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Digital Twins are very promising to bring smart farming to new levels of farming productivity and sustainability. A Digital Twin is a digital equivalent of a real-life object of which it mirrors its behaviour and states over its lifetime in a virtual space. Using Digital Twins as a central means for farm management enables the decoupling of physical flows from its planning and control. As a consequence, farmers can manage operations remotely based on (near) real-time digital information instead of having to rely on direct observation and manual tasks on-site. This allows them to act immediately in case of (expected) deviations and to simulate effects of interventions based on real-life data. This paper analyses how Digital Twins can advance smart farming. It defines the concept, develops a typology of different types of Digital Twins, and proposes a conceptual framework for designing and implementing Digital Twins. The framework comprises a control model based on a general systems approach and an implementation model for Digital Twin systems based on the Internet of Things—Architecture (IoT-A), a reference architecture for IoT systems. The framework is applied to and validated in five smart farming use cases of the European IoF2020 project, focussing on arable farming, dairy farming, greenhouse horticulture, organic vegetable farming and livestock farming.
Cor Verdouw; Bedir Tekinerdogan; Adrie Beulens; Sjaak Wolfert. Digital twins in smart farming. Agricultural Systems 2021, 189, 103046 .
AMA StyleCor Verdouw, Bedir Tekinerdogan, Adrie Beulens, Sjaak Wolfert. Digital twins in smart farming. Agricultural Systems. 2021; 189 ():103046.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCor Verdouw; Bedir Tekinerdogan; Adrie Beulens; Sjaak Wolfert. 2021. "Digital twins in smart farming." Agricultural Systems 189, no. : 103046.
A digital twin is a digital replica of a physical entity to which it is remotely connected. A digital twin can provide a rich representation of the corresponding physical entity and enables sophisticated control for various purposes. Although the concept of the digital twin is largely known, designing digital twins based systems has not yet been fully explored. In practice, digital twins can be applied in different ways leading to different architectural designs. To guide the architecture design process, we provide a pattern-oriented approach for architecting digital twin-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems. To this end, we propose a catalog of digital twin architecture design patterns that can be reused in the broad context of systems engineering. The patterns are described using the well-known documentation template and support the various phases in the systems engineering life cycle process. For illustrating the application of digital twin patterns, we adopt a case study in the agriculture and food domain.
Bedir Tekinerdogan; Cor Verdouw. Systems Architecture Design Pattern Catalogfor Developing Digital Twins. Sensors 2020, 20, 5103 .
AMA StyleBedir Tekinerdogan, Cor Verdouw. Systems Architecture Design Pattern Catalogfor Developing Digital Twins. Sensors. 2020; 20 (18):5103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBedir Tekinerdogan; Cor Verdouw. 2020. "Systems Architecture Design Pattern Catalogfor Developing Digital Twins." Sensors 20, no. 18: 5103.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to be a real game changer in food and farming. However, an important challenge for large-scale uptake of IoT is to deal with the huge heterogeneity of this domain. This paper develops and applies an architecture framework for modelling IoT-based systems in the agriculture and food domain. The framework comprises a coherent set of architectural viewpoints and a guideline to use these viewpoints to model architectures of individual IoT-based systems. The framework is validated in a multiple case study of the European IoF2020 project, including different agricultural sub sectors, conventional and organic farming, early adopters and early majority farmers, and different supply chain roles. The framework provides a valuable help to model, in a timely, punctual and coherent way, the architecture of IoT-based systems of this diverse set of use cases. Moreover, it serves as a common language for aligning system architectures and enabling reuse of architectural knowledge among multiple autonomous IoT-based systems in agriculture and food.
Cor Verdouw; Harald Sundmaeker; Bedir Tekinerdogan; Davide Conzon; Teodoro Montanaro. Architecture framework of IoT-based food and farm systems: A multiple case study. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2019, 165, 104939 .
AMA StyleCor Verdouw, Harald Sundmaeker, Bedir Tekinerdogan, Davide Conzon, Teodoro Montanaro. Architecture framework of IoT-based food and farm systems: A multiple case study. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2019; 165 ():104939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCor Verdouw; Harald Sundmaeker; Bedir Tekinerdogan; Davide Conzon; Teodoro Montanaro. 2019. "Architecture framework of IoT-based food and farm systems: A multiple case study." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 165, no. : 104939.
