This study investigated the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, As and Cd in different tissues of E. crassipes from Honghu Lake. The total concentrations of trace elements in E. crassipes were observed in descending order: Zn (111.6162) > Cu (15.7494) > Cr (7.0466) > Pb (5.6251) > As (3.6831) > Cd (0.1941) mg/kg. The order of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) measured in E. crassipes was Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > 1, indicating that E. crassipes possessed a strong biological enrichment ability to accumulate a variety of trace elements. The translocation factor (TF) values decreased in the order of Cu > Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Cd, all of which were lower than 1, which showed that the absorption of the trace elements by E. crassipes was mainly accomplished in the roots. Moreover, the health risk assessments showed that the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of the edible parts of E. crassipes were 26.1 and 4.6 times higher than the maximum acceptable value recommended by the USEPA for adults and children of approximately 39.2- and 6.9-fold, respectively. Children were more sensitive than adults. The main trace elements that led to noncarcinogenic risks were As, Cr and Cu, while Cr and As led to carcinogenic risks. The results of the Pearson correlation showed positive correlations with the concentrations of Zn, Cr and As between E. crassipes and the water as well as negative correlations of the contents of all six trace elements between E. crassipes and the sediment.

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for water resources continues to sharply increase, which has gradually contributed to serious environmental problems. The Chinese government has proposed establishing a natural resource balance sheet, which is expected to solve this problem by assessing the value of water resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. Based on a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model, 15 indicators were chosen considering the three main aspects of resources, society, and the environment to construct a water resource evaluation indicator system. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight methods were combined to determine the index weight. Based on this, we calculated the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the values of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017 were US$2.910 billion, US$5.006 billion, US$9.223 billion, US$14.167 billion, and US$7.189 billion, respectively. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific foundation for the rational establishment of water prices, the assessment of local natural resource assets, and the preparation of natural resource balance sheets.

With the rapid development of the social economy, China is suffering from severe water scarcity due to improper management. Evaluation of water resource value is a crucial issue for innovative management in regional water resources. In this paper, in consideration of the complexity and uncertainty of water resources, 15 indicators were selected to establish the assessment system for its value in Wuhan City from the following three aspects, namely the environment, resources, and society. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method were combined to calculate the comprehensive weight. An improved set pair analysis (SPA) model was applied to evaluate water resource assets in the period of 2013–2017. For the sake of the dependability of these results, the James Pollution Loss model was utilized to compute loss of water resource value caused by the decline of water quality in the water pollution environment. The results show that the amount of water resource through physical quantitative accounting in Wuhan City fluctuates greatly. The initial change is relatively stable, then surges in 2015 and 2016, but slumps in 2017. The total water resource assets for Wuhan City from 2013 to 2017 are 14.221, 14.833, 28.375, 75.558, and 21.315 billion RMB, respectively. Therefore, water resource value accounting plays an indispensable role in the environmental protection and sustainable development of water, as well as provides a support for comprehensive calculation and management of various valuable natural resources.