Resumo Objetivou-se identificar padrões alimentares e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, de estilo de vida, estado nutricional, perfil lipídico e inflamatório em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, utilizando dados da linha de base (2014) do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde de Adolescentes (LONCAAFS). Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos), da rede pública de João Pessoa-PB. Foram obtidos dados socioeconômicos, medidas antropométricas, estilo de vida e exames bioquímicos. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por recordatórios de 24h, sendo os padrões alimentares identificados por análise fatorial exploratória e as associações de interesse estimadas por regressão logística múltipla. Foram encontrados três padrões alimentares: “Tradicional”, “Lanches” e “Ocidental” que se associaram com idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade dos pais e estilo de vida. O padrão “Tradicional” se mostrou associado a menor adiposidade e melhor perfil lipídico, porém com a maior idade, há maior adesão aos padrões “Lanches” e “Ocidental”. Os resultados da análise do padrão alimentar de adolescentes apontam para necessidade de estratégias que incentivem comportamentos saudáveis.

Objective: To identify dietary patterns and prospectively evaluate their influence on the BMI Z-score of adolescents.Design: A longitudinal study, using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health – LONCAAFS.Setting: To obtain data on food consumption, a 24-h recall survey was conducted; a second 24-h recall was applied to 30 % of the sample in all waves. Dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis using principal components. BMI Z-score was determined according to the recommendation of the WHO, based on the BMI for age and sex. Socio-economic data, sedentary behaviour and physical activity level were obtained. Associations between BMI Z-score and dietary patterns and between BMI Z-score and variables of interest were determined using generalised estimating equations.Participants: Totally, 1431 adolescents were assessed in 2014, 1178 in 2015, 959 in 2016 and 773 in 2017, belonging to the public schools of João Pessoa, Northeast Brazil.Results: Three dietary patterns were identified throughout the study: ‘traditional’, ‘snacks’ and ‘Western’. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was positively associated with BMI Z-score (β = 0·025; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·048), regardless of sex and physical activity level, prospectively.Conclusion: A dietary pattern composed of foods with high energy density, high fat and sugars, and low fibre influences the BMI Z-score of adolescents over time.

The maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence maternal and infant outcomes. This study identified patterns of habitual dietary intake in 385 pregnant women in São Paulo and explored their associations with excessive weight gain (EGWG). Weight at the first visit ( 35 years (p = 0.03), while subjects overweight at baseline had a higher probability of EGWG (p = 0.02), suggesting that the identification of dietary and weight inadequacies should be observed from the beginning of pregnancy, accompanied by nutritional intervention and weight monitoring throughout the gestational period to reduce risks to the mother and child’s health.

O objetivo foi avaliar o indice de conicidade (Índice C) como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes e estabelecer seus pontos de corte. Estudo transversal com 774 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (55% do sexo feminino), de 10 a 14 anos de idade. O Índice C foi calculado de acordo com a fórmula proposta por Valdez, considerando as medidas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC). As alterações no perfil lipídico dos adolescentes foram definidas segundo uma das seguintes condições: elevados níveis de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (LDL), triglicerídeos e níveis baixos de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (HDL). O poder preditivo do Índice C para alterações no perfil lipídico, assim como seus pontos de corte, foi determinado por meio das curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). O Índice C foi um bom preditor para alterações lipídicas em adolescentes, com destaque para os níveis de triglicerídeos em adolescentes do sexo masculino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,67; IC95%: 0,50-0,85) e de 12 a 14 anos (ROC = 0,69; IC95%: 0,59-0,80), assim como em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,50-0,79); e LDL em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,70; IC95%: 0,59-0,80) e adolescentes do sexo masculino (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,55-0,75) e adolescentes do sexo feminino (ROC = 0,62; IC95%: 0,50-0,75) de 12 a 14 anos. Os pontos de corte do Índice C variaram de 1,12 a 1,16 entre meninos e meninas. O Índice C pode ser utilizado para predizer alterações lipídicas, bem como seus pontos de corte podem ser utilizados para triagem de adolescentes em risco de alterações no perfil lipídico.

Objectives: Investigate changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in women with and without sarcopenia-related parameters who underwent bariatric surgery (BS) during a one-year follow-up. Subjects and Methods: Women were separated into obesity (OB, n = 20) and women with obesity displaying sarcopenia-related parameters (SOP, n = 14) and evaluated before BS and 3, 6, and 12 months after BS. SOP was defined as low handgrip strength (HS) and/or low appendicular skeletal mass adjusted for weight (ASM/wt × 100, %) in the lowest quartile of the sample. ASM/wt × 100, % and HS were significantly lower in SOP than OB over a one-year follow-up of BS (p < 0.05). Results: There was a reduction in diastolic BP, heart rate (HR), SDHR, LF, and the LF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) and an increase in the HF band in both groups during the follow-up period (p < 0.05). SOP women had reduced root mean square differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD) and HF band and an increased LF band and SD2/SD1 ratio compared to the OB group during the one-year follow-up (p < 0.05). ASM/wt × 100, % was negatively associated with the LF band (r = −0.24, p = 0.00) and positively associated with the HF band (r = 0.22, p = 0.01). Conversely, HS had no association with LF (r = −0.14, p = 0.09) and HF (r = 0.11, p = 0.19). ASM/wt × 100, % and HS were negatively associated with the LF/HF ratio (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Women who underwent BS had an improved HRV over a one-year follow-up. However, the improvement in HRV variables was less pronounced in women with low muscle mass and/or HS during the follow-up period.

Background/Objectives: The study prospectively assessed the association between sleep duration and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescent students from a Brazilian capital. Methods: We observed 1431 adolescents participating in the Longitudinal Study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, dietary habits, and adolescent health, aged 10 to 14 years, in the years 2014 to 2017. The percentage of consumption of ultra-processed foods was evaluated by the Friedman test. Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) models with parameters for robust analysis were used to verify the prospective association between sleep and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Results: The percentage consumption of ultra-processed foods in relation to total daily calories increased in boys between 15 and 17 years old (31.8% in 2015 to 35.8% in 2017), being more stable among older girls (36.7% in 2015 to 37.7% in 2017), which may have occurred due to the influence of the social environment, reduced critical capacity, and lower concern for nutrition. This excessive consumption can lead to health and body composition impairments. Over time, adolescents who were in the fourth quartile of sleep had a 1.4% reduction (95% CI −2.49; −0.28) in the energy percentage from ultra-processed foods. When adjusting the initially used model in the GEE (Generalized Estimation Equation) with sociodemographic variables (income, maternal education, age) and lifestyle factors, sleep duration decreased by 2.1% (95% CI −4.09; −0.22) only in boys. The shorter duration of sleep in adolescents has been shown to be associated with unhealthy behavioral factors, such as a preference for fatty and sugary foods. There were no statistically significant associations for girls in this model. Conclusions: Sleep influences the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescents, showing that as sleep time increases, the consumption of foods classified as ultra-processed decreases.