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How people react towards threatening information such as climate change is a non-trivial matter. While people with a high environmental self-identity tend to react approach-motivated by engaging in pro-environmental behaviour, people of low environmental self-identity may exhibit proximal defence behaviour, by avoiding and distracting themselves from potentially threatening stimuli caused by identified anxious thoughts and circumstances. This psychological theory has recently been tested in experimental studies in which results suggest that the promotion of climate change information can also backfire. Based on these findings, we propose an agent-based model to address influences on anxiety and correlated pro-environmental actions in relation to societal norms of climate change scepticism and environmental self-identity.
Marie L. Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. Social Norms and the Threat of Climate Change: An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Pro-Environmental Behaviour. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 2021, 445 -457.
AMA StyleMarie L. Kapeller, Georg Jäger, Manfred Füllsack. Social Norms and the Threat of Climate Change: An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Pro-Environmental Behaviour. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. 2021; ():445-457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarie L. Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. 2021. "Social Norms and the Threat of Climate Change: An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Pro-Environmental Behaviour." First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 , no. : 445-457.
We investigate a heterogeneous environment of strategic choice in the modelled repeated public goods game. Our objective is to assess the emergence and resilience of cooperation in respect to the coexistence of competing strategies while engaging in cooperation influencing interactions and possible change of strategic behaviour. The chosen strategies follow a simple design, mimicking human behaviour choices while being of strongly reduced complexity. Engaging in different scenarios, we show strategy type distributions where cooperation is stable while for other distributions, specific decay patterns emerge that lead to an overtake of defective strategies. Moreover, we use local effect measurements to examine an individual strategy impact on its environment and how positively or negatively a strategy type behaves. In the light of social contagion, this holds information on how positive or negative a strategy type is for the collective cooperative behaviour.
Marie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. Effects of Heterogeneous Strategy Composition on Cooperation in the Repeated Public Goods Game. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 2020, 247 -257.
AMA StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller, Georg Jäger, Manfred Füllsack. Effects of Heterogeneous Strategy Composition on Cooperation in the Repeated Public Goods Game. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. 2020; ():247-257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. 2020. "Effects of Heterogeneous Strategy Composition on Cooperation in the Repeated Public Goods Game." First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 , no. : 247-257.
In order to meet the challenges of sustainable development, it is of utmost importance to involve all relevant decision makers in this process. These decision makers are diverse, including governments, corporations and private citizens. Since the latter group is the largest and the majority of decisions relevant to the future of the environment is made by that group, great effort has been put into communicating relevant research results to them. The hope is that well-informed citizens make well-informed choices and thus act in a sustainable way. However, this common but drastic simplification that more information about climate change automatically leads to pro-environmental behaviour is fundamentally flawed. It completely neglects the complex social-psychological processes that occur if people are confronted with threatening information. In reality, the defence mechanisms that are activated in such situations can also work against the goal of sustainable development, as experimental studies showed. Based on these findings, we propose an agent-based model to understand the relation between threatening climate change information, anxiety, climate change scepticism, environmental self-identity and pro-environmental behaviour. We find that the exposure to information about climate change, in general, does not increase the pro-environmental intent unless several conditions regarding the individual’s values and information density are met.
Marie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger. Threat and Anxiety in the Climate Debate—An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Climate Scepticism and Pro-Environmental Behaviour. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1823 .
AMA StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller, Georg Jäger. Threat and Anxiety in the Climate Debate—An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Climate Scepticism and Pro-Environmental Behaviour. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger. 2020. "Threat and Anxiety in the Climate Debate—An Agent-Based Model to Investigate Climate Scepticism and Pro-Environmental Behaviour." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1823.
