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As part of natural products or biologically active compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles is becoming incredibly valuable. Palladium is a transition metal that is widely utilized as a catalyst to facilitate carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling; it is used in the synthesis of various heterocycles. This review includes the twelve years of successful indole synthesis using various palladium catalysts to establish carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen coupling, as well as the conditions that have been optimized.
Ayesha; Muhammad Bilal; Nasir Rasool; Samreen Gul Khan; Umer Rashid; Humaira Altaf; Imtiaz Ali. Synthesis of Indoles via Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization by Using Palladium-Based Catalysts. Catalysts 2021, 11, 1018 .
AMA StyleAyesha, Muhammad Bilal, Nasir Rasool, Samreen Gul Khan, Umer Rashid, Humaira Altaf, Imtiaz Ali. Synthesis of Indoles via Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization by Using Palladium-Based Catalysts. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (9):1018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyesha; Muhammad Bilal; Nasir Rasool; Samreen Gul Khan; Umer Rashid; Humaira Altaf; Imtiaz Ali. 2021. "Synthesis of Indoles via Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization by Using Palladium-Based Catalysts." Catalysts 11, no. 9: 1018.
During the current global public health emergency caused by novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), researchers and medical experts started working day and night to search for new technologies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully employed in the health sector for various healthcare procedures. This study comprehensively reviewed the research and development on state-of-the-art applications of artificial intelligence for combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In the process of literature retrieval, the relevant literature from citation databases including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Preprints from arXiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv was selected. Recent advances in the field of AI-based technologies are critically reviewed and summarized. Various challenges associated with the use of these technologies are highlighted and based on updated studies and critical analysis, research gaps and future recommendations are identified and discussed. The comparison between various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, the dominant AI-based technique, mostly used ML and DL methods for COVID-19 detection, diagnosis, screening, classification, drug repurposing, prediction, and forecasting, and insights about where the current research is heading are highlighted. Recent research and development in the field of artificial intelligence has greatly improved the COVID-19 screening, diagnostics, and prediction and results in better scale-up, timely response, most reliable, and efficient outcomes, and sometimes outperforms humans in certain healthcare tasks. This review article will help researchers, healthcare institutes and organizations, government officials, and policymakers with new insights into how AI can control the COVID-19 pandemic and drive more research and studies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak.
Muzammil Khan; Muhammad Taqi Mehran; Zeeshan Ul Haq; Zahid Ullah; Salman Raza Naqvi. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review. Expert Systems with Applications 2021, 185, 115695 -115695.
AMA StyleMuzammil Khan, Muhammad Taqi Mehran, Zeeshan Ul Haq, Zahid Ullah, Salman Raza Naqvi. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 185 ():115695-115695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuzammil Khan; Muhammad Taqi Mehran; Zeeshan Ul Haq; Zahid Ullah; Salman Raza Naqvi. 2021. "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review." Expert Systems with Applications 185, no. : 115695-115695.
Coffee is a globally consumed beverage that produces a substantial amount of valuable organic waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). Although SCG is a non-edible biomass, research initiatives focused on valorizing/utilizing its organic content, protecting the environment, and reducing the high oxygen demand required for its natural degradation. The integration with biorefinery in general and with pyrolysis process in specific is considerered the most successful solid waste management strategy of SCG that produce energy and high-value products. This paper aims at providing a quantitative analysis and discussion of research work done over the last 20 years on SCG as a feedstock in the circular bioeconomy (CBE). Management stratigies of SCG have been thoroughly reviewed and pyrolysis process has been explored as a novel technology in CBE. Results revealed that explored articles belong to Chemical, physical., biological and environmental science branches, with Energy & Fuels as the most reporting themes. Published works correlate SCG to renewable energy, biofuel, and bio-oil, with pyrolysis as a potential valorization approach. Literature review showed that only one study focused on the pyrolysis of defatted spent coffee grounds (DSCG). The insightful conclusions of this paper could assist in proposing several paths to more economically valorization of SCG through biorefinery, where extracted oil can be converted to biofuels or value-added goods. It was highlighted the importance of focusing on the coupling of SCG with CBE as solid waste managment strategy.
A.E. Atabani; Imtiaz Ali; Salman Raza Naqvi; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Muhammad Aslam; Eyas Mahmoud; Fares Almomani; Dagmar Juchelková; M.R. Atelge; T.M. Yunus Khan. A state-of-the-art review on spent coffee ground (SCG) pyrolysis for future biorefinery. Chemosphere 2021, 286, 131730 .
AMA StyleA.E. Atabani, Imtiaz Ali, Salman Raza Naqvi, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Muhammad Aslam, Eyas Mahmoud, Fares Almomani, Dagmar Juchelková, M.R. Atelge, T.M. Yunus Khan. A state-of-the-art review on spent coffee ground (SCG) pyrolysis for future biorefinery. Chemosphere. 2021; 286 ():131730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.E. Atabani; Imtiaz Ali; Salman Raza Naqvi; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Muhammad Aslam; Eyas Mahmoud; Fares Almomani; Dagmar Juchelková; M.R. Atelge; T.M. Yunus Khan. 2021. "A state-of-the-art review on spent coffee ground (SCG) pyrolysis for future biorefinery." Chemosphere 286, no. : 131730.
