Epalrestat, a drug for diabetic neuropathy, was able to form a cocrystal with a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer of caffeine. The cocrystal was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, and the structure was determined using single crystal structure analysis. Pharmaceutically relevant physicochemical properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, and physical stability were evaluated. The cocrystal exhibited higher solubility and faster dissolution than the parent drug material. This improvement corresponded to the formation of a layered structure in the cocrystal, wherein a chain consisting of epalrestat molecules is sandwiched between caffeine molecules. The cocrystal also exhibited physical stability during a slurry experiment in most organic solvents, except in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents. In these solvents, the cocrystals underwent disproportionation into caffeine and epalrestat solvates (DMF and DMSO), and the crystal structures of epalerstat DMF and DMSO solvates are also reported in this study.

Salt cocrystallisation method successfully suppressed hydration and lowered the dissolution rate of the pharmaceutical salt crystals.

This study aimed to collect the crystallographic data of ethyl diclofenac and discover a cocrystal from this ester with its parent, diclofenac acid, and to investigate their physicochemical properties and anti-inflammation activity. Firstly, ethyl diclofenac single crystal was isolated and continued by the cocrystal screening and isolation. Solid characterization was conducted by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry, followed by structural determination using a single crystal x-ray diffractometer. The stability of the cocrystal toward heating and high humidity, followed by the anti-inflammatory activity, was also studied. Ethyl diclofenac and the cocrystal were successfully isolated and subsequently subjected to lattice system determination. Interestingly, the new cocrystal can be generated directly by Fischer equilibrium reaction during esterification of diclofenac acid. Structurally, ethyl diclofenac reveals a P21/c monoclinic and the cocrystal between this ester with its parent drug is a P-1 triclinic system. A hydrophobic interaction -C-Cl-, which is rarely found in a cocrystal, involved in the molecular interaction between ethyl diclofenac and the parent drug, besides the hydrogen bonds. The newly isolated cocrystal has a melting point ±103-104 °C, which is higher than that of ethyl diclofenac (±67.5 °C) but lower than that of diclofenac acid (±173 °C). Hence, this cocrystal is stable towards accelerated stability testing by heating in a microwave, as well as storing in high relative humidity. Moreover, the anti-inflammation test also showed promising activity improvement.