H. Scholten; C.N. Verdouw; A. Beulens; J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. Defining and Analyzing Traceability Systems in Food Supply Chains. Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies 2016, 9 -33.
AMA StyleH. Scholten, C.N. Verdouw, A. Beulens, J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. Defining and Analyzing Traceability Systems in Food Supply Chains. Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies. 2016; ():9-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Scholten; C.N. Verdouw; A. Beulens; J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. 2016. "Defining and Analyzing Traceability Systems in Food Supply Chains." Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies , no. : 9-33.
R.S. Ossevoort; C.N. Verdouw; P.F. De Jong; W.H.G.J. Hennen; R.M. Robbemond; Ppo Bbf Team Randwijk. Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap. Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleR.S. Ossevoort, C.N. Verdouw, P.F. De Jong, W.H.G.J. Hennen, R.M. Robbemond, Ppo Bbf Team Randwijk. Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap. Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.S. Ossevoort; C.N. Verdouw; P.F. De Jong; W.H.G.J. Hennen; R.M. Robbemond; Ppo Bbf Team Randwijk. 2016. "Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap." Fruit 4.0: de vruchten van meer technologie : technologie-roadmap , no. : 1.
Logistics in the food and agribusiness industry must address perishable products, unpredictable supply variations and stringent food safety and sustainability requirements. The Internet of Things (IoT) could contribute significantly to solve these challenges because it allows for remotely controlling the location and conditions of shipments and products. This paper develops a reference architecture for IoT-based logistic information systems in agri-food supply chains. It proposes a hybrid solution that combines the IoT and cloud computing. The architecture supports the provision of affordable tailor-made solutions by utilising technology enablers of the European Future Internet programme and by facilitating the reuse of domain-specific functionalities.
C.N. Verdouw; R.M. Robbemond; T. Verwaart; J. Wolfert; A.J.M. Beulens. A reference architecture for IoT-based logistic information systems in agri-food supply chains. Enterprise Information Systems 2015, 12, 755 -779.
AMA StyleC.N. Verdouw, R.M. Robbemond, T. Verwaart, J. Wolfert, A.J.M. Beulens. A reference architecture for IoT-based logistic information systems in agri-food supply chains. Enterprise Information Systems. 2015; 12 (7):755-779.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.N. Verdouw; R.M. Robbemond; T. Verwaart; J. Wolfert; A.J.M. Beulens. 2015. "A reference architecture for IoT-based logistic information systems in agri-food supply chains." Enterprise Information Systems 12, no. 7: 755-779.
Krijn J. Poppe; Sjaak Wolfert; Cor Verdouw; Tim Verwaart. Information and Communication Technology as a Driver for Change in Agri-food Chains. EuroChoices 2013, 12, 60 -65.
AMA StyleKrijn J. Poppe, Sjaak Wolfert, Cor Verdouw, Tim Verwaart. Information and Communication Technology as a Driver for Change in Agri-food Chains. EuroChoices. 2013; 12 (1):60-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrijn J. Poppe; Sjaak Wolfert; Cor Verdouw; Tim Verwaart. 2013. "Information and Communication Technology as a Driver for Change in Agri-food Chains." EuroChoices 12, no. 1: 60-65.
The food and agribusiness is an important sector in European logistics with a share in the EU road transport of about 20 %. One of the main logistic challenges in this sector is to deal with the high dynamics and uncertainty in supply and demand. This paper defines requirements on Future Internet (FI) technologies that have to be met to accomplish the specific challenges of agri-food logistics. It identifies a set of generic technical enablers as input for the realisation of a FI core platform. This technology foundation is to be developed and tested in a Future Internet public–private partnership (FI-PPP) environment of over 150 organisations.
C. N. Verdouw; Harald Sundmaeker; F. Meyer; J. Wolfert; J. Verhoosel. Smart Agri-Food Logistics: Requirements for the Future Internet. Optimization and Decision Support Systems for Supply Chains 2013, 247 -257.