To reduce greenhouse emissions, the utilization of biomass is a proficient path for producing power and its impact on accumulative carbon footprint. Generation of power using biomass produces residue majorly in the form of ash. However, as electrical demand rises, the utilization of biomass as feedstock surges, resultantly the quantity of ash from power plants increases. Production of the ash in biomass-fired power plants arise multiple problems exclusively handling of ash and its utilization. The continuous rise in ash quantity will challenge ash-storing facilities while increasing management, transferring and disposal cost. Direct disposal to the land sites may also effects the soil nutrient and its structure. This review investigated the basic challenges in biomass ash production, environmental concerns and handling issues. Furthermore, the study explores the various opportunities in biomass ash utilization in conventional applications such as agriculture, construction, and cement industry. Moreover, the status and prospects of ash utilization in novel application such as nanotechnology in industrial catalysis and environmental applications have been well elucidated. Finally, the recommendations were also derived to pave the path for efficient utilization of biomass ash to improve the overall economy of the biomass operated power plants and sustainable development.
Muhammad Assad Munawar; Asif Hussain Khoja; Salman Raza Naqvi; Muhammad Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Hassan; Rabia Liaquat; Usama Fida Dawood. Challenges and opportunities in biomass ash management and its utilization in novel applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111451 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Assad Munawar, Asif Hussain Khoja, Salman Raza Naqvi, Muhammad Taqi Mehran, Muhammad Hassan, Rabia Liaquat, Usama Fida Dawood. Challenges and opportunities in biomass ash management and its utilization in novel applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Assad Munawar; Asif Hussain Khoja; Salman Raza Naqvi; Muhammad Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Hassan; Rabia Liaquat; Usama Fida Dawood. 2021. "Challenges and opportunities in biomass ash management and its utilization in novel applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111451.
Agro-Wastes are identified as to manufacture potential valuable organic biochar fertilizer product economically while also managing the waste. Biochar (BC) produced from agriculture waste is helps to improve the soil because of its neutral pH, addition of organic carbon to the soil and lower salt index values. This study focused on the development of nano-biochar into a more enhanced biochar product where it was checked whether the biochar derived from wheat straw can absorb nutrients and then act as support matter for releasing micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients for the plants on slow liberation basis. Wheat biochar (WBC) and wheat nano-biochar (WBNC) were synthesized by pyrolysis at two different temperatures and nutrients were fused into the WBC via impregnation technique. Physical parameters such as Proximate, Ultimate analysis & other were also studied and inspected by standard control procedures. Studies were also carried out on water retention (WR), water absorbance (WA), swelling ratio (SR) and equilibrium water content (EWC) for all samples; data was collected and compared for the better sample. Slow-release studies performed portrayed the release pattern of nutrients for prolonged periods, which are very important for the plant growth, yield and productivity. Overall, the experimental results displayed that BNC produced at 350 °C showed promising features of (SI:0.05, SR: 3.67, WA:64%, EWC:78.6%, FC:53.05% and pH:7.22), is a good substance however the nano-biochar has improved results; environmental friendly & could be utilized as a potential fertilizer on slow release for sustainable and green agriculture application.
Hamza Ahmad Khan; Salman Raza Naqvi; M. Taqi Mehran; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Bilal Khan Niazi; Dagmar Juchelková; Abdulaziz Atabani. A performance evaluation study of nano-biochar as a potential slow-release nano-fertilizer from wheat straw residue for sustainable agriculture. Chemosphere 2021, 285, 131382 .
AMA StyleHamza Ahmad Khan, Salman Raza Naqvi, M. Taqi Mehran, Asif Hussain Khoja, M. Bilal Khan Niazi, Dagmar Juchelková, Abdulaziz Atabani. A performance evaluation study of nano-biochar as a potential slow-release nano-fertilizer from wheat straw residue for sustainable agriculture. Chemosphere. 2021; 285 ():131382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamza Ahmad Khan; Salman Raza Naqvi; M. Taqi Mehran; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Bilal Khan Niazi; Dagmar Juchelková; Abdulaziz Atabani. 2021. "A performance evaluation study of nano-biochar as a potential slow-release nano-fertilizer from wheat straw residue for sustainable agriculture." Chemosphere 285, no. : 131382.
