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Maria Cecilia D. Galvez
ARCHERS, CENSER, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines

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Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal
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ACS Style

Maria Cecilia Galvez; Daniel Paulo Tipan; Angelo Ashtin Valera; Edgar Vallar; Alma Nacua. Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and PM2.5 Measurement at Three Urban Parks in Manila, Philippines using Portable Sensors. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 2020, 5, 1027 -1032.

AMA Style

Maria Cecilia Galvez, Daniel Paulo Tipan, Angelo Ashtin Valera, Edgar Vallar, Alma Nacua. Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and PM2.5 Measurement at Three Urban Parks in Manila, Philippines using Portable Sensors. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal. 2020; 5 (6):1027-1032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cecilia Galvez; Daniel Paulo Tipan; Angelo Ashtin Valera; Edgar Vallar; Alma Nacua. 2020. "Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and PM2.5 Measurement at Three Urban Parks in Manila, Philippines using Portable Sensors." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 5, no. 6: 1027-1032.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2019 in Atmosphere
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Poor air quality has been identified as one of the main risks to human health, especially in developing regions, where the information on physical chemical properties of air pollutants is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted an intensive measurement campaign in Manila, Philippines to determine the emission factors (EFs) of particle number (PN) and equivalent black carbon (BC). The focus was on public utility jeepneys (PUJ), equipped with old technology diesel engines, widely used for public transportation. The EFs were determined by aerosol physical measurements, fleet information, and modeled dilution using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). The results show that average vehicle EFs of PN and BC in Manila is up to two orders of magnitude higher than European emission standards. Furthermore, a PUJ emits up to seven times more than a light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and contribute to more than 60% of BC emission in Manila. Unfortunately, traffic restrictions for heavy-duty vehicles do not apply to PUJs. The results presented in this work provide a framework to help support targeted traffic interventions to improve urban air quality not only in Manila, but also in other countries with a similar fleet composed of old-technology vehicles.

ACS Style

Leizel Madueño; Simonas Kecorius; Wolfram Birmili; Thomas Müller; James Simpas; Edgar Vallar; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Mylene Cayetano; Alfred Wiedensohler. Aerosol Particle and Black Carbon Emission Factors of Vehicular Fleet in Manila, Philippines. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 603 .

AMA Style

Leizel Madueño, Simonas Kecorius, Wolfram Birmili, Thomas Müller, James Simpas, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Mylene Cayetano, Alfred Wiedensohler. Aerosol Particle and Black Carbon Emission Factors of Vehicular Fleet in Manila, Philippines. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (10):603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leizel Madueño; Simonas Kecorius; Wolfram Birmili; Thomas Müller; James Simpas; Edgar Vallar; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Mylene Cayetano; Alfred Wiedensohler. 2019. "Aerosol Particle and Black Carbon Emission Factors of Vehicular Fleet in Manila, Philippines." Atmosphere 10, no. 10: 603.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Environments
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The effect of urbanization of Metro Manila, particularly on the amount of sensible heat flux, rainfall and temperature of selected urban and rural areas, was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Version 3.4.1 (WRFV3.4.1) model. National Center for Environmental Prediction - Final (NCEP-FNL) grib1 data from 2000 to 2010 were used as inputs into the model for meteorological data. The Mann–Kendall trend test (M–K test) was utilized to verify the significance of the trends while Sen’s slope estimator was used to quantify the measured trends. Results showed that, on average, the sensible heat flux of Metro Manila is about 1.5 × 108 Jm−2 higher than in selected areas outside Metro Manila. The occurrence of an urban heat island (UHI) effect was detected in Metro Manila by comparing the difference in the minimum and maximum temperatures. For the selected urban and rural areas, the minimum and maximum temperature differences (relative to Metro Manila) are around 0.4 to 2.4 °C and 0.83 to 2.3 °C, respectively. Metro Manila recorded higher 11-year average values of rainfall during the summer season (8% to 64%), rainy season (15% to 305%), and transition season (8% to 232%) when compared with selected areas from 25 to 100 km from Manila. These results show that the sensible heat flux, temperature and rainfall in Metro Manila is affected by Metro Manila’s urbanization.

ACS Style

Jervie M. Oliveros; Edgar A. Vallar; Maria Cecilia D. Galvez. Investigating the Effect of Urbanization on Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model: A Case of Metro Manila, Philippines. Environments 2019, 6, 10 .

