/GOOSE/GUANGDONG/1/1996 LINEAGE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WATERFOWL." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 56, no. 1: 47.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Of note, some strains of H9N2 viruses have been linked to zoonotic episodes of mild respiratory diseases. Because of the threat posed by H9N2 viruses to poultry and human health, these viruses are considered of pandemic concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). H9N2 IAVs continue to diversify into multiple antigenically and phylogenetically distinct lineages that can further promote the emergence of strains with pandemic potential. Somewhat neglected compared with the H5 and H7 subtypes, there are numerous indicators that H9N2 viruses could be involved directly or indirectly in the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. The goal of this work is to discuss the state of knowledge on H9N2 IAVs and to provide an update on the contemporary global situation.

ACS Style

Silvia Carnaccini; Daniel R. Perez. H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 2019, 10, a038588 .

AMA Style

Silvia Carnaccini, Daniel R. Perez. H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2019; 10 (6):a038588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Carnaccini; Daniel R. Perez. 2019. "H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 10, no. 6: a038588.