Polysulfone-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporated with silica nanoparticles are a new generation material under ongoing research and development for gas separation. However, the attributes of a better-performing MMM cannot be precisely studied under experimental conditions. Thus, it requires an atomistic scale study to elucidate the separation performance of silica/polysulfone MMMs. As most of the research work and empirical models for gas transport properties have been limited to pure gas, a computational framework for molecular simulation is required to study the mixed gas transport properties in silica/polysulfone MMMs to reflect real membrane separation. In this work, Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to study the solubility and diffusivity of CO2/CH4 with varying gas concentrations (i.e., 30% CO2/CH4, 50% CO2/CH4, and 70% CO2/CH4) and silica content (i.e., 15–30 wt.%). The accuracy of the simulated structures was validated with published literature, followed by the study of the gas transport properties at 308.15 K and 1 atm. Simulation results concluded an increase in the free volume with an increasing weight percentage of silica. It was also found that pure gas consistently exhibited higher gas transport properties when compared to mixed gas conditions. The results also showed a competitive gas transport performance for mixed gases, which is more apparent when CO2 increases. In this context, an increment in the permeation was observed for mixed gas with increasing gas concentrations (i.e., 70% CO2/CH4 > 50% CO2/CH4 > 30% CO2/CH4). The diffusivity, solubility, and permeability of the mixed gases were consistently increasing until 25 wt.%, followed by a decrease for 30 wt.% of silica. An empirical model based on a parallel resistance approach was developed by incorporating mathematical formulations for solubility and permeability. The model results were compared with simulation results to quantify the effect of mixed gas transport, which showed an 18% and 15% percentage error for the permeability and solubility, respectively, in comparison to the simulation data. This study provides a basis for future understanding of MMMs using molecular simulations and modeling techniques for mixed gas conditions that demonstrate real membrane separation.
Khadija Asif; Serene Lock; Syed Taqvi; Norwahyu Jusoh; Chung Yiin; Bridgid Chin; Adrian Loy. A Molecular Simulation Study of Silica/Polysulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Mixed Gas Separation. Polymers 2021, 13, 2199 .
AMA StyleKhadija Asif, Serene Lock, Syed Taqvi, Norwahyu Jusoh, Chung Yiin, Bridgid Chin, Adrian Loy. A Molecular Simulation Study of Silica/Polysulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Mixed Gas Separation. Polymers. 2021; 13 (13):2199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhadija Asif; Serene Lock; Syed Taqvi; Norwahyu Jusoh; Chung Yiin; Bridgid Chin; Adrian Loy. 2021. "A Molecular Simulation Study of Silica/Polysulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Mixed Gas Separation." Polymers 13, no. 13: 2199.
Future energy and environmental issues are the major driving force towards increased global utilization of biomass, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lignocellulosic residues are abundant in Pakistan. The present study investigated the best-mixed proportion of mechanically pretreated lignocellulosic residues i.e., wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS), bagasse and wheat straw (BAWS), bagasse, and rice straw (BARS), bagasse, wheat straw, and rice straw (BAWSRS) through anaerobic co-digestion. Anaerobic batch mode bioreactors comprising of lignocellulosic proportions and control bioreactors were run in parallel at mesophilic temperature (35 °C) for the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5 and 2.5. Maximum and stable biomethane production was observed at the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5, and the highest biomethane yield 339.0089123 NmLCH4/gVS was achieved by co-digestion of wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS) and lowest 15.74 NmLCH4/gVS from bagasse and rice straw (BARS) at 2.5 substrates to inoculum ratio. Furthermore, anaerobic reactor performance was determined by using bio-kinetic parameters i.e., production rate (Rm), lag phase (λ), and coefficient of determination (R2). The bio-kinetic parameters were evaluated by using kinetic models; first-order kinetics, Logistic function model, Modified Gompertz Model, and Transference function model. Among all kinetic models, the Logistic function model provided the best fit with experimental data followed by Modified Gompertz Model. The study suggests that a decrease in methane production was due to lower hydrolysis rate and higher lignin content of the co-digested substrates, and mechanical pretreatment leads to the breakage of complex lignocellulosic structure. The organic matter degradation evidence will be utilized by the biogas digesters developed in rural areas of Pakistan, where these agricultural residues are ample waste and need a technological solution to manage and produce renewable energy.
Saadia Meraj; Rabia Liaquat; Salman Raza Naqvi; Zeshan Sheikh; Atoofa Zainab; Asif Khoja; Dagmar Juchelkova; Abdulaziz Atabani. Enhanced Methane Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wheat Straw Rice Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse: A Kinetic Analysis. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6069 .
AMA StyleSaadia Meraj, Rabia Liaquat, Salman Raza Naqvi, Zeshan Sheikh, Atoofa Zainab, Asif Khoja, Dagmar Juchelkova, Abdulaziz Atabani. Enhanced Methane Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wheat Straw Rice Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse: A Kinetic Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):6069.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaadia Meraj; Rabia Liaquat; Salman Raza Naqvi; Zeshan Sheikh; Atoofa Zainab; Asif Khoja; Dagmar Juchelkova; Abdulaziz Atabani. 2021. "Enhanced Methane Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wheat Straw Rice Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse: A Kinetic Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 6069.
