As one of China’s emerging urban agglomerations, the Changzhutan urban area is suffering from regional composite air pollution. Previous studies mainly focus on single cities or world-class urban agglomerations, which cannot provide a scientific basis for air pollution in emerging urban agglomerations. This paper proposes the latest high-resolution emission inventory through the emission factor method and compares the results with the rest of the urban agglomeration. The emission inventory shows that the estimates for sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), particulate matter 10 (PM₁₀), particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ammonia (NH₃) emission are 132.5, 148.9, 111.6, 56.5, 119.0, and 72.0 kt, respectively. From the 3 × 3 km emission grid, the spatial difference of air pollutant emissions in the Changzhutan urban agglomeration was more obvious, but the overall trend of monthly pollutant discharge was relatively stable. Depending on the source apportionment, SO₄²⁻, OC, and NO₃⁻ are the main chemical constituents of PM_2.5, accounting for 13.06, 8.24, and 4.84 μg/m³, respectively. Simultaneously, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and dust are still three main sources that cannot be ignored. With the support of these data, the results of this study may provide a reference for other emerging urban agglomerations in air quality.