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Dr. Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, Marine Biological Section, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

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marine biotoxins
harmful algal blooms
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Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Toxins
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Ciguatera poisoning is a food intoxication associated with the consumption of fish or shellfish contaminated, through trophic transfer, with ciguatoxins (CTXs). In this study, we developed an experimental model to assess the trophic transfer of CTXs from herbivorous parrotfish, Chlorurus microrhinos, to carnivorous lionfish, Pterois volitans. During a 6-week period, juvenile lionfish were fed naturally contaminated parrotfish fillets at a daily dose of 0.11 or 0.035 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1, as measured by the radioligand-receptor binding assay (r-RBA) or neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a), respectively. During an additional 6-week depuration period, the remaining fish were fed a CTX-free diet. Using r-RBA, no CTXs were detectable in muscular tissues, whereas CTXs were measured in the livers of two out of nine fish sampled during exposure, and in four out of eight fish sampled during depuration. Timepoint pooled liver samples, as analyzed by CBA-N2a, confirmed the accumulation of CTXs in liver tissues, reaching 0.89 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 after 41 days of exposure, followed by slow toxin elimination, with 0.37 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 measured after the 6-week depuration. These preliminary results, which need to be pursued in adult lionfish, strengthen our knowledge on CTX transfer and kinetics along the food web.

ACS Style

Isabel Do Prado Leite; Khalil Sdiri; Angus Taylor; Jérôme Viallon; Hela Ben Gharbia; Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior; Peter Swarzenski; François Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish. Toxins 2021, 13, 564 .

AMA Style

Isabel Do Prado Leite, Khalil Sdiri, Angus Taylor, Jérôme Viallon, Hela Ben Gharbia, Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior, Peter Swarzenski, François Oberhaensli, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish. Toxins. 2021; 13 (8):564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Do Prado Leite; Khalil Sdiri; Angus Taylor; Jérôme Viallon; Hela Ben Gharbia; Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior; Peter Swarzenski; François Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2021. "Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish." Toxins 13, no. 8: 564.

Review
Published: 27 July 2021 in Toxins
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The dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus are found in almost all oceans and seas between the coordinates 35° N and 35° S. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are producers of ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are known to cause foodborne disease associated with contaminated seafood. The occurrence and effects of CTXs are well described in the Pacific and the Caribbean. However, historically, their properties and presence have been poorly documented in the Indian Ocean (including the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and the Gulf). A higher occurrence of these microorganisms will proportionately increase the likelihood of CTXs entering the food chain, posing a severe threat to human seafood consumers. Therefore, comprehensive research strategies are critically important for developing effective monitoring and risk assessments of this emerging threat in the Indian Ocean. This review presents the available literature on ciguatera occurrence in the region and its adjacent marginal waters: aiming to identify the data gaps and vectors.

ACS Style

Nazima Habibi; Saif Uddin; Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Mohd Faizuddin. Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean with Special Insights on the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Gulf and Seas: A Review. Toxins 2021, 13, 525 .

AMA Style

Nazima Habibi, Saif Uddin, Marie-Yasmine Bottein, Mohd Faizuddin. Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean with Special Insights on the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Gulf and Seas: A Review. Toxins. 2021; 13 (8):525.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nazima Habibi; Saif Uddin; Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Mohd Faizuddin. 2021. "Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean with Special Insights on the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Gulf and Seas: A Review." Toxins 13, no. 8: 525.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Communications Earth & Environment
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Global trends in the occurrence, toxicity and risk posed by harmful algal blooms to natural systems, human health and coastal economies are poorly constrained, but are widely thought to be increasing due to climate change and nutrient pollution. Here, we conduct a statistical analysis on a global dataset extracted from the Harmful Algae Event Database and Ocean Biodiversity Information System for the period 1985–2018 to investigate temporal trends in the frequency and distribution of marine harmful algal blooms. We find no uniform global trend in the number of harmful algal events and their distribution over time, once data were adjusted for regional variations in monitoring effort. Varying and contrasting regional trends were driven by differences in bloom species, type and emergent impacts. Our findings suggest that intensified monitoring efforts associated with increased aquaculture production are responsible for the perceived increase in harmful algae events and that there is no empirical support for broad statements regarding increasing global trends. Instead, trends need to be considered regionally and at the species level.

