The current study examines the forming limit diagram (FLD) of Al 6061-T6 during the electrohydraulic forming process based on the Marciniak–Kuczynski theory (M-K theory). To describe the work-hardening properties of the material, Hollomon’s equation—that includes strain and strain rate hardening parameters—was used. A quasi-static tensile test was performed to obtain the strain-hardening factor and the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test was carried out to acquire the strain rate hardening parameter. To evaluate the reliability of the stress–strain curves obtained from the SHPB test, a numerical model was performed using the LS–DYNA program. Hosford’s yield function was also employed to predict the theoretical FLD. The obtained FLD showed that the material could have improved formability at a high strain rate index condition compared with the quasi-static condition, which means that the high-speed forming process can enhance the formability of sheet metals. Finally, the FLD was compared with the experimental results from electrohydraulic forming (EHF) free-bulging test, which showed that the theoretical FLD was in good agreement with the actual forming limit in the EHF process.
This paper describes the conceptual design of a vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (VTOL-UAV), mountable on an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for their combined operation as a team. The design aims to compensate for the weak points of each platform by providing carrying, launching, recovery, and recharging capabilities for the mounted VTOL-UAV through the host UGV. A sphere-shaped mechanical docking interface between the UAV–UGV is proposed to allow flexible and accurate positioning, and its operational concept with a coaxial rotorcraft UAV is suggested as one particular instance. A vision-based, target-tracking method to enhance the precision landing performance also was investigated and tested with a ground-based experimental setup.