Potato is an economically important agro-industrial crop that is conventionally propagated, however; its potential transmission of viruses through seed tubers from generation to generation is a major limitation of potato yield production. In order to produce potato virus-free and sufficient amount of potato seed tubers, several approaches of in vitro methods for virus elimination have been developed. Meristem culture has been used alone or combined with techniques such as thermotherapy, electrotherapy, cryotherapy and chemotherapy as the best alternative method for treating potato infected by viruses. Recent literature has shown that to eliminate potato virus significantly depends upon the potato cultivar, antiviral agents, type of virus, the duration of heat treatment. Appropriate duration for efficiency elimination is still under investigation. Viral elimination rate can be detected through serological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular biology technique such as real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR) that are used for pre and post elimination virus detection to evaluate the efficiency and the accuracy of virus elimination method. The purpose of this review is to highlight virus elimination methods in potato and recommending the most effective tool for virus detection in order to ensure the production of potato plantlet free of viruses. La papa es un cultivo de importancia económica agro-industrial que se propaga de manera convencional, no obstante, la potencial transmisión de virus a través del tubérculo-semilla de generación en generación es una limitación mayor en la producción del rendimiento. Con el fin de producir papa libre de virus y suficiente cantidad de tubérculo-semilla de papa, se han desarrollado varias estrategias de métodos in vitro para la eliminación de los virus. El cultivo de meristemos se ha usado solo o combinado con técnicas tales como termoterapia, electroterapia, crioterapia y quimioterapia, como el mejor método alternativo para tratar papa infectada por virus. La literatura reciente ha demostrado que para eliminar virus significativamente se depende de la variedad de papa, agentes antivirales, tipo de virus, la duración del tratamiento térmico. Aun esta bajo investigación la duración apropiada para la eliminación eficiente. El nivel de la eliminación del virus puede detectarse por métodos serológicos, tales como el inmunoensayo con enzimas conjugadas (ELISA) y técnica de biología molecular, como la reverso-transcripción de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) que se usan para la detección del virus pre y post eliminación para evaluar la eficiencia y la precisión del método de eliminación del virus. El propósito de esta revisión es resaltar los métodos de eliminación de virus en papa y en la recomendación de la herramienta más efectiva para la detección de virus para asegurar la producción de plántulas de papa libres de virus.

Background: Sucrose transporters (SUTs) mediate sucrose phloem loading in source tissue and sucrose unloading into sink tissue in potatoes and higher plants, thus playing a crucial role in plant growth and development. In potatoes, the physiological function of the sucrose transporters StSUT1 and StSUT4 has been clarified, whereas the physiological role of StSUT2 is not yet fully understood. Methods and Results: This study analyzed the relative expression of StSUT2 compared to that of StSUT1 and StSUT4 in different tissues from potatoes and its impact on different physiological characteristics by using StSUT2-RNA interference lines. Here, we report a negative effect of StSUT2-RNA interference on plant height, fresh weight, internodes number, leaf area, flowering time, and tuber yield. However, our data indicate that StSUT2 is not involved in carbohydrate accumulation in potato leaves and tubers. In addition, the data of the RNA-seq between the StSUT2-RNA interference line and WT showed that 152 genes were differentially expressed, of which 128 genes were upregulated and 24 genes were downregulated, and the GO and KEGG analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly related to cell wall composition metabolism. Conclusions: Thus, StSUT2 functions in potato plant growth, flowering time, and tuber yield without affecting carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves and tubers but may be involved in cell wall composition metabolism.

Lilies are important crops that are commonly used as cut flowers (Lilium spp.) and edible bulb crops (Lilium davidii var. unicolor). However, virus infections can significantly impact the quantity and quality of lily production. Various methods have been developed to eliminate viruses in lilies, including in vitro culture and virus detection techniques. Meristem culture is the most effective method, which can be combined with other techniques such as thermotherapy and chemotherapy. Nonetheless, virus elimination is affected by several factors, including cultivar, explants used, virus type, and duration of treatments. Efficient diagnostic methods, such as serological and molecular techniques, have been developed to detect viral infections in lilies, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). However, cross-contamination and multiple-virus contamination can lead to unreliable results, and more sophisticated protocols and systems have been developed to address these issues. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of lily virus eradication, detection strategies, challenges, and solutions associated with these procedures, and how more sophisticated approaches such as multiplex RT-PCR, indirect ELISA (ID-ELISA), immunocapture RT-PCR (IC-RT-PCR), and immunochromatographic test strips (ICSs) can alleviate some of these setbacks.

Genomic data are increasingly leveraged to enable malaria genomic surveillance, with many teams now generating Plasmodium falciparum sequence data for rout