ACS Style

Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff; Donald M. Anderson; Catherine Belin; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Eileen Bresnan; Mireille Chinain; Henrik Enevoldsen; Mitsunori Iwataki; Bengt Karlson; Cynthia H. McKenzie; Inés Sunesen; Grant C. Pitcher; Pieter Provoost; Anthony Richardson; Laura Schweibold; Patricia A. Tester; Vera L. Trainer; Aletta T. Yñiguez; Adriana Zingone. Perceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts. Communications Earth & Environment 2021, 2, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff, Donald M. Anderson, Catherine Belin, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Eileen Bresnan, Mireille Chinain, Henrik Enevoldsen, Mitsunori Iwataki, Bengt Karlson, Cynthia H. McKenzie, Inés Sunesen, Grant C. Pitcher, Pieter Provoost, Anthony Richardson, Laura Schweibold, Patricia A. Tester, Vera L. Trainer, Aletta T. Yñiguez, Adriana Zingone. Perceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts. Communications Earth & Environment. 2021; 2 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff; Donald M. Anderson; Catherine Belin; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Eileen Bresnan; Mireille Chinain; Henrik Enevoldsen; Mitsunori Iwataki; Bengt Karlson; Cynthia H. McKenzie; Inés Sunesen; Grant C. Pitcher; Pieter Provoost; Anthony Richardson; Laura Schweibold; Patricia A. Tester; Vera L. Trainer; Aletta T. Yñiguez; Adriana Zingone. 2021. "Perceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts." Communications Earth & Environment 2, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Toxins
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In Cuba, ciguatera poisoning associated with fish consumption is the most commonly occurring non-bacterial seafood-borne illness. Risk management through fish market regulation has existed in Cuba for decades and consists of bans on selected species above a certain weight; however, the actual occurrence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in seafood has never been verified. From this food safety risk management perspective, a study site locally known to be at risk for ciguatera was selected. Analysis of the epiphytic dinoflagellate community identified the microalga Gambierdiscus. Gambierdiscus species included six of the seven species known to be present in Cuba (G. caribaeus, G. belizeanus, G. carpenteri, G. carolinianus, G. silvae, and F. ruetzleri). CTX-like activity in invertebrates, herbivorous and carnivorous fishes were analyzed with a radioligand receptor-binding assay and, for selected samples, with the N2A cell cytotoxicity assay. CTX activity was found in 80% of the organisms sampled, with toxin values ranging from 2 to 8 ng CTX3C equivalents g−1 tissue. Data analysis further confirmed CTXs trophic magnification. This study constitutes the first finding of CTX-like activity in marine organisms in Cuba and in herbivorous fish in the Caribbean. Elucidating the structure–activity relationship and toxicology of CTX from the Caribbean is needed before conclusions may be drawn about risk exposure in Cuba and the wider Caribbean.

ACS Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio; Rachel J. Clausing; Mark Vandersea; Donaida Chamero-Lago; Miguel Gómez-Batista; Joan I. Hernández-Albernas; Nicolas Chomérat; Gabriel Rojas-Abrahantes; R. Wayne Litaker; Patricia Tester; Jorge Diogène; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications. Toxins 2019, 11, 722 .

AMA Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio, Rachel J. Clausing, Mark Vandersea, Donaida Chamero-Lago, Miguel Gómez-Batista, Joan I. Hernández-Albernas, Nicolas Chomérat, Gabriel Rojas-Abrahantes, R. Wayne Litaker, Patricia Tester, Jorge Diogène, Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications. Toxins. 2019; 11 (12):722.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio; Rachel J. Clausing; Mark Vandersea; Donaida Chamero-Lago; Miguel Gómez-Batista; Joan I. Hernández-Albernas; Nicolas Chomérat; Gabriel Rojas-Abrahantes; R. Wayne Litaker; Patricia Tester; Jorge Diogène; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2019. "Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications." Toxins 11, no. 12: 722.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2019 in Chemistry – A European Journal
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ACS Style

Sumit Kumar; Gaëlle Creff; Christoph Hennig; André Rossberg; Robin Steudtner; Johannes Raff; Claude Vidaud; François R. Oberhaensli; Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Christophe Auwer. Cover Feature: How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin? (Chem. Eur. J. 53/2019). Chemistry – A European Journal 2019, 25, 12231 -12231.