Pyrolysis of agricultural biomass is a promising technique for producing renewable energy and effectively managing solid waste. In this study, groundnut shell (GNS) was processed at 500 °C in an inert gas atmosphere with a gas flow rate and a heating rate of 10 mL/min and 10 °C/min, respectively, in a custom-designed fluidized bed pyrolytic-reactor. Under optimal operating conditions, the GNS-derived pyrolytic-oil yield was 62.8 wt.%, with the corresponding biochar (19.5 wt.%) and biogas yields (17.7 wt.%). The GC-MS analysis of the GNS-based bio-oil confirmed the presence of (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (18.814%), 2-Fluoroformyl-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1,2-oxazetidine (16.23%), 5,7-dimethyl-1H-Indazole (11.613%), N-methyl-N-nitropropan-2-amine (6.5%) and butyl piperidino sulfone (5.668%) as major components, which are used as building blocks in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Furthermore, a 2 × 5 × 1 artificial neural network (ANN) architecture was developed to predict the decomposition behavior of GNS at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min, while the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated using a non-isothermal model-free method. The Popescu method predicted activation energy (Ea) of GNS biomass ranging from 111 kJ/mol to 260 kJ/mol, with changes in enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) ranging from 106 to 254 kJ/mol, 162–241 kJ/mol, and −0.0937 to 0.0598 kJ/mol/K, respectively. The extraction of high-quality precursors from GNS pyrolysis was demonstrated in this study, as well as the usefulness of the ANN technique for thermogravimetric analysis of biomass.
Abdul Hai; G. Bharath; Muhammad Daud; K. Rambabu; Imtiaz Ali; Shadi W. Hasan; PauLoke Show; Fawzi Banat. Valorization of groundnut shell via pyrolysis: Product distribution, thermodynamic analysis, kinetic estimation, and artificial neural network modeling. Chemosphere 2021, 283, 131162 .
AMA StyleAbdul Hai, G. Bharath, Muhammad Daud, K. Rambabu, Imtiaz Ali, Shadi W. Hasan, PauLoke Show, Fawzi Banat. Valorization of groundnut shell via pyrolysis: Product distribution, thermodynamic analysis, kinetic estimation, and artificial neural network modeling. Chemosphere. 2021; 283 ():131162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Hai; G. Bharath; Muhammad Daud; K. Rambabu; Imtiaz Ali; Shadi W. Hasan; PauLoke Show; Fawzi Banat. 2021. "Valorization of groundnut shell via pyrolysis: Product distribution, thermodynamic analysis, kinetic estimation, and artificial neural network modeling." Chemosphere 283, no. : 131162.
Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was investigated in a fixed bed reactor for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process. Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was prepared by modified co-precipitation, followed by the hydrothermal method. The active metal Co was loaded via the wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The performance of Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 for the DRM process was investigated in a reactor with a temperature of 750 °C, a feed ratio (CO2/CH4) of 1, a catalyst loading of 0.5 g, and a feed flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The effect of support interaction with metal and the composite were studied for catalytic activity, the composite showing significantly improved results. Moreover, among the tested Co loadings, 5 wt% Co over the TiO2–MgAl2O4 composite shows the best catalytic performance. The 5%Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 improved the CH4 and CO2 conversion by up to 70% and 80%, respectively, while the selectivity of H2 and CO improved to 43% and 46.5%, respectively. The achieved H2/CO ratio of 0.9 was due to the excess amount of CO produced because of the higher conversion rate of CO2 and the surface carbon reaction with oxygen species. Furthermore, in a time on stream (TOS) test, the catalyst exhibited 75 h of stability with significant catalytic activity. Catalyst potential lies in catalyst stability and performance results, thus encouraging the further investigation and use of the catalyst for the long-run DRM process.
Arslan Mazhar; Asif Khoja; Abul Azad; Faisal Mushtaq; Salman Naqvi; Sehar Shakir; Muhammad Hassan; Rabia Liaquat; Mustafa Anwar. Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production. Energies 2021, 14, 3347 .
AMA StyleArslan Mazhar, Asif Khoja, Abul Azad, Faisal Mushtaq, Salman Naqvi, Sehar Shakir, Muhammad Hassan, Rabia Liaquat, Mustafa Anwar. Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArslan Mazhar; Asif Khoja; Abul Azad; Faisal Mushtaq; Salman Naqvi; Sehar Shakir; Muhammad Hassan; Rabia Liaquat; Mustafa Anwar. 2021. "Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production." Energies 14, no. 11: 3347.
