Understanding the effects of organic pasture management on the soil microbiome is important for sustainable forage production since soil microbiome diversity contributes to improved nutrient cycling, soil structure, plant growth, and environmental resiliency; however, the soil microbiome response to pasture management is largely unknown. This study assessed the soil microbial diversity, richness, and community structure following 10 years of pasture management (organic or non-organic) of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm in July and August from 2017–2018 and soil nutrient properties (nutrients, carbon, nitrogen, and pH) quantified and correlated with soil microbial diversity. Overall, greater soil bacterial species richness (P ≤ 0.05) occurred in organic relative to non-organic (conventional) systems. Management affected bacterial species richness (Chao1), with greater richness occurring in organic pasture soils and less richness occurring in non-organic systems (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, management affected bacterial evenness (Simpson’s index), with a more diverse community occurring in organically managed soils relative to non-organic pastures (P ≤ 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed statistically significant and biologically consistent differences in bacterial taxa in organic compared with non-organic soils. Therefore, there was a shift in bacterial community structure in organic relative to non-organic soils (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, soil nutrients (Fe, Mg, Ni, S, Al, K, Cd, and Cu), pH, C, and N were correlated with one or more dominant bacterial phyla (Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria). Overall, pasture management affected soil microbial diversity, with greater diversity occurring in organic than non-organic systems, likely owing to applications of organic poultry litter in organic systems compared to non-organic management (use of inorganic-fertilizers and herbicides). Results indicate that when pastures are converted to organic production systems, soil microbial richness and diversity may increase, thereby resulting in enhanced soil microbiome diversity and overall ecosystem services.

A total of nine strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were analyzed for ACC deaminase activity, where highest ACC deaminase activity was found in Klebsiella sp strain ECI-10A (539.1 nmol α-keto butyrate/ mg protein/ h) and lowest in Microbacterium sp strain ECI-12A (122.0 nmol α-keto butyrate/ mg protein/ h). Although Microbacterium sp strain ECI-12A showed lowest level of ACC deaminase activity, but, the species of Microbacterium isolated from rhizosphere is the first report. Microbacterium sp strain ECI-12A was also analyzed under varying conditions of time, amount of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate (ACC), and temperature for optimization of the ACC deaminase activity. The optimum activity was recorded with the supplementation of 5mM ACC at 30°C temperature after 24h of culture growth. All the nine strains showed acdS gene in the PCR amplification of that gene. No any rhizospheric Microbacterium species showing ACC deaminase activity have been reported earlier, therefore, we report here ACC deaminase activity in Microbacterium sp ECI-12A isolated from rice rhizosphere is a novel finding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i1.7921 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, 2013, Vol. 1(1): 11-15

Forage management and environmental conditions affect water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) storage, and, in turn, influence ruminant forage utilization in silvopastoral systems. The objective was to determine effects of four dependent variables: forage species [(non-native, C₃ (orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)) and native C₄ mix (8:1:1 big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx. Nash) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.))]; fertility (poultry litter and an unfertilized control); forage sampling date (mid-May, late-May, early-June, mid-June, and late-June); and hour of day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1700 h) on WSC accumulation in a silvopasture. Concentrations of WSC (g kg DM⁻¹) were greater (p ≤ 0.05) for C₃ forages, with poultry litter not impacting WSC accumulation. Overall, WSC was greatest in mid-June, with the lowest WSC concentration observed at 0800 compared to 1100, 1400, and 1700 h (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, harvesting forages later in the day resulted in greater WSC. A stepwise regression model indicated acid detergent fiber, ash, and forage P concentration were the best predictors (R₂ = 0.85, p ≤ 0.05) of forage WSC. These results may be useful in future studies aimed at explaining diurnal cattle grazing preference and optimum forage harvest timing in silvopastoral systems.

Social networking sites are more common to the young generation worldwide. Pakistan’s major population is comprised of young generation. Thus, usage of social networking sites has become the trend among the youth of Pakistan which has strong effect on the student’s performance and habits. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of social network usage on the university student’s academic performance of Lahore, Pakistan. Cross sectional survey technique has used in the current study. The self-administered questionnaire distributed to the 260 students of four universities of Lahore through convenient random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data while Chi-square (X2) analysis has performed to test the research hypotheses. The findings of the current study show that the university students of Lahore, Pakistan are using different social networking sites which has negative effect on the student’s academic performance and habits. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-4: 267-276

Recombinant technology has crucial impact in therapy development. In microbial environment, Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus produces alpha hemolysin protein. This protein is used as anticancer protein. In our study, alpha hemolysin toxin (hia) gene was isolated from S. aureus isolate. The isolate of S. aureus was isolated from blood samples of patients at Microbiology laboratory of Chlidren Mansoura Unversity Hospital. The purified PCR of hia gene of S. aureus strain was subjected to sequencing and cloning. Recombinant alpha hemolysin toxin cloning was detected by PCR, and α- hemolysin protein was purified by Sphadex. The purified α-protein was used as anticancer against HepG-2 cells (human Hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT-116 cells (human colon carcinoma), MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and A-549 cells (human Lung cancer cell line). Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 22-29