AMA Style

Sumit Kumar, Gaëlle Creff, Christoph Hennig, André Rossberg, Robin Steudtner, Johannes Raff, Claude Vidaud, François R. Oberhaensli, Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Christophe Auwer. Cover Feature: How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin? (Chem. Eur. J. 53/2019). Chemistry – A European Journal. 2019; 25 (53):12231-12231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumit Kumar; Gaëlle Creff; Christoph Hennig; André Rossberg; Robin Steudtner; Johannes Raff; Claude Vidaud; François R. Oberhaensli; Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Christophe Auwer. 2019. "Cover Feature: How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin? (Chem. Eur. J. 53/2019)." Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 53: 12231-12231.

Full paper
Published: 17 June 2019 in Chemistry – A European Journal
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The development of nuclear industries has raised multiple questions about its impact on the biotope and humans. Proteins are key biomolecules in cell machinery and essential actors in deciphering toxicological processes. Phosvitin was chosen as a relevant model for phosphorylated proteins and because of its important role as an iron, calcium, and magnesium storage protein in egg yolk. Here we carried out a multi‐technique spectroscopic investigation in order to reveal the coordination geometry of two oxocations of the actinide family (actinyl U(VI), Np(V)) in speciation with phosvitin. Infrared spectroscopy revealed phosphoryl groups as the main functional groups interacting with U(VI). This was confirmed through laser luminescence spectroscopy (U) and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy (Np). X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy at LIII edge revealed for U(VI) a small contribution of bidentate binding present along with predominantly monodentate binding of phosphoryl groups and for Np(V) uniquely bidentate binding. As a perspective to this work, XAS speciation of U(VI) and Np(V) in the extracted yolk of the living eggs of Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula was determined, which corroborates the binding of phosphorous together with a reduction process of the actinyl moiety. Such data are essential to pinpoint the mechanisms of heavy metals (actinyls) accumulation and toxicity in oviparous organisms and therefore, contribute to shift from descriptive approaches to predictive toxicology.

ACS Style

Sumit Kumar; Gaëlle Creff; Christoph Hennig; André Rossberg; Robin Steudtner; Johannes Raff; Claude Vidaud; François R. Oberhaensli; Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Christophe Den Auwer. How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin? Chemistry – A European Journal 2019, 25, 12332 -12341.

AMA Style

Sumit Kumar, Gaëlle Creff, Christoph Hennig, André Rossberg, Robin Steudtner, Johannes Raff, Claude Vidaud, François R. Oberhaensli, Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Christophe Den Auwer. How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin? Chemistry – A European Journal. 2019; 25 (53):12332-12341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumit Kumar; Gaëlle Creff; Christoph Hennig; André Rossberg; Robin Steudtner; Johannes Raff; Claude Vidaud; François R. Oberhaensli; Marie‐Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Christophe Den Auwer. 2019. "How Do Actinyls Interact with Hyperphosphorylated Yolk Protein Phosvitin?" Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 53: 12332-12341.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2018 in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
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Ciguatoxins are algal toxins responsible for tens of thousands of human intoxications yearly, both in tropical and subtropical endemic regions as well as worldwide through fish exportation. Previously developed methods for biotoxin surveillance in the environment and seafood include analytical methods and in vivo and in vitro bioassays. The radioligand receptor binding assay (r-RBA) is among the in vitro methodologies currently used for the detection and quantification of marine biotoxins. For the ciguatoxin group, the r-RBA has been widely used as a means to characterize the mode of action and as detection method in various biological matrices. Yet, screening methods have not been standardized, and the details of the ciguatoxin-specific r-RBA are not well-documented, which limit interlaboratory comparison and progress toward method validation. This work presents the development of an optimized r-RBA for ciguatoxins and provides guidance on its use and quality control checks for analysis of environmental samples. We focus on the analysis of critical parameters involved in determining assay acceptability. Calculation of toxin concentrations in fish samples is illustrated with four examples. Thus, this paper provides the detailed information required for a full validation of the r-RBA, a necessary step toward the development and implementation of a regulatory monitoring programme for ciguatoxins in seafood products using the r-RBA.

