A novel mitochondria-targeting molecular rotator FD was designed to visualize changes in viscosity under hypoxic conditions in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FD can be used to detect changes in the blood viscosity of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis patients, and also rehabilitation of liver disease.

Hydrazine is a substance harmful to humans and the environment, necessitating the development of a sensitive and specific detection method. Herein, a novel chemiluminescent probe based on Schaap's adamantylidene–dioxetane (CL-HZ) for detecting hydrazine was synthesized and evaluated. The probe was activated by the removal of a protecting group to form free phenoxy-dioxetane, when treated with hydrazine. It then showed a noticeable and sustainable fluorescent response without excitation, with intensity increasing 51-fold in the presence of hydrazine. CL-HZ can be used in 96-well high-throughput assays for analysis of hydrazine in polluted water samples and was successfully applied for the detection of hydrazine in living cells.