Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is a form of skin cancer that develops in keratinocytes, which are the predominant cells present in the epidermis layer of the skin. Keratinocyte carcinoma comprises two sub-types, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This review provides a holistic literature assessment of the origin, diagnosis methods, contributing factors, and current topical treatments of KC. Additionally, it explores the increase in KC cases that occurred globally over the past ten years. One of the principal concepts highlighted in this article is the adverse effects linked to conventional treatment methods of KC and how novel treatment strategies that combine phytochemistry and transdermal drug delivery systems offer an alternative approach for treatment. However, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to fully assess the efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety profile of these phytochemical based transdermal chemotherapeutics.

This review highlights the role of computational chemistry, specifically quantum and molecular mechanics, in the development of folate‐based anticancer drugs. Folate receptors (FRs) are overexpressed in cancerous cells, rendering these receptors a key focus in the design of targeted drug delivery systems. These computational tools are fundamental for analyzing drug–receptor interactions and overcoming the limitations of traditional drug development processes. A 10‐year literature survey demonstrated advancements in employing FRs for targeted cancer therapy. Key findings reveal that structural modifications to folate derivatives consistently enhance binding affinities and specificity toward FRα and FRβ. Computational methodologies predicted and analyzed molecular interactions, validated by experimental data. Functional groups play a crucial role in enhancing binding stability and interaction strength within FR binding pockets. Detailed structural insights into folate derivatives and antifolates interacting with FRs have identified critical residues involved in binding, aiding the design of targeted therapeutics.

This research paper explores the field of nanobiotechnology, focusing on the design, characterisation, and potential dermal applications of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). ZnO and FeO NPs exhibit distinctive properties that are valuable in dermato‐cosmetic applications and transdermal drug delivery. This study investigates Cannabidiol (CBD) as a capping agent for MONPs synthesis. Employing microwave‐assisted techniques, MONPs were synthesised using either CBD or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agents. The TEM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterisation results confirmed the successful formation of CBD‐capped ZnO and FeO NPs exhibiting an average particle size of 90 and 76 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity of CBD‐capped MONPs was evaluated on HaCaT cells over a concentration range of 100 to 6.25 μg/mL, which revealed that CBD‐capped ZnO NPs exerted a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells (IC ₅₀ 85.34±1.17 μg/mL). In contrast, CBD‐capped FeO NPs and PVP‐capped MONPs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity (IC ₅₀ >100 μg/mL). TEM analysis revealed a noticeable structural alteration of ZnO NPs in the supplemented cell culture medium, which could contribute to enhanced NP uptake, thereby explaining the more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs. Therefore, the disparity in cytotoxic responses can be attributed to the protein coating adhering to the NPs surface in a biological medium.