ACS Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio; Rachel J. Clausing; Ma Llorina Rañada; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. A radioligand receptor binding assay for ciguatoxin monitoring in environmental samples: Method development and determination of quality control criteria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2018, 192, 289 -294.

AMA Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio, Rachel J. Clausing, Ma Llorina Rañada, Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. A radioligand receptor binding assay for ciguatoxin monitoring in environmental samples: Method development and determination of quality control criteria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2018; 192 ():289-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisbet Díaz-Asencio; Rachel J. Clausing; Ma Llorina Rañada; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2018. "A radioligand receptor binding assay for ciguatoxin monitoring in environmental samples: Method development and determination of quality control criteria." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 192, no. : 289-294.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2018 in Aquatic Toxicology
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Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are potent algal toxins that cause widespread ciguatera poisoning and are found ubiquitously in coral reef food webs. Here we developed an environmentally-relevant, experimental model of CTX trophic transfer involving dietary exposure of herbivorous fish to the CTX-producing microalgae Gambierdiscus polynesiensis. Juvenile Naso brevirostris were fed a gel-food embedded with microalgae for 16 weeks (89 cells g−1 fish daily, 0.4 μg CTX3C equiv kg−1 fish). CTXs in muscle tissue were detectable after 2 weeks at levels above the threshold for human intoxication (1.2 ± 0.2 μg CTX3C equiv kg−1). Although tissue CTX concentrations stabilized after 8 weeks (∼3 ± 0.5 μg CTX3C equiv kg−1), muscle toxin burden (total μg CTX in muscle tissue) continued to increase linearly through the end of the experiment (16 weeks). Toxin accumulation was therefore continuous, yet masked by somatic growth dilution. The observed CTX concentrations, accumulation rates, and general absence of behavioural signs of intoxication are consistent with field observations and indicate that this method of dietary exposure may be used to develop predictive models of tissue-specific CTX uptake, metabolism and depuration. Results also imply that slow-growing fish may accumulate higher CTX flesh concentrations than fast-growing fish, which has important implications for global seafood safety.

ACS Style

Rachel J. Clausing; Barbara Losen; Francois R. Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Manoella Sibat-Dubois; Philipp Hess; Peter W. Swarzenski; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish. Aquatic Toxicology 2018, 200, 257 -265.

AMA Style

Rachel J. Clausing, Barbara Losen, Francois R. Oberhaensli, Hélène Taiana Darius, Manoella Sibat-Dubois, Philipp Hess, Peter W. Swarzenski, Mireille Chinain, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish. Aquatic Toxicology. 2018; 200 ():257-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. Clausing; Barbara Losen; Francois R. Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Manoella Sibat-Dubois; Philipp Hess; Peter W. Swarzenski; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2018. "Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish." Aquatic Toxicology 200, no. : 257-265.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Aquatic Toxicology
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Essential nutrients are critical for physiological processes of organisms. In fish, they are obtained primarily from the diet, and their transfer and accumulation are known to be impacted by environmental variables such as water temperature, pH and salinity, as well as by diet composition and matrices. Yet, prey items consumed by fish may also contain toxic compounds such as marine toxins associated with harmful algae. These biotoxins have the potential to affect essential trace element assimilation in fish through chemical interactions such as the formation of trace element-toxin complexes or by affecting general fish physiology as in the modification of ion-specific transport pathways. We assessed the influence of dietary exposure to brevetoxins (PbTxs), ichthyotoxic neurotoxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, on trophic transfer of two essential trace elements, Mn and Zn, in a fish model. Using ecologically relevant concentrations of PbTxs and trace elements in controlled laboratory conditions, juvenile turbots Scophthalmus maximus were given food containing PbTxs before or at the same time as a feeding with radiotracers of the chosen essential elements (54Mn and 65Zn). Treatments included simultaneous exposure (PbTxs + 54Mn + 65Zn) in a single-feeding, 3-week daily pre-exposure to dietary PbTx followed by a single feeding with 54Mn and 65Zn, and a control (54Mn and 65Zn only). After a 21-day depuration period, turbot tissue brevetoxin levels were quantified and assimilation efficiencies of 54Mn and 65Zn were assessed. PbTxs were found in turbot tissues in each exposure treatment, demonstrating dietary trophic transfer of these toxins; yet, no differences in assimilation efficiencies of Mn or Zn were found between treatments or the control (p > 0.05). These results indicate that, in our experimental conditions, PbTx exposure does not significantly affect the trophic transfer of Mn and Zn in fish.