Data-driven models for predicting fire and explosion-related properties have been improved greatly in recent years using machine-learning algorithms. However, choosing the best machine learning approach is still a challenging task. Therefore, in this study, the predictability comparisons have been made with the different machine learning methods used to model the MIT for iron dust. The MIT of iron dust was determined using the Godbert-Greenwald furnace for seventy unique combinations of dispersion pressures and dust concentrations. The data has been divided into 'Training Set' and 'Testing Set'. The implementation and efficacy of machine learning and statistical approaches have been demonstrated through real-time experimental results. The support vector machines (SVM) regression models were trained with various kernel functions to enhance the performance of the resultant model. The cubic kernel function was found suitable for training SVMs. Besides, a feed-forward artificial neural network with the backpropagation algorithm and a polynomial surface fit model have also been developed to predict the MIT. For statistical phenomena, such as MIT, predictive modelling based on real-time experimental data is critical. If an accurate estimate of the combustible dust's minimum ignition temperature is confirmed, it is possible to ensure that the temperatures of the surrounding hot surfaces do not rise to that level, preventing an explosion. An overall comparison of predictive models has been given with unseen test data set. All the trained models yielded comparable results with unseen test data set. However, the SVM model with Bayesian optimizer approach can effectively assess the risk of ignition based on dust MIT under the influence of dispersion pressure and dust cloud concentration among all the approaches adopted in this study.
Ushtar Arshad; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Azizul Buang; Ali Awad. SVM, ANN, and PSF modelling approaches for prediction of iron dust minimum ignition temperature (MIT) based on the synergistic effect of dispersion pressure and concentration. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2021, 152, 375 -390.
AMA StyleUshtar Arshad, Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Azizul Buang, Ali Awad. SVM, ANN, and PSF modelling approaches for prediction of iron dust minimum ignition temperature (MIT) based on the synergistic effect of dispersion pressure and concentration. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2021; 152 ():375-390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUshtar Arshad; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Azizul Buang; Ali Awad. 2021. "SVM, ANN, and PSF modelling approaches for prediction of iron dust minimum ignition temperature (MIT) based on the synergistic effect of dispersion pressure and concentration." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 152, no. : 375-390.
A novel genetic algorithm-based feature selection approach is incorporated and based on these features, four different ML methods were investigated. According to the findings, ML models could reliably predict bio-oil yield. The results showed that Random forest (RF) is preferred for bio-oil yield prediction (R2 ~ 0.98) and highly recommended when dealing with the complex correlation between variables and target. Multi-Linear regression model showed relatively poor generalization performance (R2 ~ 0.75). The partial dependence analysis was done for ML models to show the influence of each input variable on the target variable. Lastly, an easy-to-use software package was developed based on the RF model for the prediction of bio-oil yield. The current study offered new insights into the pyrolysis process of biomass and to improve bio-oil yield. It is an attempt to reduce the time-consuming and expensive experimental work for estimating the bio-oil yield of biomass during pyrolysis.
Zahid Ullah; Muzammil Khan; Salman Raza Naqvi; Wasif Farooq; Haiping Yang; Shurong Wang; Dai-Viet N. Vo. A comparative study of machine learning methods for bio-oil yield prediction – A genetic algorithm-based features selection. Bioresource Technology 2021, 335, 125292 .
AMA StyleZahid Ullah, Muzammil Khan, Salman Raza Naqvi, Wasif Farooq, Haiping Yang, Shurong Wang, Dai-Viet N. Vo. A comparative study of machine learning methods for bio-oil yield prediction – A genetic algorithm-based features selection. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 335 ():125292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahid Ullah; Muzammil Khan; Salman Raza Naqvi; Wasif Farooq; Haiping Yang; Shurong Wang; Dai-Viet N. Vo. 2021. "A comparative study of machine learning methods for bio-oil yield prediction – A genetic algorithm-based features selection." Bioresource Technology 335, no. : 125292.
The energy supply systems dependent on fossils and municipal solid waste (MSW) materials are primarily responsible for releasing greenhouse (GHG) gases and their related environmental hazards. The increasing amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is the scientific community's main concern in this context. Reduction in the emission amount of both gases combined with the conversion technologies that would convert these total threat gases (CO2 and CH4) into valuable feedstocks will significantly lower their hazardous impact on climate change. The conversion technique known as dry methane reforming (DMR) utilizes CO2 and CH4 to produce a combustible gas mixture (CO+H2), popularly known as synthesis gas/or syngas. Therefore, this research study aims to explore and enlighten the characteristics of the DMR mechanism. The conversion behaviour of CO2 and CH4 was studied with modelling and simulation of the DMR process using MATLAB. The results showed that inlet gas flow has a significant impact on the reactions. In contrast, the inlet molar composition ratio of the reactions was found to have no substantial effect on the mechanism of DMR. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Abrar Inayat; Muhammad A. B. Ahmad; Mohsin Raza; Chaouki Ghenai; Salman Raza Naqvi; Muhammad Ayoub. Development of Reaction Kinetics Model for the Production of Synthesis Gas from Dry Methane Reforming. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021, 16, 440 -445.
AMA StyleAbrar Inayat, Muhammad A. B. Ahmad, Mohsin Raza, Chaouki Ghenai, Salman Raza Naqvi, Muhammad Ayoub. Development of Reaction Kinetics Model for the Production of Synthesis Gas from Dry Methane Reforming. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis. 2021; 16 (2):440-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbrar Inayat; Muhammad A. B. Ahmad; Mohsin Raza; Chaouki Ghenai; Salman Raza Naqvi; Muhammad Ayoub. 2021. "Development of Reaction Kinetics Model for the Production of Synthesis Gas from Dry Methane Reforming." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2: 440-445.
