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Dr. Armin Jeddi Yeganeh
Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, USA

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0 environmental
0 Technological Innovations
0 Green affordable housing
0 Including codes and standards
0 Policies and programs

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Preprint
Published: 26 July 2021
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Research on green-certified buildings has often been focused on the benefits of green standards, such as energy efficiency, smart growth, resource conservation, and health protection. Recent studies suggest the adoption of a reductionist sustainability planning language can turn green-certified houses into luxury goods, attracting White, prime-age, college-educated households with some pro-environmental attitudes who replace existing long-term, lower-income residents in core urban areas. While many factors may work together in driving neighborhood change and gentrification in cities, the question this study aims to address is to what extent the supply of green-certified units can affect neighborhood change and gentrification? We use Central Virginia’s Multiple Listing Service (MLS) housing market transactions data and the U.S. Census Bureau’s socioeconomic data to present the differential effect of new construction of market-rate, green-certified units in a natural experiment using difference-in-differences estimates. We find that neighborhoods that include new, green-certified units have experienced a statistically significant increase in population, supporting new construction and positively affecting house prices. We also detect some negative effects on minorities and minority owners, but these effects have not yet reached statistical significance. This study finds strong evidence of green housing providing the conditions that make areas ripe for gentrification, but more studies should follow up to better measure and generalize this finding.

ACS Style

Armin Yeganeh; Andrew McCoy; Philip Agee; Todd Schenk; Steve Hankey. Green Housing or Green Gentrification? 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Armin Yeganeh, Andrew McCoy, Philip Agee, Todd Schenk, Steve Hankey. Green Housing or Green Gentrification? . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Yeganeh; Andrew McCoy; Philip Agee; Todd Schenk; Steve Hankey. 2021. "Green Housing or Green Gentrification?" , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Energy and Buildings
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The United States needs comprehensive policymaking reforms that promote sustainable residential development. This study investigates the feasibility of statewide, zero-energy affordable housing by analyzing historical data on the climate, energy use, and solar system costs in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The hypothesis examined is the net present cost of implementation of rooftop residential solar systems to achieve zero-energy, multifamily buildings of the U.S. Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program is lower than the discounted present cost of energy of otherwise identical buildings that run without renewable energy generation systems. We propose a generalizable framework for analyzing the feasibility of achieving regionwide or statewide zero-energy affordable housing. To validate the framework, we employ a longitudinal sample of monthly energy use data from 2013 to 2016, obtained from 310 residential units of 15 LIHTC developments across Virginia. Based on statistical regression analysis, energy simulation, and simulation-based risk analysis, we find that the net present value of investments in zero-energy affordable housing can be positive with a low risk. The investment value varies often depending on the zero-energy building definition, weather characteristics, retail price of electricity, and incentive rate. The results suggest that many other southern states can accrue benefits from zero-energy affordable housing.

ACS Style

Armin Yeganeh; Philip R. Agee; Xinghua Gao; Andrew P. McCoy. Feasibility of zero-energy affordable housing. Energy and Buildings 2021, 241, 110919 .

AMA Style

Armin Yeganeh, Philip R. Agee, Xinghua Gao, Andrew P. McCoy. Feasibility of zero-energy affordable housing. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 241 ():110919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Yeganeh; Philip R. Agee; Xinghua Gao; Andrew P. McCoy. 2021. "Feasibility of zero-energy affordable housing." Energy and Buildings 241, no. : 110919.

Original articles
Published: 14 November 2020 in Building Research & Information
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This article analyses the integration of green building with the largest low-income housing production programme in the US and the innovativeness of state housing agencies. Drawing on policy innovation literature, panel data and regression analysis are employed to quantify associations between state-level characteristics and the adoption of green building criteria into the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) programme. Results show that housing agencies have increasingly adopted green building criteria, and most have identified co-benefits from energy-efficient buildings and smart growth. Despite overall progress, the rate of adoption of green building criteria has decreased, few US states have comprehensive criteria, and many have dropped important criteria, such as on-site renewable energy generation, often due to perceived additional costs to developers and, in some cases, due to perceived progress in building codes. Results are consistent with hypotheses derived from the literature and suggest that the integration of green building with the LIHTC programme is significantly associated with the states’ internal factors, such as public housing agencies’ motivations and resources, and external factors like regional policy diffusion from other states. Future research should explore organization-level factors that affect environmental policy innovation.

ACS Style

Armin Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy; Georg Reichard; Todd Schenk; Steve Hankey. Green building and policy innovation in the US Low-Income Housing Tax Credit programme. Building Research & Information 2020, 49, 543 -560.

AMA Style

Armin Yeganeh, Andrew P. McCoy, Georg Reichard, Todd Schenk, Steve Hankey. Green building and policy innovation in the US Low-Income Housing Tax Credit programme. Building Research & Information. 2020; 49 (5):543-560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy; Georg Reichard; Todd Schenk; Steve Hankey. 2020. "Green building and policy innovation in the US Low-Income Housing Tax Credit programme." Building Research & Information 49, no. 5: 543-560.