ACS Style

Simon Pouil; Rachel J. Clausing; Marc Metian; Paco Bustamante; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. The role of marine biotoxins on the trophic transfer of Mn and Zn in fish. Aquatic Toxicology 2018, 198, 198 -205.

AMA Style

Simon Pouil, Rachel J. Clausing, Marc Metian, Paco Bustamante, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. The role of marine biotoxins on the trophic transfer of Mn and Zn in fish. Aquatic Toxicology. 2018; 198 ():198-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Pouil; Rachel J. Clausing; Marc Metian; Paco Bustamante; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2018. "The role of marine biotoxins on the trophic transfer of Mn and Zn in fish." Aquatic Toxicology 198, no. : 198-205.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2017 in Advances in the Use of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) - Instrumentation Developments and Applications
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ACS Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Rachel J. Clausing. Receptor-Binding Assay for the Analysis of Marine Toxins. Advances in the Use of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) - Instrumentation Developments and Applications 2017, 277 -301.

AMA Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Rachel J. Clausing. Receptor-Binding Assay for the Analysis of Marine Toxins. Advances in the Use of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) - Instrumentation Developments and Applications. 2017; ():277-301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Rachel J. Clausing. 2017. "Receptor-Binding Assay for the Analysis of Marine Toxins." Advances in the Use of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) - Instrumentation Developments and Applications , no. : 277-301.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in Harmful Algae
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ACS Style

Aurélie Ledreux; Heather Brand; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; John S. Ramsdell. Dynamics of ciguatoxins from Gambierdiscus polynesiensis in the benthic herbivore Mugil cephalus: Trophic transfer implications. Harmful Algae 2014, 39, 165 -174.

AMA Style

Aurélie Ledreux, Heather Brand, Mireille Chinain, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, John S. Ramsdell. Dynamics of ciguatoxins from Gambierdiscus polynesiensis in the benthic herbivore Mugil cephalus: Trophic transfer implications. Harmful Algae. 2014; 39 ():165-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurélie Ledreux; Heather Brand; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; John S. Ramsdell. 2014. "Dynamics of ciguatoxins from Gambierdiscus polynesiensis in the benthic herbivore Mugil cephalus: Trophic transfer implications." Harmful Algae 39, no. : 165-174.

Comparative study
Published: 10 June 2014 in Toxins
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The toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, responsible for early harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico, produces many secondary metabolites, including potent neurotoxins called brevetoxins (PbTx). These compounds have been identified as toxic agents for humans, and they are also responsible for the deaths of several marine organisms. The overall biosynthesis of these highly complex metabolites has not been fully ascertained, even if there is little doubt on a polyketide origin. In addition to gaining some insights into the metabolic events involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds, feeding studies with labeled precursors helps to discriminate between the de novo biosynthesis of toxins and conversion of stored intermediates into final toxic products in the response to environmental stresses. In this context, the use of radiolabeled precursors is well suited as it allows working with the highest sensitive techniques and consequently with a minor amount of cultured dinoflagellates. We were then able to incorporate [U-14C]-acetate, the renowned precursor of the polyketide pathway, in several PbTx produced by K. brevis. The specific activities of PbTx-1, -2, -3, and -7, identified by High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HRESIMS), were assessed by HPLC-UV and highly sensitive Radio-TLC counting. We demonstrated that working at close to natural concentrations of acetate is a requirement for biosynthetic studies, highlighting the importance of highly sensitive radiolabeling feeding experiments. Quantification of the specific activity of the four, targeted toxins led us to propose that PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 aldehydes originate from oxidation of the primary alcohols of PbTx-7 and PbTx-3, respectively. This approach will open the way for a better comprehension of the metabolic pathways leading to PbTx but also to a better understanding of their regulation by environmental factors.