The efficiency of DC microgrid needs investigation from a smart grid perspective, since their spread has expected to prevail in comparison with AC counterparts. Furthermore, there is a need to address the limitations (majorly to cater the intermittency of distributed energy resources (DERs) as well as the time dependency of systematic parameters etc.) in previous model and propose a new mathematical model to evaluate system efficiency for given parameters and scenarios. The core focus of current study aims at formulation of an improved (composite) mathematical model, that is capable of bridging issues and serve as a tool to address requirements of future DC systems including microgrids (MGs) and multi‐microgrids (MMGs). This research work offers such a mathematical model that consists of 3D matrices based on newly derived set of discrete time dependent equations, which evaluates the system efficiency of residential DC‐MMGs. Each DC‐MG is embedded with intermittent DERs, storage, components (with efficiency variations), and multi‐class load (with discrete time dependency), for evaluation across worst, normal, and best scenarios. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis across various cases and respective scenarios are also presented to evaluate overall system performance. Also, the impacts of system parameters on various system variables, states, and overall system efficiency have presented in this paper.
Hafiz Muhammad Anees; Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi; Muhammad Naqvi; Salman Raza Naqvi; Faizan Dastgeer; Hassan Erteza Gelani. A mathematical model‐based approach for DC multi‐microgrid performance evaluations considering intermittent distributed energy resources, energy storage, multiple load classes, and system components variations. Energy Science & Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHafiz Muhammad Anees, Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi, Muhammad Naqvi, Salman Raza Naqvi, Faizan Dastgeer, Hassan Erteza Gelani. A mathematical model‐based approach for DC multi‐microgrid performance evaluations considering intermittent distributed energy resources, energy storage, multiple load classes, and system components variations. Energy Science & Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Muhammad Anees; Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi; Muhammad Naqvi; Salman Raza Naqvi; Faizan Dastgeer; Hassan Erteza Gelani. 2021. "A mathematical model‐based approach for DC multi‐microgrid performance evaluations considering intermittent distributed energy resources, energy storage, multiple load classes, and system components variations." Energy Science & Engineering , no. : 1.
The performance of a multistage centrifugal compressor is highly influenced by the ambient conditions, especially during the summer seasons; their capacity shrinks and thus the power requirement for compression will increase. The prime cause of these constraints is the interstage cooling limitations. This study simulates various suction conditions of a multistage compressor on Aspen HYSYS® and suggests its debottlenecking by making the suction temperatures comparable to winter seasons. This is achieved by installing an additional exchanger at the downstream of each interstage cooler, cooling down the gas further by using absorption refrigeration chillers. These chillers are powered up by the waste heat recovered from the exhaust steam coming from the prime mover, steam turbine, of the same compressor. This modification will save a considerable amount of power (663 kW), net savings (Gross Savings – OPEX: 72 289 $/y), and reduce the carbon footprint (954 ton/y) of the overall process.
Sheikh Ehsan Ul Haq; Fahim Uddin; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Muhammad Naqvi; Salman Raza Naqvi. Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers. Energy Science & Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSheikh Ehsan Ul Haq, Fahim Uddin, Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Muhammad Naqvi, Salman Raza Naqvi. Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers. Energy Science & Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheikh Ehsan Ul Haq; Fahim Uddin; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Muhammad Naqvi; Salman Raza Naqvi. 2021. "Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers." Energy Science & Engineering , no. : 1.
Industrial activities continuously generate diverse characteristics of various types of wastes. Industrial wastes varied from various process residues, wastes from pollution, or decontamination from operations and materials resulting from activities for contaminated soil remediation, ashes, oil, acidic wastes, plastic, paper, wood, fiber, rubber, metals, and glass. The circular tools indicate a restorative and regenerative system in which the streams of materials and products take place in a circular way. Considering social pressures, major industrial enterprises perceived the need for readjusting their production chains according to circular chains, which are more sustainable and consider the generated waste. This study aims to present the factors for sustainable waste management in major industrial enterprises based on the circular economy approach. The available data of a waste company is considered, and the model of circular economy such as fault tree analysis is applied to figure out the implementation of a circular process to industrial waste, especially those of lower value that have greater difficulties in being processed. The last section will propose a framework, opportunities, challenges, and trade-offs promoting circulatory industrial waste management.
Salman Raza Naqvi; Bilal Beig; Muhammad Naqvi. Circular Economy Approach to Address the Industrial Solid Waste Management. Handbook of Solid Waste Management 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleSalman Raza Naqvi, Bilal Beig, Muhammad Naqvi. Circular Economy Approach to Address the Industrial Solid Waste Management. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalman Raza Naqvi; Bilal Beig; Muhammad Naqvi. 2021. "Circular Economy Approach to Address the Industrial Solid Waste Management." Handbook of Solid Waste Management , no. : 1-20.