AMA StyleC. N. Verdouw, Harald Sundmaeker, F. Meyer, J. Wolfert, J. Verhoosel. Smart Agri-Food Logistics: Requirements for the Future Internet. Optimization and Decision Support Systems for Supply Chains. 2013; ():247-257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. N. Verdouw; Harald Sundmaeker; F. Meyer; J. Wolfert; J. Verhoosel. 2013. "Smart Agri-Food Logistics: Requirements for the Future Internet." Optimization and Decision Support Systems for Supply Chains , no. : 247-257.
Agile Information Systems for Mastering Supply Chain Uncertainty | InTechOpen, Published on: 2011-08-29. Authors: C.N. Verdouw, A.J.M. Beulens, T. Verwaart, et
C.N. Verdouw; Adrie J M Beulens; Tim Verwaart; T. Verwaart And J. Wolfert. Agile Information Systems for Mastering Supply Chain Uncertainty. Supply Chain Management - New Perspectives 2011, 1 .
AMA StyleC.N. Verdouw, Adrie J M Beulens, Tim Verwaart, T. Verwaart And J. Wolfert. Agile Information Systems for Mastering Supply Chain Uncertainty. Supply Chain Management - New Perspectives. 2011; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.N. Verdouw; Adrie J M Beulens; Tim Verwaart; T. Verwaart And J. Wolfert. 2011. "Agile Information Systems for Mastering Supply Chain Uncertainty." Supply Chain Management - New Perspectives , no. : 1.
Demand-driven supply chains are highly dynamic networks of different participants with different allocations of business processes and different modes of control and coordination. Companies must be able to take part in multiple supply chain configurations concurrently and to switch rapidly to new or adjusted configurations. This imposes stringent demands on information systems and requires a modelling approach that (1) combines high-level models for supply chain design with detailed models for engineering the accompanying information systems and (2) enables rapid instantiation of specific supply chain configurations from a repository of standard building blocks. This article designs a process modelling framework that enhances such an approach. Building on the terminology and process definitions provided by the Supply Chain Operations Reference model, it models supply chain configurations as specific sets of transformations, control systems and coordination mechanisms. The designed modelling framework is applied in a case study in the Dutch flower industry.
C.N. Verdouw; A.J.M. Beulens; J.H. Trienekens; J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. A framework for modelling business processes in demand-driven supply chains. Production Planning & Control 2010, 22, 365 -388.
AMA StyleC.N. Verdouw, A.J.M. Beulens, J.H. Trienekens, J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. A framework for modelling business processes in demand-driven supply chains. Production Planning & Control. 2010; 22 (4):365-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.N. Verdouw; A.J.M. Beulens; J.H. Trienekens; J.G.A.J. Van Der Vorst. 2010. "A framework for modelling business processes in demand-driven supply chains." Production Planning & Control 22, no. 4: 365-388.
The growing importance of health in consumption is expected to result in a significant increase of European fruit demand. However, the current fruit supply does not yet sufficiently meet demand requirements. This urges fruit supply chains to become more demand-driven, that is, able to continuously match supply capabilities to changing demand requirements. Realisation of such dynamic supply chains requires the design of customised supply chain configurations and subsequently the engineering of enabling information systems. Reference process models can be valuable means to support this. Based on a case study in four European countries, this paper presents a reference model for designing business processes in demand-driven fruit supply chains. The model consists of a reference modelling framework and an application of the framework to fruit supply chains. The framework defines process models at different levels of abstraction and includes a method of how they can be composed from a repository of building blocks. The applied model comprises a definition of the model building blocks in fruit supply chains and a set of pre-configure models (templates). Together, they combine fruit-specific knowledge with the reuse of generic knowledge as captured in cross-industry standards. The developed reference model bridges the gap between supply chain design and information systems engineering by providing a consistent set of process models that are on the one hand understandable for business managers and on the other hand serve as a basis for information system implementation.
C.N. Verdouw; A.J.M. Beulens; J.H. Trienekens; J. Wolfert. Process modelling in demand-driven supply chains: A reference model for the fruit industry. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2010, 73, 174 -187.