ACS Style

Kevin Calabro; Jean-Marie Guigonis; Jean-Louis Teyssié; François Oberhänsli; Jean-Pierre Goudour; Michel Warnau; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Olivier P. Thomas. Further Insights into Brevetoxin Metabolism by de Novo Radiolabeling. Toxins 2014, 6, 1785 -1798.

AMA Style

Kevin Calabro, Jean-Marie Guigonis, Jean-Louis Teyssié, François Oberhänsli, Jean-Pierre Goudour, Michel Warnau, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Olivier P. Thomas. Further Insights into Brevetoxin Metabolism by de Novo Radiolabeling. Toxins. 2014; 6 (6):1785-1798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Calabro; Jean-Marie Guigonis; Jean-Louis Teyssié; François Oberhänsli; Jean-Pierre Goudour; Michel Warnau; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Olivier P. Thomas. 2014. "Further Insights into Brevetoxin Metabolism by de Novo Radiolabeling." Toxins 6, no. 6: 1785-1798.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2012 in Science of The Total Environment
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Ciguatera in humans is typically caused by the consumption of reef fish that have accumulated Ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their flesh. Over a six month period, we captured 38 wild adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a species commonly associated with ciguatera in The Bahamas. We sampled three tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and blood) and analysed them for the presence of ciguatoxins using a functional in vitro N2A bioassay. Detectable concentrations of ciguatoxins found in the three tissue types ranged from 2.51 to 211.74pg C-CTX-1 equivalents/g. Blood and liver toxin concentrations were positively correlated (ρ=0.86, P=0.003), indicating that, for the first time, blood sampling provides a non-lethal method of detecting ciguatoxin in wild fish. Non-lethal blood sampling also presents opportunities to couple this approach with biotelemetry and biologging techniques that enable the study of fish distribution and movement. To demonstrate the potential for linking ciguatoxin occurrence with barracuda spatial ecology, we also present a proof-of-concept case study where blood samples were obtained from 20 fish before releasing them with acoustic transmitters and tracking them in the coastal waters using a fixed acoustic telemetry array covering 44km(2). Fish that tested positive for CTX may have smaller home ranges than non-toxic fish (median distance travelled, U=2.21, P=0.03). Results presented from this study may help identify high risk areas and source-sink dynamics of toxins, potentially reducing the incidence and human health risk of ciguatera fish poisoning. Moreover, development of the non-lethal sampling approach and measurement of ciguatera from blood provide future opportunities to understand the mechanistic relationship between toxins and the spatial ecology of a broad range of marine fish species.

ACS Style

Amanda C. O'Toole; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Andy J. Danylchuk; John S. Ramsdell; Steven J. Cooke. Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: A novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry. Science of The Total Environment 2012, 427-428, 98 -105.

AMA Style

Amanda C. O'Toole, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Andy J. Danylchuk, John S. Ramsdell, Steven J. Cooke. Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: A novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry. Science of The Total Environment. 2012; 427-428 ():98-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda C. O'Toole; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Andy J. Danylchuk; John S. Ramsdell; Steven J. Cooke. 2012. "Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: A novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry." Science of The Total Environment 427-428, no. : 98-105.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2012 in Harmful Algae
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ACS Style

Michael Parsons; Katerina Aligizaki; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Santiago Fraga; Steve L. Morton; Antonella Penna; Lesley Rhodes. Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology. Harmful Algae 2012, 14, 107 -129.

