Informal settlements have become one of the most important issues facing urban areas in Indonesia. The emergence of informal settlements, called ‘kampungs’, in Jakarta has accompanied the rapid urbanization, and it has become more serious in recent decades. This paper evaluates the urban status of informal settlements in Jakarta. The methods used include a comparative analysis of three case studies in North Jakarta: A. Kampung Bandan; B. Kampung Luar Batang; and C. Kampung Muara Baru. This paper founds that upgrading these settlements must be in accordance with a comprehensive plan that includes priority improvements. The paper proposes integrating the local community into informal area improvement processes because they are aware of their actual needs.

Informal learning spaces (ILS) offer unique opportunities for students to interact and develop skills in a more social, resilient, and sustainable environment. However, there is a lack of a definitive typology for ILS and related design factors and outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the typology of ILS in academic education, including relevant design factors and positive outcomes from architectural and urban planning perspectives. A systematic literature review was conducted on articles published between 2004 and 2024 from four databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Emerald Insights, and IEEE Xplore. The included articles are in English and based on empirical data published in peer-reviewed journals, focusing on informal learning and its settings. A total of 37 full-text articles were included in the descriptive review, from which two categories and six types were identified: private indoor quiet space, semi-private/semi-public indoor space, public indoor space, public sustainable space, public outdoor space, and comprehensive space. The results also revealed seven categories of factors affecting these types of ILS: personal aspects, spatial design, physical settings, resources, social aspects, natural environment, and perceived environment. Furthermore, these ILS significantly contributed to five categories of positive outcomes: learning efficacy, socialisation, refreshment and relaxation, health outcomes, and sustainable development. Therefore, this SLR significantly contributed to the definition and typology of ILS in sustainable higher education.

This data article contains the urban features of three informal settlements in Jakarta: A. Kampung Bandan; B. Kampung Luar Batang; And C. Kampung Muara Baru. The data describes the urban features of physical structures, infrastructures, and public services. These data include maps showing locations of these settlements, photography of urban status, and examples of urban fabric. The data are obtained from the statistical records and field surveys of three settlements cases.

This paper discusses the street's function as an urban space in a society's life and viability. Riyadh is one of the major capitals whose urban fabric has been affected by rapid urbanization and population growth. The enormous urban expansion had negative effects on the human dimension as the streets became more devoted to transportation rather than an integrated urban space. The local municipalities in Riyadh made efforts to restore the human dimension to the streets by developing urban spaces and the built environment. However, these efforts did not provide a strategy for creating livable streets because they were built on individual initiatives. This paper aims to investigates the physical aspects of Riyadh streetscapes and define their influences on the livability and quality of spaces. This paper adopts descriptive analysis of two streets developed to be pedestrian friendly; namely Tahlia Street and Tabuk Street in Riyadh. The research data were obtained through field survey, interview and observation. Moreover, in-depth analysis of a several government reports from The Royal Commission for the Development of Riyadh and the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. The results show that Tahlia Street has wide physical aspects compared to Tabuk Street, which made it more vital. However, both streets lack some street furniture to protect pedestrians from weather conditions. Finally, the paper proposes to develop the current conditions of physical characteristics of street scenes and enhance living and quality in the streets of Riyadh.

Nearby natural environments on campus grounds have become imperative in enhancing sustainable academic experiences by facilitating sustainable social learning. However, tropical region campuses prioritise traditional education while neglecting sustainable social learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to facilitate the use of nearby sustainable pocket settings on campus grounds to enhance social learning experiences. The present study aimed to identify factors affecting social learning experiences in nearby (sustainable) pocket spaces on tropical campuses. It utilised a verbal questionnaire survey conducted in three research universities in Malaysia to investigate the factors affecting 408 respondents in nearby (sustainable) pockets. The respondents were selected using stratified judgemental sampling. This study’s findings revealed that many influencing factors predicted the social learning experience in tropical universities’ nearby pockets, which were arranged into four domain factors: elements and activities, natural environment factors, perceived environment factors, and social factors. This provided a proven correlation between the lack of social learning in nearby pockets and the factors of these sustainable settings. The findings also showed that students’ demographic factors, including education status and university affiliation, influenced their social learning experience. The present study significantly linked education to sustainability by integrating social learning into nearby sustainable pocket settings.

Despite efforts to solve the housing crisis in Saudi Arabia, there are still many challenges related to providing affordable housing due to the high cost of production. Cooperative housing is an approach that achieves the principle of affordable housing through collective effort and effective management. However, activating sustainable cooperative housing production is a process that involves reforming the entire housing system, including policies, subsidies, management, and financing. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to activate cooperative housing production in Saudi Arabia so as to achieve affordable housing. The research methodology relies on a theoretical approach to identify the relationship between cooperative housing and urban systems so as to determine the factors of cooperative production, including housing policies, management, subsidies, and financing, within a participatory framework. This study focuses on monitoring the situation of cooperative housing and local housing challenges using theoretical concepts, indicators, and international experiences. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for the production of cooperative housing that effectively affects the Saudi housing market and is compatible with the needs of people with low incomes.