AMA Style

Jervie M. Oliveros, Edgar A. Vallar, Maria Cecilia D. Galvez. Investigating the Effect of Urbanization on Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model: A Case of Metro Manila, Philippines. Environments. 2019; 6 (2):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jervie M. Oliveros; Edgar A. Vallar; Maria Cecilia D. Galvez. 2019. "Investigating the Effect of Urbanization on Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model: A Case of Metro Manila, Philippines." Environments 6, no. 2: 10.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2018 in International Journal of Educational Management
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the disparities in social awareness and use of the internet between urban and rural school children in the North of Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach A total of 525 pupils, aged 9-11 years old, randomly selected from seven urban and rural schools, who are internet users, participated in the study and consented to responding to a questionnaire adapted from an equivalent European Union study. A comparative statistical analysis of the responses was then carried out, using IBM SPSS v21, which consisted of a descriptive analysis, an identification of personal self-development opportunities, as well as issues related to pupils’ digital prowess and knowledge of internet use and internet safety, including parental engagement in their offspring’s online activities. Findings The study highlights the fact that children from both the urban and rural regions of the North of Vietnam mostly access the internet from home, but with more children in the urbanized areas accessing it at school than their rural counterparts. Although children from the rural areas scored lower on all the internet indicators, such as digital access and online personal experience and awareness, there was no disparity in awareness of internet risks between the two sub-samples. It is noteworthy that there was no statistically significant gender difference towards online activities that support self-development. In relation to safe internet usage, children are likely to seek advice from their parents, rather than through teachers or friends. However, they are not yet provided with an effective safety net while exposing themselves to the digital world. Originality/value Although the Vietnamese national curriculum on the computer science subject does not explicitly cover the use of the internet and its related aspects, the majority of children who took part in this study claimed to have used the internet in their learning activities. This emphasises the urgent need for the Ministry of Education and educators in the country to not only improve information and communication technology facilities in schools, but also to revise the computer science curriculum in order to provide a supportive environment for learning development and collectively advocate the dynamics of internet use in order to ensure safe access and use by the children.

ACS Style

Quynh Nguyen; Raouf N.G. Naguib; Ashish K. Das; Michail Papathomas; Edgar A. Vallar; Nilmini Wickramasinghe; Gil Nonato Santos; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Viet Anh Nguyen. Primary education in Vietnam and pupil online engagement. International Journal of Educational Management 2018, 32, 71 -83.

AMA Style

Quynh Nguyen, Raouf N.G. Naguib, Ashish K. Das, Michail Papathomas, Edgar A. Vallar, Nilmini Wickramasinghe, Gil Nonato Santos, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Viet Anh Nguyen. Primary education in Vietnam and pupil online engagement. International Journal of Educational Management. 2018; 32 (1):71-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quynh Nguyen; Raouf N.G. Naguib; Ashish K. Das; Michail Papathomas; Edgar A. Vallar; Nilmini Wickramasinghe; Gil Nonato Santos; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Viet Anh Nguyen. 2018. "Primary education in Vietnam and pupil online engagement." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 1: 71-83.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Aerosol and Air Quality Research
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The international journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (AAQR) covers all aspects of aerosol science and technology, atmospheric science and air quality related issues.

ACS Style

Simonas Kecorius; Everlyn Gayle Tamayo; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Leizel Madueño; Grace Betito; Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano; Edgar Vallar; Alfred Wiedensohler. Activity Pattern of School/University Tenants and their Family Members in Metro Manila – Philippines. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2018, 18, 2412 -2419.

AMA Style

Simonas Kecorius, Everlyn Gayle Tamayo, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Leizel Madueño, Grace Betito, Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano, Edgar Vallar, Alfred Wiedensohler. Activity Pattern of School/University Tenants and their Family Members in Metro Manila – Philippines. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2018; 18 (9):2412-2419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simonas Kecorius; Everlyn Gayle Tamayo; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Leizel Madueño; Grace Betito; Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano; Edgar Vallar; Alfred Wiedensohler. 2018. "Activity Pattern of School/University Tenants and their Family Members in Metro Manila – Philippines." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 18, no. 9: 2412-2419.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Aerosol and Air Quality Research
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ACS Style

Honey Dawn Alas; Thomas Müller; Wolfram Birmili; Simonas Kecorius; Maria Obiminda Cambaliza; James Bernard B. Simpas; Mylene Cayetano; Kay Weinhold; Edgar Vallar; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Alfred Wiedensohler. Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2018, 18, 2301 -2317.

AMA Style

Honey Dawn Alas, Thomas Müller, Wolfram Birmili, Simonas Kecorius, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, James Bernard B. Simpas, Mylene Cayetano, Kay Weinhold, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Alfred Wiedensohler. Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2018; 18 (9):2301-2317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Honey Dawn Alas; Thomas Müller; Wolfram Birmili; Simonas Kecorius; Maria Obiminda Cambaliza; James Bernard B. Simpas; Mylene Cayetano; Kay Weinhold; Edgar Vallar; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Alfred Wiedensohler. 2018. "Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 18, no. 9: 2301-2317.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Atmospheric Environment
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Simonas Kecorius; Leizel Madueño; Edgar Vallar; Honey Alas; Grace Betito; Wolfram Birmili; Maria Obiminda Cambaliza; Grethyl Catipay; Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Genie Lorenzo; Thomas Müller; James B. Simpas; Everlyn Gayle Tamayo; Alfred Wiedensohler. Aerosol particle mixing state, refractory particle number size distributions and emission factors in a polluted urban environment: Case study of Metro Manila, Philippines. Atmospheric Environment 2017, 170, 169 -183.