AMA Style

Michael Parsons, Katerina Aligizaki, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Santiago Fraga, Steve L. Morton, Antonella Penna, Lesley Rhodes. Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology. Harmful Algae. 2012; 14 ():107-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Parsons; Katerina Aligizaki; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Santiago Fraga; Steve L. Morton; Antonella Penna; Lesley Rhodes. 2012. "Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology." Harmful Algae 14, no. : 107-129.

Comparative study
Published: 18 June 2011 in Toxicology
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Ciguatoxins are voltage-gated selective algal toxins responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning. In this study we evaluate the toxicokinetics of one of the most common ciguatoxins found in the Pacific, the P-CTX-1, in rat after an oral or intraperitoneal (ip) dose of 0.26 μg/kg body weight. We report levels of ciguatoxin activity assessed over time in blood, urine and feces, and at 4 days in liver, muscle and brain, using the functional in vitro N2A cytotoxicity assay. Following exposure, the ciguatoxin activity exhibited a rapid systemic absorption that was followed by a bi-exponential decline, and data best fit a two-compartment model analysis. Maximum blood concentrations were reached at 1.97 and 0.43 h after the oral and ip dose, respectively. Ciguatoxin elimination from blood was slow with terminal half lives (t1/2β) estimated at 82 h for oral and 112 h for ip dosing. Ciguatoxin activity remained in liver, muscle and brain 96 h after ip and oral administration. While smaller amounts appeared in the urine, the main excretion route was feces, with peak rates reaching >10 pg P-CTX-1 equivalents/h in both routes of administration. Assay guided fractionation showed the presence in the feces and liver of peaks of activity corresponding to the P-CTX-1 and to other less polar metabolites. In conclusion, biologically active ciguatoxins are detectable in blood, liver, muscle and brain, and continued to be excreted in urine and feces 4 days following exposure. Blood, as well as urine and feces may be useful matrices for low-invasive testing methods for ciguatera clinical cases.

ACS Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Zhihong Wang; John S. Ramsdell. Toxicokinetics of the ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after intraperitoneal or oral administration. Toxicology 2011, 284, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Zhihong Wang, John S. Ramsdell. Toxicokinetics of the ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after intraperitoneal or oral administration. Toxicology. 2011; 284 (1-3):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Zhihong Wang; John S. Ramsdell. 2011. "Toxicokinetics of the ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after intraperitoneal or oral administration." Toxicology 284, no. 1-3: 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2011 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Ciguatoxins are potent algal neurotoxins that concentrate in fish preyed upon by the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). The only report for Hawaiian monk seal exposure to ciguatoxins occurred during a 1978 mortality event when two seal liver extracts tested positive by mouse bioassay. Ciguatoxins were thus proposed as a potential threat to the Hawaiian monk seal population. To reinvestigate monk seal exposure to ciguatoxins we utilized more selective detection methods, the Neuro-2A cytotoxicity assay, to quantify ciguatoxin activity and an analytical method LC-MS/MS to confirm the molecular structure. Tissue analysis from dead stranded animals revealed ciguatoxin activity in brain, liver, and muscle, whereas analysis of blood samples from 55 free-ranging animals revealed detectable levels of ciguatoxin activity (0.43 to 5.49 pg/mL P-CTX-1 equiv) in 19% of the animals. Bioassay-guided LC fractionation of two monk seal liver extracts identified several ciguatoxin-like peaks of activity including a peak corresponding to the P-CTX-3C which was confirmed present by LC-MS/MS. In conclusion, this work provides first confirmation that Hawaiian monk seals are exposed to significant levels of ciguatoxins and first evidence of transfer of ciguatoxin to marine mammals. This threat could pose management challenges for this endangered marine mammal species.

ACS Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Lizabeth Kashinsky; Zhihong Wang; Charles Littnan; John S. Ramsdell. Identification of Ciguatoxins in Hawaiian Monk SealsMonachus schauinslandifrom the Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands. Environmental Science & Technology 2011, 45, 5403 -5409.