Preprint
Published: 25 July 2020
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The residential sector in the United States is in need of comprehensive policy-making reforms that concurrently address housing affordability and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the feasibility of state-wide zero-energy affordable housing by analyzing historical data on climate, energy use, and solar system costs in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The hypothesis examined is that the net present cost of implementation of rooftop residential solar systems to achieve zero-energy Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) buildings is lower than the discounted present cost of energy of otherwise identical conventional buildings that run without renewable energy generation systems. The authors propose a generalizable framework for analyzing the feasibility of achieving region- or state-wide zero-energy LIHTC developments. To validate the framework, the authors employ a longitudinal sample of monthly energy use data from 2013-2016 obtained from 310 residential units of 15 LIHTC developments across the state. Based on statistical regression analysis, energy simulation, and simulation-based risk analysis, the authors find that the net present value of zero-energy LIHTC investments can be positive with a low risk. The investment value varies often depending on the zero-energy building definition, weather characteristics, retail price of electricity, and incentive rate. This study can help housing policymakers and industry professionals analyze and benchmark the feasibility of innovative zero-energy housing policies and projects.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Philip R. Agee; Xinghua Gao; Andrew P. McCoy. Feasibility of Zero Energy Multi-Family Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Developments. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Philip R. Agee, Xinghua Gao, Andrew P. McCoy. Feasibility of Zero Energy Multi-Family Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Developments. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Philip R. Agee; Xinghua Gao; Andrew P. McCoy. 2020. "Feasibility of Zero Energy Multi-Family Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Developments." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Sustainability
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In the year 2017, about 89% of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources, and about 43% of tenant households were cost burdened. Local governments are in a unique position to facilitate green affordable housing, that could reduce cost burdens, environmental degradation, and environmental injustice. Nonetheless, limited studies have made progress on the costs and benefits of green affordable housing, to guide decision-making, particularly in small communities. This study investigates density bonus options for green affordable housing by analyzing construction costs, transaction prices, and spillover effects of green certifications and affordable housing units. The authors employ pooled cross-sectional construction cost and price data from 422 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) projects and 11,016 Multiple Listing Service (MLS) transactions in Virginia. Using hedonic regression analyses controlling for mediating factors, the study finds that the new construction of market-rate green certified houses is associated with small upfront costs, but large and statistically significant price premiums. In addition, the construction of market-rate green certified houses has large and statistically significant spillover effects on existing non-certified houses. Existing non-certified affordable housing units show small and often insignificant negative price impacts on the transaction prices of surrounding properties. The study concludes that the magnitude of social benefits associated with green building justifies the local provision of voluntary programs for green affordable housing, where housing is expensive relative to its basic cost of production.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew Patton McCoy; Steve Hankey. Green Affordable Housing: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Zoning Incentives. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6269 .

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Andrew Patton McCoy, Steve Hankey. Green Affordable Housing: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Zoning Incentives. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew Patton McCoy; Steve Hankey. 2019. "Green Affordable Housing: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Zoning Incentives." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6269.

Review
Published: 04 November 2019 in Urban Climate
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Recent studies have taken different approaches to explore how climate change policies are shaped by city characteristics in the US. Yet, there is clearly a need for integration of policy adoption literature since there is not a comprehensive synthesis currently available, and the average effect of any associations between local conditions and different policy formulations is unknown. The objective of this study is to present such a synthesis of frequently quantified associations described in the body of empirical research on climate policy adoption. We use average elasticities (i.e., the ratio of the percentage change in the dependent variable associated with the percentage change in an independent variable) to explore the magnitude of associations between various characteristics of local environments and the adoption of climate policies in US cities. Elasticities are best “estimates” as currently possible and should be refined as more individual studies become available. This study finds that public support for climate policy has the largest positive impact on policy adoption. Differences in policy benefits (e.g., local versus global) and approach (e.g., mitigation versus adaptation) should be distinguished when encouraging local governments to confront climate change. Given deficiencies in the empirical literature, critical review essays are needed for integration.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy; Todd Schenk. Determinants of climate change policy adoption: A meta-analysis. Urban Climate 2019, 31, 100547 .

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Andrew P. McCoy, Todd Schenk. Determinants of climate change policy adoption: A meta-analysis. Urban Climate. 2019; 31 ():100547.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy; Todd Schenk. 2019. "Determinants of climate change policy adoption: A meta-analysis." Urban Climate 31, no. : 100547.