AMA Style

Simonas Kecorius, Leizel Madueño, Edgar Vallar, Honey Alas, Grace Betito, Wolfram Birmili, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Grethyl Catipay, Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Genie Lorenzo, Thomas Müller, James B. Simpas, Everlyn Gayle Tamayo, Alfred Wiedensohler. Aerosol particle mixing state, refractory particle number size distributions and emission factors in a polluted urban environment: Case study of Metro Manila, Philippines. Atmospheric Environment. 2017; 170 ():169-183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simonas Kecorius; Leizel Madueño; Edgar Vallar; Honey Alas; Grace Betito; Wolfram Birmili; Maria Obiminda Cambaliza; Grethyl Catipay; Mylene Gonzaga-Cayetano; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Genie Lorenzo; Thomas Müller; James B. Simpas; Everlyn Gayle Tamayo; Alfred Wiedensohler. 2017. "Aerosol particle mixing state, refractory particle number size distributions and emission factors in a polluted urban environment: Case study of Metro Manila, Philippines." Atmospheric Environment 170, no. : 169-183.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Advanced Science Letters
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LED lidar is relatively new in the field of remote sensing. Although, it has a higher tendency to be embedded in noise than the conventional laser lidar due to its relatively low backscattered signal, the potential of portability is promising. Thus, in this study, established denoising technique conventionally applied to laser lidar backscattered signal was applied in LED Lidar backscattered signal, and its outcome was investigated. LED lidar backscattered signals were denoised using 9 preselected wavelet functions: db3, db5, db7, coif3, coif5, sym3, sym5, sym7, and haar, and 6 thresholding parameters. The result showed that ‘heursure,’ soft thresholding, with the ‘sln’ scaling parameter were the best thresholding parameter combination since they gained the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It also showed that regardless of the wavelet variants used with respect to the best thresholding parameter there was no statistically significant difference in their SNR values. Nevertheless, coif5 was used as the representative wavelet to demonstrate the comparison of the original LED Lidar backscattered signal with the wavelet denoised signal, and with the range-squared corrected signal, since it got the highest SNR. By visual inspection, some speckled noise from the original LED Lidar signal were smoothened.

ACS Style

Prane Mariel Ong; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Edgar Vallar; Tatsuo Shiina. Wavelet Denoising Applied to Light Emitting Diode Lidar Signal. Advanced Science Letters 2017, 23, 1374 -1378.

AMA Style

Prane Mariel Ong, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Edgar Vallar, Tatsuo Shiina. Wavelet Denoising Applied to Light Emitting Diode Lidar Signal. Advanced Science Letters. 2017; 23 (2):1374-1378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prane Mariel Ong; Maria Cecilia Galvez; Edgar Vallar; Tatsuo Shiina. 2017. "Wavelet Denoising Applied to Light Emitting Diode Lidar Signal." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 2: 1374-1378.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Advances in Remote Sensing
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A 1-D and 2-D Daubechies 5 (db5) discrete wavelet shrinkage methods using a 10 level decomposition was applied to white light lidar data particularly at 350 nm and 550 nm backscattered signal. At 350 nm, the backscattered signal is very weak as compared to 550 nm backscattered signal because of the spectral intensity distribution of the generated white light. The 1-D and 2-D wavelet shrinkage method gave a much better result as compared with the moving average method. However, the 2-D wavelet shrinkage method produced a much better denoised lidar signal compared with the 1-D wavelet shrinkage method. This is indicated by the 142% increase in correlation coefficient between the 2-D denoised lidar signal and the 800 nm original lidar signal as compared with only 12% increase in correlation coefficient for the 1-D denoised lidar signal. The 2-D wavelet shrinkage method also gave a much higher SNR value of 65.9 compared to 1-D which is 38.8.

ACS Style

Toshihiro Somekawa; Maria Cecilia D. Galvez; Masayuki Fujita; Edgar A. Vallar; Chihiro Yamanaka. Noise Reduction in White Light Lidar Signal Using a One-Dim and Two-Dim Daubechies Wavelet Shrinkage Method. Advances in Remote Sensing 2013, 02, 10 -15.

AMA Style

Toshihiro Somekawa, Maria Cecilia D. Galvez, Masayuki Fujita, Edgar A. Vallar, Chihiro Yamanaka. Noise Reduction in White Light Lidar Signal Using a One-Dim and Two-Dim Daubechies Wavelet Shrinkage Method. Advances in Remote Sensing. 2013; 02 (01):10-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toshihiro Somekawa; Maria Cecilia D. Galvez; Masayuki Fujita; Edgar A. Vallar; Chihiro Yamanaka. 2013. "Noise Reduction in White Light Lidar Signal Using a One-Dim and Two-Dim Daubechies Wavelet Shrinkage Method." Advances in Remote Sensing 02, no. 01: 10-15.