AMA Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Lizabeth Kashinsky, Zhihong Wang, Charles Littnan, John S. Ramsdell. Identification of Ciguatoxins in Hawaiian Monk SealsMonachus schauinslandifrom the Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands. Environmental Science & Technology. 2011; 45 (12):5403-5409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Lizabeth Kashinsky; Zhihong Wang; Charles Littnan; John S. Ramsdell. 2011. "Identification of Ciguatoxins in Hawaiian Monk SealsMonachus schauinslandifrom the Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 12: 5403-5409.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2010 in BMC Neuroscience
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Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine neurotoxins and potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels. This toxin is carried by multiple reef-fish species and human consumption of ciguatoxins can result in an explosive gastrointestinal/neurologic illness. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response in mouse brain to a symptomatic dose of the highly toxic Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 and additionally compares this data to transcriptional profiles from liver and whole blood examined previously. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were injected with 0.26 ng/g P-CTX-1 while controls received only vehicle. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 24 hrs and transcriptional profiling was performed on brain RNA with Agilent whole genome microarrays. RT-PCR was used to independently validate gene expression and the web tool DAVID was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) and molecular pathway enrichment of the gene expression data.

ACS Style

James C Ryan; Jeanine S Morey; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; John S Ramsdell; Frances M Van Dolah. Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response. BMC Neuroscience 2010, 11, 107 -107.

AMA Style

James C Ryan, Jeanine S Morey, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, John S Ramsdell, Frances M Van Dolah. Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response. BMC Neuroscience. 2010; 11 (1):107-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James C Ryan; Jeanine S Morey; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; John S Ramsdell; Frances M Van Dolah. 2010. "Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response." BMC Neuroscience 11, no. 1: 107-107.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2010 in Toxicon
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Brevetoxins (BTXs) are a class of cyclic polyether toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. These substances are subject to extensive conjugative metabolism in shellfish. BTX-B forms a conjugate with cysteine and is oxidized and reduced to yield BTX-B2, which is further modified by fatty acid addition via cysteine amide linkage to give biologically active brevetoxin metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the commonly used in vitro (ELISA, radioimmunoassay, receptor binding assay and N2A cytotoxicity assay) and in vivo mouse brevetoxin bioassays for the detection of the brevetoxin fatty acid conjugate N -palmitoylBTX-B2, and compared the results to those for dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2. The receptor binding assay for N -palmitoylBTX-B2 showed comparable sensitivity to that for dihydroBTX-B, and an 11-fold higher sensitivity than for BTX-B2. Although the ELISA showed similarly high sensitivity to dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2, with EC 50 values of ca. 0.26 ng/ml, it was 23 times less sensitive to N -palmitoylBTX-B2. On the other hand, the N2A cytotoxicity assay was highly sensitive to N -palmitoylBTX-B2, with an EC 50 of 0.15 ng/ml, but was 12- and 40-fold less sensitive to dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2, respectively. The relative sensitivity of the N2A cytotoxicity assay for each of these metabolites paralleled that of the mouse bioassay (relative LD 50 values 1:20:30 for N -palmitoylBTX-B2:dihydroBTX-B:BTX-B2). We conclude that the most sensitive bioassay for dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2 is the ELISA, whereas the N2A cytotoxicity assay is most sensitive for N -palmitoylBTX-B2. Keywords Brevetoxin BTX-B2 N -palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4) Bioassay Metabolism Fatty acid conjugate Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning

ACS Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Jennifer Maucher Fuquay; Rex Munday; Andrew I. Selwood; Roel van Ginkel; Christopher O. Miles; Jared I. Loader; Alistair L. Wilkins; John S. Ramsdell. Bioassay methods for detection of N-palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4). Toxicon 2010, 55, 497 -506.

AMA Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Jennifer Maucher Fuquay, Rex Munday, Andrew I. Selwood, Roel van Ginkel, Christopher O. Miles, Jared I. Loader, Alistair L. Wilkins, John S. Ramsdell. Bioassay methods for detection of N-palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4). Toxicon. 2010; 55 (2-3):497-506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein; Jennifer Maucher Fuquay; Rex Munday; Andrew I. Selwood; Roel van Ginkel; Christopher O. Miles; Jared I. Loader; Alistair L. Wilkins; John S. Ramsdell. 2010. "Bioassay methods for detection of N-palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4)." Toxicon 55, no. 2-3: 497-506.