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The automatic flap barrier gate system (AFBGS) plays a critical role in building security, but it is more vulnerable to natural hazards than common exits (including power failure, due to earthquakes, and delayed evacuation, due to safety certification, etc.). This article considers a dynamic decision-making process of evacuees during post-earthquake evacuation near an AFBGS. An interesting metaphor, broken windows (BW), is utilized to interpret people’s actual behavior during evacuation. A multi-stage decision-making mechanism of evacuees is developed to characterize the instantaneous transition among three defined stages: Habitual, mild, and radical states. Then, we build a modified three-layer social force model to reproduce the interaction between evacuees based on an actual post-earthquake evacuation. The simulations reveal that BW provides a contextualized understanding of emergency evacuation with a similar effect to the traditional metaphor. An earlier appearance of a mild rule breaker leads to a higher crowd evacuation efficiency. If evacuees maintain the state of broken windows behavior (BWB), the crowd evacuation efficiency can be improved significantly. Contrary to the criminological interpretation, the overall effect of mild BWB is positive, but the radical BWB is encouraged under the command of guiders.
Yu Song; Jia Liu; Qian Liu. Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8771 .
AMA StyleYu Song, Jia Liu, Qian Liu. Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Song; Jia Liu; Qian Liu. 2021. "Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8771.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and human effects of atmospheric pollution in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). An AQI(Air Quality Index)-based weighted co-word method is applied to explore the characteristics of keywords taken from the data, using authoritative media sources and government reports. Hierarchical clustering techniques are utilized to classify and visualize the keywords and display the different types of incidents. The results reveal the following four main clusters: enterprise pollution, coal-burning pollution, traffic pollution, and air pollutants. Cluster 1 is divided into 7 sub-clusters to offer powerful insight into the structural characteristics of industrial activities. This study is one of the first attempts to use a bibliometric approach to visualize the underlying and interconnected sub-clusters from grey data. It also provides an atmospheric pollution mapping for formulating government policies by understanding the human effects of air pollution incidents.
Yu Song; Bingrui Liu; Xiaohong Chen; Jia Liu; Liu. Atmospheric Pollution Mapping of the Yangtze River Basin: An AQI-Based Weighted Co-Word Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 817 .
AMA StyleYu Song, Bingrui Liu, Xiaohong Chen, Jia Liu, Liu. Atmospheric Pollution Mapping of the Yangtze River Basin: An AQI-Based Weighted Co-Word Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):817.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Song; Bingrui Liu; Xiaohong Chen; Jia Liu; Liu. 2020. "Atmospheric Pollution Mapping of the Yangtze River Basin: An AQI-Based Weighted Co-Word Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 817.
This research utilizes the environmental Kuznets curve to demonstrate the interrelationship between economic growth, industrial structure, and water quality of the Xiangjiang river basin in China by employing spatial panel data models. First, it obtains two variables (namely, CODMn, which represents the chemical oxygen demand of using KMnO4 as chemical oxidant, and NH3-N, which represents the ammonia nitrogen content index of wastewater) by pretreating the data of 42 environmental monitoring stations in the Xiangjiang river basin from 2005 to 2015. Afterward, Moran’s I index is adopted to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of CODMn and NH3-N concentration. Then, a comparative analysis of the nonspatial panel model and spatial panel model is conducted. Finally, this research estimates the intermediate effect of the industrial structure of the Xiangjiang river basin in China. The results show that spatial autocorrelation exists in pollutant concentration and the relationship between economic growth and pollutant concentration shapes as an inverted-N trajectory. Moreover, the turn points of the environmental Kuznets curve for CODMn are RMB 83,001 and RMB 108,583 per capita GDP. In contrast, the turn points for NH3-N are RMB 50,980 and RMB 188,931 per capita GDP. Additionally, the environmental Kuznets curve for CODMn can be explained by industrial structure adjustment, while that for NH3-N cannot. As a consequence, the research suggests that the effect of various pollutants should be taken into account while making industrial policies.
Xiaohong Chen; Guodong Yi; Jia Liu; Xiang Liu; Yang Chen. Evaluating Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Water Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin in China Based on a Spatial Econometric Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2095 .
AMA StyleXiaohong Chen, Guodong Yi, Jia Liu, Xiang Liu, Yang Chen. Evaluating Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Water Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin in China Based on a Spatial Econometric Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohong Chen; Guodong Yi; Jia Liu; Xiang Liu; Yang Chen. 2018. "Evaluating Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Water Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin in China Based on a Spatial Econometric Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2095.
Jia Liu; Yun Chen; Yanan Li; Wei Wang. Mode and Mechanism of Green Innovation Based on User Involvement Electronic Platform under Chinese Green Education Context. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2017, 13, 6619 -6634.
AMA StyleJia Liu, Yun Chen, Yanan Li, Wei Wang. Mode and Mechanism of Green Innovation Based on User Involvement Electronic Platform under Chinese Green Education Context. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2017; 13 (10):6619-6634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia Liu; Yun Chen; Yanan Li; Wei Wang. 2017. "Mode and Mechanism of Green Innovation Based on User Involvement Electronic Platform under Chinese Green Education Context." Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 13, no. 10: 6619-6634.