Bioenergy potential of microalage Scednedesmus quadricuda through pyrolysis was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. From model-free isoconversional methods, the estimated average activation energies were 152.37 (±20.93), 174.98 (±22.38), and 153.00 (±21.23) kJ/mol, using Friedman, OFW and advance Vyazovkin methods, respectively. Avrami-Erofeev’s A1/4 reaction model was the most probable single-step reaction mechanism determined from the combined kinetic analysis. The activation energy profile, however, indicated a complex degradation process in the active pyrolysis zone. Two independent parallel reactions were considered in the active pyrolysis zone. Average activation energy for low temperature conversion was 77.95 (±3.12) kJ/mol, pre-exponential coefficient 4.86E4 (±2.24E4) s-1, and n = 1.51 (±0.10), whereas for high temperature conversion, the activation energy was 73.26 (±17.93) kJ/mol, pre-exponential coefficient 1.32E3 (±2.61E3) s-1, and n = 1.21 (±0.16). Thermodynamic analysis of pyrolysis in terms of enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy indicated the feasibility of conversion.
Sajjad Akbar Khan; Imtiaz Ali; Salman Raza Naqvi; Kai Li; M. Taqi Mehran; Asif Hussain Khoja; Abdulrahman Anwar Alarabi; A.E. Atabani. Investigation of slow pyrolysis mechanism and kinetic modeling of Scenedesmus quadricauda biomass. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2021, 158, 105149 .
AMA StyleSajjad Akbar Khan, Imtiaz Ali, Salman Raza Naqvi, Kai Li, M. Taqi Mehran, Asif Hussain Khoja, Abdulrahman Anwar Alarabi, A.E. Atabani. Investigation of slow pyrolysis mechanism and kinetic modeling of Scenedesmus quadricauda biomass. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2021; 158 ():105149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajjad Akbar Khan; Imtiaz Ali; Salman Raza Naqvi; Kai Li; M. Taqi Mehran; Asif Hussain Khoja; Abdulrahman Anwar Alarabi; A.E. Atabani. 2021. "Investigation of slow pyrolysis mechanism and kinetic modeling of Scenedesmus quadricauda biomass." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 158, no. : 105149.
This study investigated the kinetics of isothermal torrefaction of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the main byproduct of the sorghum liquor-making process. The samples chosen were torrefied isothermally at five different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Afterward, two different kinetic methods, the traditional model-free approach, and a two-step parallel reaction (TPR) kinetic model, were used to obtain the torrefaction kinetics of SDR. With the acquired 92–97% fit quality, which is the degree of similarity between calculated and real torrefaction curves, the traditional method approached using the Arrhenius equation showed a poor ability on kinetics prediction, whereas the TPR kinetic model optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm showed that all the fit qualities are as high as 99%. The results suggest that PSO can simulate the actual torrefaction kinetics more accurately than the traditional kinetics approach. Moreover, the PSO method can be further employed for simulating the weight changes of reaction intermediates throughout the process. This computational method could be used as a powerful tool for industrial design and optimization in the biochar manufacturing process.
Shih-Wei Yen; Wei-Hsin Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Chun-Fong Eng; Salman Raza Naqvi; Pau Show. Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4246 .
AMA StyleShih-Wei Yen, Wei-Hsin Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Chun-Fong Eng, Salman Raza Naqvi, Pau Show. Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih-Wei Yen; Wei-Hsin Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Chun-Fong Eng; Salman Raza Naqvi; Pau Show. 2021. "Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4246.
Energy densification of biomass is usually done by pelletizing the raw biomass and then its torrefaction to obtain clean fuel from renewable resources. The objective of this study is to compare the untorrefied and torrefied pellets of two agricultural biomass residues as cotton waste (CW) and wheat straws (WS) with the different mixing ratios i.e., 100:0, 75:25, 25:75, 50:50, 0:100, respectively. Torrefaction of the pure biomass and their blending pellets were performed at 300 °C in a tube furnace at a heating rate of 10 °C/min with a residence time of 30 min. Characterization of untorrefied pellets showed slightly increase in carbon contents and its energy contents enhancement due to densification of the biomass residue owing to pelletization. Furthermore, its blends showed higher carbon content with the addition of cotton waste. Moreover, mass and energy yield data and Van Krevelon plot showed that the torrefied pellets with high CW to WS ratio specified even more rise in carbon contents and energy value due to high rate of devolatilization of hemicelluloses in CW residue. Finally, torrefaction severity index revealed that CW dictates its high degree of degradation as compared to WS which is an indication of high rate of hydrogen and oxygen loss and resulting enhancement in carbon content. Experimental results showed increased values of carbon contents and energy contents, which shows significant synergistic effect of blending and torrefaction to produce carbon rich solid biofuel. As a result carbon contents and calorific value of blended 25% WS + 75%CW torrefied pellets increased from 41.5 % to 64.84 % and 18.322 MJ/Kg to 28.5 MJ/K g respectively, similarly energy yield and torrefaction index showed higher values of 91.67 % and 1.379 respectively compared to untorrefied pellets.