Preprint
Published: 15 October 2019
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In the year 2017, about 89 percent of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources, and about 43 percent of tenant households were cost-burdened. Local governments are in a unique position to facilitate green affordable housing that could reduce cost burdens, environmental degradation, and environmental injustice. Nonetheless, limited studies have made progress on costs and benefits of green affordable housing to guide decision-making, particularly in small communities. This study investigates density bonus options for green affordable housing by analyzing construction costs, sale prices, and spillover effects for green certifications and affordable housing units. The authors employ construction costs and sale data from 422 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) projects and 11,418 Multiple Listing Service (MLS) transactions in Virginia. Using hedonic regression analyses controlling for mediating factors, we find that the new construction of market-rate green certified houses is associated with small upfront costs but large and statistically significant price premiums. The construction of market-rate green certified houses has large and statistically significant spillover effects on existing non-certified houses. Existing non-certified affordable housing units show small and statistically insignificant negative price impacts on transactions of surrounding properties. The magnitude of social benefits associated with green building justifies the local provision of voluntary programs for green affordable housing where housing is expensive relative to its basic costs of production to promote sustainable development.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew Patton McCoy; Steve Hankey. Green Affordable Housing: Implications of Costs and Benefits for Municipal Incentives. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Andrew Patton McCoy, Steve Hankey. Green Affordable Housing: Implications of Costs and Benefits for Municipal Incentives. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew Patton McCoy; Steve Hankey. 2019. "Green Affordable Housing: Implications of Costs and Benefits for Municipal Incentives." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 September 2019 in INCREaSE 2019
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In the year 2017, about 89% of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources and about 44% of tenant households were cost burdened. There is currently limited research on holistic approaches to housing policy that integrate housing affordability and environmental considerations. The objective of the current study is to utilize data and empirical analyses to explain green building policy content, adoption, and determinants in the context of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program. We employ 2010–2016 data to test a conceptual model of state innovative capacity and explore the magnitude of associations between state characteristics and the incorporation of green building incentives into the LIHTC program in 50 US states. With a clear focus on savings from increased energy-efficiency, states increasingly adopted green building incentives between 2006–2010 but lost the initial momentum and started to fluctuate since 2010. The magnitude of governments’ financial resources, a holistic approach to green building, and citizens’ liberal ideology are among the strongest correlates of adoption controlling for income and population. To shift toward a sustainable future, policymakers should take a holistic, steady, and evolutionary approach to green building with an emphasis on simultaneous diversification, decentralization, and decarbonization of energy generation and seek complementary policies that raise the cost of carbon-intensive technologies in affordable housing. To facilitate the integration of green building with affordable housing policy, researchers should explore innovations in the policy process and measure the effectiveness of green building policies.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy. Housing Policy Innovation to Integrate Environmental Sustainability with Economic Development. INCREaSE 2019 2019, 587 -602.

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Andrew P. McCoy. Housing Policy Innovation to Integrate Environmental Sustainability with Economic Development. INCREaSE 2019. 2019; ():587-602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Andrew P. McCoy. 2019. "Housing Policy Innovation to Integrate Environmental Sustainability with Economic Development." INCREaSE 2019 , no. : 587-602.

Review
Published: 07 July 2018 in Building and Environment
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Despite their impact on work performance, cognitive responses to thermal variations in buildings have not been accurately quantified. Practical limitations in individual laboratory experiments with limited participants often cause low statistical power and restrict generalizability. Thus, inconsistencies in individual studies motivate summary reviews and meta-analyses. The objective of this study is to estimate the correlation between ambient air temperature and cognitive performance through a systematic literature review. We identified laboratory experiment reports published between 1980 and 2018, out of which 45 passed the targeted inclusion and exclusion criteria set forward by the scope of this study. To obtain summary effect statistics, 28 reports were included in a single analysis conducted by the use of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Under laboratory conditions with fixed clothing values, studies with the weighted mean of 4.34 °C, 10.04 °C, and 26.68 °C increase in the neutral air temperature show about % 0.40, % 5.37, and % 7.97 reductions in cognitive performance respectively. Heat stress causes the most significant decline in the most attention-demanding tasks. The results show an overall decline in both speed and accuracy measures due to changes in ambient air temperature. Accuracy measures and longer exposures are associated with relatively more decline in heat and cold. The estimated temperature-performance correlation follows a bell-shaped curve centered around the average control temperature. The results help inform policy and design decisions concerned with thermal comfort and upper limits for occupational exposure to cold and heat.

ACS Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Georg Reichard; Andrew P. McCoy; Tanyel Bulbul; Farrokh Jazizadeh. Correlation of ambient air temperature and cognitive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Building and Environment 2018, 143, 701 -716.

AMA Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh, Georg Reichard, Andrew P. McCoy, Tanyel Bulbul, Farrokh Jazizadeh. Correlation of ambient air temperature and cognitive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Building and Environment. 2018; 143 ():701-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Jeddi Yeganeh; Georg Reichard; Andrew P. McCoy; Tanyel Bulbul; Farrokh Jazizadeh. 2018. "Correlation of ambient air temperature and cognitive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Building and Environment 143, no. : 701-716.