The purpose of the present study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of Turkish nursing students about pain management. The participants in this cross-sectional study were 190 nursing students who were studying at a nursing faculty in western Turkey. The research data were collected between March and June of the academic year 2015-2016, using a Student Description Form and the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP). The mean age of the students in the study sample was 23.06+-1.44 years. In all, 83.7% were female, 96.8% were unmarried, 94.7% were working as a nurse, and all had social security. The mean score of the NKASRP was 15.85+-3.25%. A comparison of the knowledge scores with student characteristics revealed that only the status of current employment as a nurse demonstrated a significant difference. No significant difference was detected between the NKASRP score and variables such as age and the score of the worst pain ever experienced (p>0.05). It was determined that the students had a generally poor level of pain knowledge. It will improve the quality of life of patients if pain management is given a greater place in undergraduate education.

Objective: The empowerment of old people is important in order for them to gain control over their own lives and to raise their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF) to old people and to the Turkish language, and to determine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: This methodological type study was conducted between 1 January and 30 March 2017 with 106 old people fitting the criteria of acceptance in the study who attended the geriatrics clinic of a university hospital. In determining validity, language equivalence, content, and predictive validity were used, while reliability was tested with temporal invariance, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and item total correlation. We examined its reliability and validity via item analyses, content validity (expert panel), confirmatory factor analyses, and construct validity (exploratory factor analyses). Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.883. The scale items were grouped under a single factor in accordance with the original. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis showed good fit signs. Conclusion: After conducting validity and reliability testing on the adaptation of the Diabetic Empowerment Scale-Short Form to old people and the Turkish language, it is was concluded that it is a reliable scale to determine the empowerment levels of old people. Based on the statistical analyses applied to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale obtained by adapting the DES-SF to old people, it was inferred that it is an instrument with high validity and reliability. The scale is a short and practical instrument to evaluate the empowerment levels of old people. The new name of the scale is the elderly empowerment scale. Cite this article as: Jahanpeyma P, Karaman E, Yildirim Y, et al. Adaptation of Diabetic Empowerment Scale-Short Form to Older Individuals and to Turkish Language: Validity and Reliability Study. Eurasian J Med 2020; 52(2): 120-5.

Inadequate health literacy is common among adults with HF. The disease management process in HF closely depends on health literacy. No questionnaire is used to assess health literacy among Turkish patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the ‘Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale’. The research is a methodological study design. The study was conducted at the cardiology clinic between May and July 2021, located in the eastern part of Türkiye. The study sample consisted of 121 patients with HF. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale. The patients’ mean age was 62.88 ± 12.55 and 66.9% were men. Based on the factor analysis, three factors with eigenvalue above 1 have been identified. These model has been determined as x² = 80.209, sd = 49 and p = 0.003. The fit indices were as follows: x²/SD = 1.637; RMSEA = 0.073, GFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.94, IFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.92 and NFI = 0.87. The scale has a total Cronbach’s alpha of 0.66. With test–retest analysis, it was determined that it had a good, positive and significant correlation in terms of both the scale and its sub-dimensions. The Turkish form of the form is a valid and reliable tool.