AMA StyleC.N. Verdouw, A.J.M. Beulens, J.H. Trienekens, J. Wolfert. Process modelling in demand-driven supply chains: A reference model for the fruit industry. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2010; 73 (2):174-187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.N. Verdouw; A.J.M. Beulens; J.H. Trienekens; J. Wolfert. 2010. "Process modelling in demand-driven supply chains: A reference model for the fruit industry." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 73, no. 2: 174-187.
The key challenge for mastering high uncertainty of both demand and supply is to attune products and business processes in the entire supply chain continuously to customer requirements. Product configurators have proven to be powerful tools for managing demand uncertainty. This paper assesses how configurators can be used for combined product and process configuration in order to support mastering high uncertainty of both supply and demand. It defines the dependence between product and process configuration in a typology of interdependencies. The addressed dependences go beyond the definition phase and also include the effects of unforeseen backend events during configuration and execution. Based on a case study in the Dutch flower industry, a conceptual architecture is proposed for coordination of these interdependencies and development strategies are identified.
C. N. Verdouw; A. J.M. Beulens; J. H. Trienekens; T. Verwaart. Mastering demand and supply uncertainty with combined product and process configuration. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 2010, 23, 515 -528.
AMA StyleC. N. Verdouw, A. J.M. Beulens, J. H. Trienekens, T. Verwaart. Mastering demand and supply uncertainty with combined product and process configuration. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2010; 23 (6):515-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. N. Verdouw; A. J.M. Beulens; J. H. Trienekens; T. Verwaart. 2010. "Mastering demand and supply uncertainty with combined product and process configuration." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 23, no. 6: 515-528.
Agri-food enterprises operate in a complex and dynamic environment. To meet increasing demands of consumers, government and business partners, enterprises continuously have to work on innovations of products, processes and ways of cooperation in agri-food supply chain networks (AFSCN). Hence, a development towards a more knowledge-based economy is needed. The Lisbon strategy, launched by the European Union, to attain this knowledge-based economy, has failed so far. This paper argues that information sharing and organizing ICT are main critical areas to overcome this deadlock. However, ICT development in AFSCN involves an information integration task that has to deal with technical and organizational requirements and starts with an existing installed base. Traditional software engineering approaches are inadequate to address these issues. This paper provides an overall method for analysis, design and implementation of information integration, taking technical as well as organizational development into account. The method was derived from experiences in a research and development program in the Dutch arable farming sector. A generic integration framework forms the backbone of the method to ensure systematic and sustainable ICT development. Business process management (BPM), in combination with reference information models, plays an important role. The technical architecture and infrastructure are based on a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Attention is paid to the organizational infrastructure that is needed to embed the results in the right context, so that they will be broadly supported and used. The method is divided into three phases: analysis, basic design and iterative implementation. Analysis of the current situation in AFSCN is supported by an information integration framework. The basic design is a first version of the generic integration framework. In the iterative implementation phase, pilot projects are guided by this basic design, which results in incremental growth of the framework. The pilot projects follow a Living Lab (LL) approach. LLs represent a user-centric, open innovation approach for sensing, prototyping, validating and refining complex solutions in multiple and evolving real life contexts. The method is illustrated by an application to the Dutch arable farming sector. It can be concluded that the contribution of the presented method lies in combining different methodologies into a design approach for information integration, based on a sound architecture. The presented method leads to ICT that follows the business processes in real life and thus enhances appropriate information sharing to support a knowledge-based economy.
J. Wolfert; C.N. Verdouw; C.M. Verloop; A.J.M. Beulens. Organizing information integration in agri-food—A method based on a service-oriented architecture and living lab approach. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2010, 70, 389 -405.
AMA StyleJ. Wolfert, C.N. Verdouw, C.M. Verloop, A.J.M. Beulens. Organizing information integration in agri-food—A method based on a service-oriented architecture and living lab approach. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2010; 70 (2):389-405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Wolfert; C.N. Verdouw; C.M. Verloop; A.J.M. Beulens. 2010. "Organizing information integration in agri-food—A method based on a service-oriented architecture and living lab approach." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 70, no. 2: 389-405.