Steam generator tube rupture sequences are identified as major contributors to the risk assessments of pressurized water reactors. Despite very low probability, they involve a direct pathway for radioactivity release into the environment. Nonetheless, fission products could be partially retained in the secondary side of the steam generator, even in the absence of water. This paper summarizes the main results of a bench-scale experimental program focused on the aerosol retention near the tube breach at the secondary side of a dry steam generator. The major variables investigated were the breach configuration (i.e., type, orientation, and location) and the gas mass flow rate. The results showed that near the breach, aerosol retention is low (<20%), and it generally decreases when the gas mass flow rate increases. Discussion of the experimental results suggested that certain phenomena, such as fragmentation and/or resuspension, as well as particle nature could have a large effect on the scenario stud...

The processes that take place within the Internal Ballistics cycle of an artillery round are highly influenced by geometric effects. They are also highly affected by the presence of a combination of energetic materials, such as the propellant, igniter, primer, and the combustible cartridge cases. For a more realistic simulation of these phenomena, a multidimensional and multicomponent numerical model is presented, based on adaptations and improvements of previous models of conservation equations, maintaining a two-phase, Eulerian–Eulerian approximation. A numerical method based on Finite Volumes and conservative flux schemes (Rusanov and AUSM+), with the ability to predict detonation effects, is proposed. As a result, a versatile 3D numerical code was obtained that was tested in the simulation of artillery firing with conventional and modular charges (MACS). Results show the code is able to characterize the heat and mass transfer of the different energetic materials during the combustion of the propellant and the cartridge cases, the gas expansion, and the projectile acceleration.