Rifat Mehdi; Naveed Raza; Salman Raza Naqvi; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Farooq; Khanh-Quang Tran. A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2021, 156, 105125 .
AMA StyleRifat Mehdi, Naveed Raza, Salman Raza Naqvi, Asif Hussain Khoja, M. Taqi Mehran, Muhammad Farooq, Khanh-Quang Tran. A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2021; 156 ():105125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRifat Mehdi; Naveed Raza; Salman Raza Naqvi; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Farooq; Khanh-Quang Tran. 2021. "A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 156, no. : 105125.
Sweetening of natural gas is a necessary process step to meet transportation and commercial standards. Amine-based solvents have been conventionally used for absorption-based removal of contaminants, like acid gas from natural gas. The process has inherent high energy penalty issues during solvent recovery and large fugitive emissions due to the solvent's low vapor pressure. Contrarily, ionic liquids (ILs) have lower solution enthalpies and vapor pressure compared to conventional alkanolamine solvents. Hence, ILs can offer an energy-saving pathway for the carbon dioxide removal. However, understanding their application at plant-wide scale is limited. This study presents an energy, exergy and economic (3 E) analysis of an ionic liquid-based process for removing carbon dioxide from natural gas in a simulated environment. Pyridinium cation-based IL is analysed as a CO2 capturing solvent and compared to the monoethanolamine (MEA) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME). Optimal operating conditions for the IL-based carbon capture are evaluated with 99% CH4 recovery and 99% CH4 purity as benchmark conditions. The energy analysis shows that 3-methyl-1-ethylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (3MEPYNTF2) ionic liquid provides 90.08% and 80.28% overall energy savings relative to MEA and DME. The exergy analysis further complements the energy analysis as 3MEPYNTF2 is energy proficient with overall anergy of 13.3 MW, while MEA and DME gives a higher value of 57.45 and 30.98 MW, respectively. Furthermore, economic analysis indicates that at average, 3MEPYNTF2 offers savings in overall capital (65.86%), operating costs (81.09%), and total annualized costs (78.33%) compared to MEA and DME. The 3 E analysis suggests that pyridinium cation based ILs are a potential replacement for amine-based high pressure natural gas sweetening processes.
Bilal Kazmi; Faizan Raza; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Zahoor Ul Hussain Awan; Syed Imran Ali; Humbul Suleman. Energy, exergy and economic (3E) evaluation of CO2 capture from natural gas using pyridinium functionalized ionic liquids: A simulation study. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 2021, 90, 103951 .
AMA StyleBilal Kazmi, Faizan Raza, Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Zahoor Ul Hussain Awan, Syed Imran Ali, Humbul Suleman. Energy, exergy and economic (3E) evaluation of CO2 capture from natural gas using pyridinium functionalized ionic liquids: A simulation study. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2021; 90 ():103951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBilal Kazmi; Faizan Raza; Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi; Zahoor Ul Hussain Awan; Syed Imran Ali; Humbul Suleman. 2021. "Energy, exergy and economic (3E) evaluation of CO2 capture from natural gas using pyridinium functionalized ionic liquids: A simulation study." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 90, no. : 103951.
Hydrogen (H2) is considered as a zero-emission fuel when produced through biomass pyrolysis. The objective of this review article is to analyze the potential of the pyrolysis process in terms of H2 yield, the maturity of technology, current challenges, future perspective, and its commercialization potential. This review article has three folds. Firstly, a comprehensive overview of the technical state-of-the-art analysis of biohydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis process is presented. Secondly, the technical and critical review of both the conventional fast and slow pyrolysis for H2 production from the viewpoint of mechanisms, catalysts, reactors, and process parameters is provided. Thirdly, the technical readiness level for bio-oil, char, and H2 production is presented. Finaly, challenges and future prospectives are highlighted for further research for researchers and the networking of stakeholders for commercialization to guide policymakers, investors, and commercial enterprises.
Wei-Hsin Chen; Wasif Farooq; Muhammad Shahbaz; Salman Raza Naqvi; Imtiaz Ali; Tareq Al-Ansari; Nor Aishah Saidina Amin. Current status of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass, technical challenges and commercial potential through pyrolysis process. Energy 2021, 226, 1 -15.
AMA StyleWei-Hsin Chen, Wasif Farooq, Muhammad Shahbaz, Salman Raza Naqvi, Imtiaz Ali, Tareq Al-Ansari, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin. Current status of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass, technical challenges and commercial potential through pyrolysis process. Energy. 2021; 226 (120433):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Hsin Chen; Wasif Farooq; Muhammad Shahbaz; Salman Raza Naqvi; Imtiaz Ali; Tareq Al-Ansari; Nor Aishah Saidina Amin. 2021. "Current status of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass, technical challenges and commercial potential through pyrolysis process." Energy 226, no. 120433: 1-15.