The aim of the study was to assess selected cognitive abilities depending on age, anthropometric parametres, physical fitness and technical skills in the group of young players training football. The study covered a group of 258 young players practicing football (age: $12.1\pm$ 2.03), who were divided into 5 age categories (8–9 years old, 10–11 years old, 12–13 years old, 14–15 years old, 16–17 years old). Selected cognitive abilities include: simple reaction time (SIRT), complex reaction time (CHORT), hand-eye coordination (HECOR) and spatial orientation (SPANT). Studies were performed using Test2Drive computer tests. In addition, the level of physical fitness was measured using: The standing long jump, 30 m sprint, 20 m shuttle run test (without and with the ball) and slalom (without and with the ball). The analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between age and cognitive abilities. There was also a statistically significant correlation between fitness tests and reaction time in individual cognitive tests. There were no statistically significant relationships between technical skills and cognitive abilities. The study confirms that age and physical fitness affect the level of cognitive abilities.

Handball is a high-intensity game, during which players run, change directions with or without the ball, interact with the opponent and make different decisions in both offensive and defensive actions. Players‘ performance may depend on a number of factors, including explosive force, power, speed and agility. Players‘ results may be significantly influenced by their, psychomotor abilities. This article presents an analysis of selected psychomotor abilities of female handball players at different level of competition. Test2Drive computer tests were used. The following four tests were used to measure psychomotor abilities: the Simple Reaction Time Test (SIRT), the Choice Reaction Time Test (CHORT), the Hand-Eye Coordination Test and the Spatial Anticipation Test (SPANT). The study covered a group of 118 female handball players (average age 19.6 ± 3.16), playing in the PGNiG Polish Women’s Superliga, the Polish 1st Handball League and 2nd the Polish 2nd Handball League, in the playing positions: goalkeepers, centre players, pivot players and wing players. The study also included analyses of the players‘ body composition and aerobic capacity through the use of the multistage 20-m shuttle run test. In addition, the players‘ psychomotor abilities were analysed depending on the level of competition and playing position. The analysis of the reaction time and movement time showed statistically significant differences between the results obtained by the female handball players on different levels of competition. Moreover the female players from the Polish Women’s Superliga exhibited the fastest reaction times according to the SIRT, the CHORT and the SPANT. Additionally, on the basis of the linear Pearson correlation coefficient, a statistically significant relationship was determined between the players‘ psychomotor abilities (movement time in the SIRT, the CHORT and the SPANT) and elements of their body composition or aerobic capacity. The analysis showed that the higher the level of competition (leagues), the shorter the female handball players‘ reaction times. The study also revealed that the players‘ body mass index and percentage of fat content reassociated with movement times, while their aerobic capacity (measured in the multistage 20-m shuttle run test) had a significant influence on their reaction times. This study shows that reaction time it’s one of ability which should be consider to develop in training of female handball players.

Przeciążenie informacyjne może zakłócać proces kształtowania osobowości człowieka. W tej niekorzystnej dla jednostki przestrzeni występuje nadmierna absorbcja uwagi danymi często zaśmiecającymi jej magazyn mentalny. Przepełnienie magazynu „infośmieciami” może uniemożliwiać gromadzenie w nim potrzebnych, rzeczowych i wiarygodnych treści. Wówczas efektywność i skuteczność oddziaływań edukacyjnych może stać się ograniczona ze względu na powierzchowne i bezkrytyczne podejście tej osoby do źródeł informacji. Niniejsza eksploracja jest próbą analizy wpływu nadmiaru informacji na proces edukacyjny człowieka. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu została dokonana eksploracja wybranych aspektów edukacyjnych w przestrzeni „infomasy”. Ujęte zostało zjawisko przeciążenia pod względem historycznych, nakreślając terminologiczny kontekst interpretacyjny. Bez wątpienia istotne staje się odszukanie takich strategii, które ograniczą wpływ niekorzystnych bodźców na proces kształtowania osobowości człowieka. Profilaktyka stać się może jedynym skutecznym sposobem zabezpieczenia jednostki przed takimi ubocznymi skutkami przemian cywilizacyjnych.

Individuals with high aerobic endurance demonstrate an increased ability to tolerate fatigue resulting from physical activity, which enables them to maintain pace and intensity of exertion for longer periods (Nhamitambo 2024). The VO₂ max value is one of the key criteria in exercise physiology – it is considered the gold standard for assessing the efficiency of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and thus the overall aerobic capacity of the body and an individual’s ability to endure physical load. Factors influencing maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) include age, sex, lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and health status (Kacker i in., 2024). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of aerobic endurance and the display of aggressive behaviors among individuals serving prison sentences. A key objective was to determine the significance of aerobic capacity in the context of optimizing and reducing aggressive behaviors in the examined individuals. The study involved 41 men incarcerated in a prison located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) developed by A. Buss and M. Perry (Aranowska, Rytel, Szymańska, 2015) was used, along with the International Cooper Test, which enabled the mathematical estimation of the VO₂max index (Adamczyk, Sozański, 2015). The results indicate a statistically significant correlation between aerobic endurance and the tendency to display aggressive behaviors in socially maladjusted individuals.

Based on well-established conventional methods of rehabilitative intervention, it becomes reasonable to incorporate modern information technologies into the process of secondary socialization. These technologies can enable reaching the personalities of convicted individuals through alternative, personally tailored methods. Immersive technologies, besides offering full control over stimuli, allow for the gradual intensification of interventions depending on rehabilitative needs and provide an ethical way to replicate specific situations in safe penitentiary environments. This article presents an in-depth review of both international and domestic research findings, primarily published in English-language scholarly literature.

The aim of the exploration is the attempt of complacency capture amongst teachers of elementary schools and organization’s culture as their workplace at urban terrain in Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland. The research was conducted in June, 2023 amongst 219 teachers from 17 public schools, what was 63% of education’s institutions from one research area. The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) created by Cameron and Quinn, was used to collect research material. Thanks to the questionnaire, it was possible to get opinions of the respondents on current and expected types of organization’s culture of their workplace (clan, adhocracy, market, hierarchy). It was proved that the respondents’ opinions are discrepant from their vision of well-managed institutions. The analysis of current and expected states revealed not only dominant types of the chosen elementary schools’ organization culture but also it enabled the Author to capture everyday difficulties of teachers at school. Only the need for school competitiveness (the market) in the opinions of those surveyed is non-differentiating aspect of the organization’s found and expected culture. Divergent perceptions of the present and desired other types of culture (clan, adhocracy, hierarchy) may result in an unfavorable sense of security among the surveyed elementary school teachers.