The footprint of tourism through travel is contributing significantly to the accumulation of human-made CO2. Due to different options in transportation, resulting emissions depend strongly on the choices of individuals on how to travel. In Austria, land travel is the main mode of transportation, though air travel has shown a significant increase during the last decades. We present a model to estimate past and future emission trends of land and air travel for domestic (inbound) and international (outbound) travel destinations. For this, we use a combination of two software models, a social-economic individual-based model to simulate the decision processes of holiday travel and an emission calculation model to estimate single travel-based CO2 emissions. Our model is supported by data (reference year 2016) on tourism demand, holiday destinations, household wealth and emissions of different transportation modes. Our model evaluation successfully reproduced historical data of travel demand in the period 2003–2019 and explores several future trends of (a) business-as-usual, (b) green transition and (c) aviation preference increase. We calculated a current CO2 footprint of 5.8 million tonnes in 2019, which could increase to 7.3 million tonnes by 2030 if the current trend continues. A necessary decrease of transportation emissions is only possible when reducing air travel. In case of a green transition towards more land travel, total emissions could be kept constant compared to current emission levels. However, an overall reduction of holiday travel related CO2 below 3.5 million tonnes has not been observed even under the best circumstances due to projected increases in the total population and increases in wealth.
Marie Lisa Kapeller; Manfred Füllsack; Georg Jäger. Holiday Travel Behaviour and Correlated CO2 Emissions—Modelling Trend and Future Scenarios for Austrian Tourists. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6418 .
AMA StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller, Manfred Füllsack, Georg Jäger. Holiday Travel Behaviour and Correlated CO2 Emissions—Modelling Trend and Future Scenarios for Austrian Tourists. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller; Manfred Füllsack; Georg Jäger. 2019. "Holiday Travel Behaviour and Correlated CO2 Emissions—Modelling Trend and Future Scenarios for Austrian Tourists." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6418.
In the standard situation of networked populations, link neighbours represent one of the main influences leading to social diffusion of behaviour. When distinct attributes coexist, not only the network structure, but also the distribution of these traits shape the typical neighbourhood of each individual. While assortativity refers to the formation of links between similar individuals inducing the network structure, here, we separate the formation of links from the actual distribution of an attribute on the topology. This is achieved by first generating different network types (e.g., lattice, scale free, and small world), followed by the procedure of distributing attributes. With this separation, we try to isolate the effect that attribute distribution has on network diffusion from the effect of the network structure itself. We compare random distributions, where behaviour types are highly mixed, and homophilic distributions, where similar individuals are very likely to be linked, and examine the effects on social contagion in a population of mainly reciprocal behaviour types. In addition, we gradually mix homophilic distribution, by random rewiring, adding links and relocating individuals. Our main results is that attribute distribution strongly influences collective behaviour and the actual effect depends on the network type. Under homophilic distribution the equilibrium collective behaviour of a population tends to be more divers, implying that random distributions are limited for illustration of collective behaviour. We find that our results are robust when we use different gradual mixing methods on homophilic distribution.
Marie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. Homophily in networked agent-based models: a method to generate homophilic attribute distributions to improve upon random distribution approaches. Computational Social Networks 2019, 6, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller, Georg Jäger, Manfred Füllsack. Homophily in networked agent-based models: a method to generate homophilic attribute distributions to improve upon random distribution approaches. Computational Social Networks. 2019; 6 (1):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarie Lisa Kapeller; Georg Jäger; Manfred Füllsack. 2019. "Homophily in networked agent-based models: a method to generate homophilic attribute distributions to improve upon random distribution approaches." Computational Social Networks 6, no. 1: 1-18.
Critical transitions of complex systems can often be predicted by so-called early-warning signals (EWS). In some cases, however, such signals cannot be detected although a critical transition is imminent. Observing a relation of EWS-detectability and the network topology in which the system is implemented, we simulate and investigate scale-free networks and identify which networks show, and which do not show EWS in the framework of a two state system that exhibits critical transitions. Additionally, we adapt our approach by examining the effective state of the system, rather than its natural state, and conclude that this transformation can reveal hidden EWS in networks where those signals are otherwise obscured by a complex topology.
Georg Jäger; Christian Höfer; Marie Kapeller; Manfred Füllsack. Hidden early-warning signals in scale-free networks. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0189853 -e0189853.
AMA StyleGeorg Jäger, Christian Höfer, Marie Kapeller, Manfred Füllsack. Hidden early-warning signals in scale-free networks. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (12):e0189853-e0189853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorg Jäger; Christian Höfer; Marie Kapeller; Manfred Füllsack. 2017. "Hidden early-warning signals in scale-free networks." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12: e0189853-e0189853.
We find chimera states with respect to amplitude dynamics in a network of Stuart- Landau oscillators. These partially coherent and partially incoherent spatio-temporal patterns appear due to the interplay of nonlocal network topology and symmetry-breaking coupling. As the coupling range is increased, the oscillations are quenched, amplitude chimeras disappear and the network enters a symmetry-breaking stationary state. This particular regime is a novel pattern which we call chimera death. It is characterized by the coexistence of spatially coherent and incoherent inhomogeneous steady states and therefore combines the features of chimera state and oscillation death. Additionally, we show two different transition scenarios from amplitude chimera to chimera death. Moreover, for amplitude chimeras we uncover the mechanism of transition towards in-phase synchronized regime and discuss the role of initial conditions.
Anna Zakharova; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Eckehard Schöll. Amplitude chimeras and chimera death in dynamical networks. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2016, 727, 012018 .
AMA StyleAnna Zakharova, Marie Lisa Kapeller, Eckehard Schöll. Amplitude chimeras and chimera death in dynamical networks. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016; 727 (1):012018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Zakharova; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Eckehard Schöll. 2016. "Amplitude chimeras and chimera death in dynamical networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 727, no. 1: 012018.
In a network of nonlocally coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with symmetry-breaking coupling, we study numerically, and explain analytically, a family of inhomogeneous steady states (oscillation death). They exhibit multicluster patterns, depending on the cluster distribution prescribed by the initial conditions. Besides stable oscillation death, we also find a regime of long transients asymptotically approaching synchronized oscillations. To explain these phenomena analytically in dependence on the coupling range and the coupling strength, we first use a mean-field approximation, which works well for large coupling ranges but fails for coupling ranges, which are small compared to the cluster size. Going beyond standard mean-field theory, we predict the boundaries of the different stability regimes as well as the transient times analytically in excellent agreement with numerical results.
Isabelle Schneider; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Sarah A. M. Loos; Anna Zakharova; Bernold Fiedler; Eckehard Schöll. Stable and transient multicluster oscillation death in nonlocally coupled networks. Physical Review E 2015, 92, 052915 .
AMA StyleIsabelle Schneider, Marie Lisa Kapeller, Sarah A. M. Loos, Anna Zakharova, Bernold Fiedler, Eckehard Schöll. Stable and transient multicluster oscillation death in nonlocally coupled networks. Physical Review E. 2015; 92 (5):052915.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabelle Schneider; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Sarah A. M. Loos; Anna Zakharova; Bernold Fiedler; Eckehard Schöll. 2015. "Stable and transient multicluster oscillation death in nonlocally coupled networks." Physical Review E 92, no. 5: 052915.
For a network of generic oscillators with nonlocal topology and symmetry-breaking coupling we establish novel partially coherent inhomogeneous spatial patterns, which combine the features of chimera states (coexisting incongruous coherent and incoherent domains) and oscillation death (oscillation suppression), which we call “chimera death”. We show that due to the interplay of nonlocality and breaking of rotational symmetry by the coupling, two distinct scenarios from oscillatory behavior to a stationary state regime are possible: a transition from an amplitude chimera to chimera death via in-phase synchronized oscillations and a direct abrupt transition for larger coupling strength.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.154101Published 14 April 2014Received 31 January 2014© 2014 American Physical Society
Anna Zakharova; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Eckehard Schöll. Chimera Death: Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical Networks. Physical Review Letters 2014, 112, 154101 .
AMA StyleAnna Zakharova, Marie Lisa Kapeller, Eckehard Schöll. Chimera Death: Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical Networks. Physical Review Letters. 2014; 112 (15):154101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Zakharova; Marie Lisa Kapeller; Eckehard Schöll. 2014. "Chimera Death: Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical Networks." Physical Review Letters 112, no. 15: 154101.